Info For Yous Adelaide Casely Hayford: The Pan-African Cultural Nationalist Who Caused An International Uproar Inward 1925 For Wearing Traditional African Costume To Attend The Reception Inward Abide By Of The Prince Of Wales
Adelaide Casely Hayford (1868-1960) was a Sierra Leonean-Ghanaian Krio educator together with author, was ane of the foremost West African women to acquire inward modern world life, especially inward the plain of education. Between 1914 together with the 1940s, as a strong advocate of cultural nationalism she helped to shape the world discourse on cultural nationalism together with African identity inward Sierra Leone, Republic of Ghana together with other parts of English-speaking West Africa. In fact, her conclusion to ensure that Sierra Leoneans save their national identity together with cultural heritage caused her inward 1925 to attend a reception inward honour of the Prince of Wales inward traditional African costume, causing a sensation.
Through her upbringing inward the Great Britain together with her extensive travels inward the United States, she interacted with many influential leaders of African descent. Articulate together with poised, her elite condition together with self-confidence did much to dispel the icon of the so-called "barbarous Africa" wherever she went. Her life spanned almost a century of alien dominion inward Sierra Leone, during which her people experienced a bitter demotion from their early on purpose every bit respected "native" agents together with harbingers of westernization.
By the terminate of the nineteenth century, they had lost much of their privileged condition inward the colonial service together with the church building hierarchy, but they yet remained a powerful influence inward local gild together with politics every bit good every bit inward West Africa at large, from Senegal to Angola. Mrs. Casely Hayford was a gifted raconteur every bit good every bit a recognized repository of her people`s oral history, together with served every bit an of import informant to indigenous together with international scholars.
Possessing a rich mixed diasporic heritage, Adelaide Casely Hayford descended from British, West Indian, Fante (Ghana), together with Mandingo (Guinea/Sierra Leone) ancestors. Adelaide Casely Hayford, nee Smith, was born inward Freetown on June 27, 1868. she was the 6th kid of William Smith Jr., the Anglo-Fante (Akan) Registrar of the Court of Mixed Commissions, together with his instant wife, Anne Spilsbury Smith, a Krio adult woman of independent means. The Smith household unit of measurement was quite large, for Adelaide`s woman parent bore ane to a greater extent than child, patch her begetter also had some other pose of 7 children from an before marriage.
The immature Adelaide spent most of her childhood together with adolescence inward England where her begetter had retired inward 1872. The household unit of measurement stayed at Bailiwick of Jersey Island, where they enjoyed the privileged life typical of the Victorian upper middle-class. She was merely iv years old. Her memories were of an idyllic childhood with no sense of overt racism, which mayhap reflects the fact that during this period, the ideology of racism had non yet crystallized every bit business office of the theoretical framework of slow nineteenth century imperialism. Her woman parent died when she was 7 years old, together with sometime after her begetter married a tertiary wife, an English linguistic communication woman, who seems non to have been especially friendly to her step-children.
In England, she attended the Bailiwick of Jersey Ladies College, together with at the historic menstruum of seventeen proceeded to Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany to written report music at the Stuttgart Conservatory. She learned the skills together with accomplishments deemed suitable for immature women of her class: basic educational skills, home-craft, a skilful agreement of literature, the fine art of conversation, together with appropriate etiquette. Her musical grooming inward Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany rounded off her training, from which she emerged every bit a versatile pianist together with vocalist. After the expiry of her father, she together with ane of her sisters returned to Freetown inward 1897 after twenty-five years abroad.
Having been gone for twenty-five years, she felt profoundly alienated from Krio society. With limited agency of support, the 2 Smith sisters decided to gear upward a girls` school, but it was non quite every bit successful every bit they would take away maintain liked. Moreover, they became so frustrated with the overt hostility they met from many alongside the Krio elite that they decided to render to England inward 1900. In London, their social circle embraced 2 distinguished Africans, Mrs. Victoria Davies, the Nigerian goddaughter of Queen Victoria, together with Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, the famous Sierra Leonean composer whose plant were together with so acclaimed inward Britain.
Whilst inward England, together with her sister, she opened a boarding dwelling for African bachelors. Adelaide Smith turned downwardly many suitors on the grounds that they were non quite gentlemen enough, but inward 1903, she met Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford (1866-1930), the Fante (Akan) human together with the influential Gold Coast (Ghana) lawyer together with nationalist. His foremost married adult woman had died some years earlier. Though he never hid the fact that he yet mourned her, he asked Adelaide Smith to wed him, together with she accepted. They were married inward England inward 1903, after which they left for the Gold Coast. Then thirty-five years old, she was much older than was commons for a West African bride.
In the Gold Coast, she was no happier than she had been inward Freetown, non fifty-fifty after the nascency of their daughter, Gladys, who became ane of West Africa`s foremost modern woman somebody poets. Mrs. Casely Hayford made niggling endeavour to acquire Fante together with did non attempt to sympathise Fante civilisation or the demands of living inward an extended household unit of measurement situation. Moreover, her husband, similar many elite West African men, did non allow a legal western matrimony bound his relations with other women.
Finally, inward 1914, the brace agreed to a legal separation, together with Adelaide Casely Hayford returned to Freetown. Although the price of separation included a fiscal settlement, payments came sporadically, hence forcing her to divulge a livelihood for the back upward of herself together with her daughter. In the Gold Coast, Adelaide Casely Hayford foremost emerged every bit a adult woman of world affairs interested inward didactics together with women`s emancipation. From this time, she gave a publish of lectures on these 2 subjects together with also began to choose business office inward organizational life.
J. E. Casely Hayford was an active advocate of Pan-Africanism together with cultural nationalism. It is in all probability that her matrimony to J. E. Casely Hayford gave her a deeper insight into African civilisation together with may take away maintain influenced her transformation into a cultural nationalist.
After she returned to Freetown, her ideas on appropriate girls` didactics were greatly influenced past times the ideas of Orishatukeh Faduma (1857-1946), a Sierra Leonean educator, Pan-African ideologue, who had late returned from a prolonged menstruum of missionary activeness inward North Carolina where he served for seventeen years (1895-1912) every bit the principal of an African American literary together with industrial school. His views incorporated contemporary ideas on dark industrial didactics every bit the foundation of futurity race progress that had been so good propagated past times Booker T. Washington, a publish of Protestant missions together with the Phelps-Stokes Fund.
In Casely Hayford`s view, such vocational grooming would render her pupils the ground for a remunerative merchandise should they e'er divulge themselves required to earn their ain livelihood. The prospective of her Girls` Vocational School emphasized dwelling economics, especially baking together with making preserves, every bit good every bit instruction inward African cultural forms, such every bit weaving, basket-making, together with music. Unfortunately, many alongside the Krio elite opposed her vocational school. Not exclusively did they spend upward to donate funds, they also refused to enroll their daughters.
For a brief while, Adelaide Casely Hayford inspired past times the ideas of racial pride together with co-operation advanced past times Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), she joined the Ladies Division of the Freetown Branch together with served every bit the foremost president. Although she must take away maintain sincerely appreciated the UNIA`s ideas nigh a strong racial identity, the demand for self-improvement together with self-reliance, she seems to take away maintain been to a greater extent than interested inward the UNIA every bit a potential vehicle for raising funds for her proposed Girls’ Vocational School. When a conflict arose over her job of funds raised nether its auspices, she resigned her seat inward June 1920. Moreover, she faced rigid opposition from the local branch of the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA), which was highly critical of aspects of the Garvey movement. Because her hubby was the driving strength of the NCBWA, she capitulated to strong pressure level exerted past times local Sierra Leonean branch leaders to sever her ties with the UNIA. This sense proved so galling that she refrained from participating inward overtly political movements together with from together with so on confined her attending to her school, her writing, together with world speaking
The same twelvemonth (19200, she travelled to the USA to written report Afro-American educational programmes for industrial didactics together with to enhance funds for the proposed Girls’ Vocational School. Nevertheless, her belief inward cultural nationalism remained strong, together with she instantly possessed an influential network of African American leaders who helped her enormously during her 2 trips to the United States.Greatly disheartened past times the reception of her ideas concerning a vocational school, Adelaide Casely Hayford decided to go to the USA where she had every argue to believe she would divulge a to a greater extent than positive reception together with amend prospects for raising funds. Before she left, she contacted a publish of American organizations involved inward African American didactics and/or African industrial church building missions.
Her limited reasons for traveling to the USA were twofold: to investigate the functioning of African American girls` schools together with to enhance coin for her school. Accompanied past times her niece, she left Freetown inward July 1920 together with did non render until 2 together with a one-half years later. Some years after inward 1927, she made a instant trip to the United States, but it was non nearly every bit long, every bit productive or every bit memorable every bit her first.
Based inward New York, Mrs. Casely Hayford foremost met with the immature Paul Robeson, merely together with so starting fourth dimension his impressive musical together with theatrical career. Her friend, Coleridge-Taylor, whose go was widely performed inward the United States, helpfully provided her with an introduction. Then she attended the Annual Baptist Convention inward Indianapolis, where she met Miss Naomi Burroughs, an influential educator, who invited Mrs. Casely Hayford to see her school. Thereafter, doc Jourdan, Secretary to the Negro Baptist Foreign Mission Board, undertook the arrangements of many of her speaking engagements.
She toured extensively inward the states along the eastern seaboard, the South, together with the Midwest. She spent fourth dimension at all the major historically dark colleges, taking detail notice of the methods employed at Hampton, Tuskegee together with Moorhouse. Wherever she went, she attracted large interested audiences who proved to hold upward generous with their support, morally together with financially. Unlike inward Freetown, she had no problem eliciting sympathy for her proposed schoolhouse together with its curriculum. Her ideas on vocational didactics resonated deeply with the of import tradition of industrial grooming inward African American education. Thus, she succeeded inward setting upward an American Advisory Board for her schoolhouse composed of such distinguished leaders every bit doc J. E. Gregg of Hampton, doc R. Moton together with Mrs. Booker T. Washington of Tuskegee, Miss Naomi Burroughs, doc Jesse Jones of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, together with James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey, who at that fourth dimension was associated with the Phelps-Stokes Fund.
Another of import appear of Mrs. Casely Hayford`s American tour focused on raising pride inward the African cultural heritage alongside African Americans. At all her world meetings, she took attention to wearable African traditional dress, which she chose to translate using kente cloth, the richly woven ceremonial stuff of the Akan people of Ghana. She exhibited a pick of African arts together with crafts, which she sold at the closed of an evening`s events. In addition, she together with her niece staged niggling dramas together with tableaux, portraying African stories together with cultural forms aimed at correcting the misguided American notions nigh Africa.. Widely perceived every bit "African princess", their attractive personalities together with charismatic phase presence did much to counter negative images of Africa that permeated American civilisation at that time, both Euro-American together with African American.
While inward the United States, Mrs. Casely Hayford also took an involvement inward African American organizations other than those involved primarily inward education. She cultivated relations with the National Association of Colored People (NAACP), the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), together with the League of Women for Community Service (LWCS). Among other leaders, she was good known to W. E. B. DuBois, who stayed inward her solid when he visited Freetown inward 1924.
Despite Adelaide’s opposition to the injustices of the colonial scheme together with her strong advocacy of cultural nationalism, the British government had sufficient honour for her to honor her the King’s Silver Jubilee Medal inward 1935, together with the M.B.E. inward 1950. She spent the concluding years of her life writing her memoirs together with brusque stories. She died inward Jan 1960, leaving behind her a legacy of cultural awareness which all Sierra Leoneans should emulate.
Further Reading
Selected Works past times Adelaide Casely Hayford:
?A Girls? School inward West Africa,? Southern Workman, Oct 1926.
?The Life together with Times of Adelaide Casely Hayford,? West African Review, Oct 1953-August 1954.
?Mista Courifer,? inward Langston Hughes (ed.), An African Treasury (New York: Pyramid Books, 1961)
?Should We Educate the African?,? West African Review, vol.10, Apr 1931.Casely Hayford, Adelaide.
?West Africa inward America,? West Africa, vol.5, Jan 7, 1922, p.1656
?The Womanhood of West Africa: The Dawning of a New Day,? Elder?s Review, vol.9, Oct 1930
Biographical Studies:
C
romwell, A. M. An African Victorian Feminist: The Life together with Times of Adelaide Smith Casely Hayford 1868-1960 (London, 1986).
Okonkwo, Rina. "Adelaide Casely Hayford: Crusader for Women's Rights", Heroes of West African Nationalism (Enugu, 1985), pp.92-105.
Easmon, M. C. F. ?Auntie Dad: An Appreciation of the Late Adelaide Casely-Hayford of Sierra Leone,? West African Review, vol. 31, Apr 1960, pp.52-53.
Graves, Anna M. (ed.). Benvenuto Cellini Had No Prejudice against Bronze: Letters from West Africa (Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1943).
Source:http://diaspora.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/DiasporaX.woa/wa/displayArticle?atomid=901
Adelaide Casely-Hayford, Pan African Cultural Nationalist, educator together with a feminist
Through her upbringing inward the Great Britain together with her extensive travels inward the United States, she interacted with many influential leaders of African descent. Articulate together with poised, her elite condition together with self-confidence did much to dispel the icon of the so-called "barbarous Africa" wherever she went. Her life spanned almost a century of alien dominion inward Sierra Leone, during which her people experienced a bitter demotion from their early on purpose every bit respected "native" agents together with harbingers of westernization.
By the terminate of the nineteenth century, they had lost much of their privileged condition inward the colonial service together with the church building hierarchy, but they yet remained a powerful influence inward local gild together with politics every bit good every bit inward West Africa at large, from Senegal to Angola. Mrs. Casely Hayford was a gifted raconteur every bit good every bit a recognized repository of her people`s oral history, together with served every bit an of import informant to indigenous together with international scholars.
Possessing a rich mixed diasporic heritage, Adelaide Casely Hayford descended from British, West Indian, Fante (Ghana), together with Mandingo (Guinea/Sierra Leone) ancestors. Adelaide Casely Hayford, nee Smith, was born inward Freetown on June 27, 1868. she was the 6th kid of William Smith Jr., the Anglo-Fante (Akan) Registrar of the Court of Mixed Commissions, together with his instant wife, Anne Spilsbury Smith, a Krio adult woman of independent means. The Smith household unit of measurement was quite large, for Adelaide`s woman parent bore ane to a greater extent than child, patch her begetter also had some other pose of 7 children from an before marriage.
The immature Adelaide spent most of her childhood together with adolescence inward England where her begetter had retired inward 1872. The household unit of measurement stayed at Bailiwick of Jersey Island, where they enjoyed the privileged life typical of the Victorian upper middle-class. She was merely iv years old. Her memories were of an idyllic childhood with no sense of overt racism, which mayhap reflects the fact that during this period, the ideology of racism had non yet crystallized every bit business office of the theoretical framework of slow nineteenth century imperialism. Her woman parent died when she was 7 years old, together with sometime after her begetter married a tertiary wife, an English linguistic communication woman, who seems non to have been especially friendly to her step-children.
In England, she attended the Bailiwick of Jersey Ladies College, together with at the historic menstruum of seventeen proceeded to Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany to written report music at the Stuttgart Conservatory. She learned the skills together with accomplishments deemed suitable for immature women of her class: basic educational skills, home-craft, a skilful agreement of literature, the fine art of conversation, together with appropriate etiquette. Her musical grooming inward Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany rounded off her training, from which she emerged every bit a versatile pianist together with vocalist. After the expiry of her father, she together with ane of her sisters returned to Freetown inward 1897 after twenty-five years abroad.
Having been gone for twenty-five years, she felt profoundly alienated from Krio society. With limited agency of support, the 2 Smith sisters decided to gear upward a girls` school, but it was non quite every bit successful every bit they would take away maintain liked. Moreover, they became so frustrated with the overt hostility they met from many alongside the Krio elite that they decided to render to England inward 1900. In London, their social circle embraced 2 distinguished Africans, Mrs. Victoria Davies, the Nigerian goddaughter of Queen Victoria, together with Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, the famous Sierra Leonean composer whose plant were together with so acclaimed inward Britain.
Mrs. Casely Hayford at the fourth dimension of her marriage.Image from "An African Victorian Feminist", past times Adelaide M. Cromwell. Frank Cass, London, 1986.
Whilst inward England, together with her sister, she opened a boarding dwelling for African bachelors. Adelaide Smith turned downwardly many suitors on the grounds that they were non quite gentlemen enough, but inward 1903, she met Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford (1866-1930), the Fante (Akan) human together with the influential Gold Coast (Ghana) lawyer together with nationalist. His foremost married adult woman had died some years earlier. Though he never hid the fact that he yet mourned her, he asked Adelaide Smith to wed him, together with she accepted. They were married inward England inward 1903, after which they left for the Gold Coast. Then thirty-five years old, she was much older than was commons for a West African bride.
In the Gold Coast, she was no happier than she had been inward Freetown, non fifty-fifty after the nascency of their daughter, Gladys, who became ane of West Africa`s foremost modern woman somebody poets. Mrs. Casely Hayford made niggling endeavour to acquire Fante together with did non attempt to sympathise Fante civilisation or the demands of living inward an extended household unit of measurement situation. Moreover, her husband, similar many elite West African men, did non allow a legal western matrimony bound his relations with other women.
J E Casely Hayford. the Great Gold Coast Pan Africanist together with celebrated lawyer, the hubby of Adelaide Casely Hayford inward his traditional beautiful Kente cloth.
Finally, inward 1914, the brace agreed to a legal separation, together with Adelaide Casely Hayford returned to Freetown. Although the price of separation included a fiscal settlement, payments came sporadically, hence forcing her to divulge a livelihood for the back upward of herself together with her daughter. In the Gold Coast, Adelaide Casely Hayford foremost emerged every bit a adult woman of world affairs interested inward didactics together with women`s emancipation. From this time, she gave a publish of lectures on these 2 subjects together with also began to choose business office inward organizational life.
J. E. Casely Hayford was an active advocate of Pan-Africanism together with cultural nationalism. It is in all probability that her matrimony to J. E. Casely Hayford gave her a deeper insight into African civilisation together with may take away maintain influenced her transformation into a cultural nationalist.
Gladys May Casely Hayford is the foremost Gold Coast (Ghanaian) woman somebody poet/writer. She was the miss of the fante-Gold coast nationalist together with solicitor together with author J E Casely Hayford together with Adelaide Casely Hayford.She was born inward 1904 together with died inward 1950.
After she returned to Freetown, her ideas on appropriate girls` didactics were greatly influenced past times the ideas of Orishatukeh Faduma (1857-1946), a Sierra Leonean educator, Pan-African ideologue, who had late returned from a prolonged menstruum of missionary activeness inward North Carolina where he served for seventeen years (1895-1912) every bit the principal of an African American literary together with industrial school. His views incorporated contemporary ideas on dark industrial didactics every bit the foundation of futurity race progress that had been so good propagated past times Booker T. Washington, a publish of Protestant missions together with the Phelps-Stokes Fund.
In Casely Hayford`s view, such vocational grooming would render her pupils the ground for a remunerative merchandise should they e'er divulge themselves required to earn their ain livelihood. The prospective of her Girls` Vocational School emphasized dwelling economics, especially baking together with making preserves, every bit good every bit instruction inward African cultural forms, such every bit weaving, basket-making, together with music. Unfortunately, many alongside the Krio elite opposed her vocational school. Not exclusively did they spend upward to donate funds, they also refused to enroll their daughters.
For a brief while, Adelaide Casely Hayford inspired past times the ideas of racial pride together with co-operation advanced past times Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), she joined the Ladies Division of the Freetown Branch together with served every bit the foremost president. Although she must take away maintain sincerely appreciated the UNIA`s ideas nigh a strong racial identity, the demand for self-improvement together with self-reliance, she seems to take away maintain been to a greater extent than interested inward the UNIA every bit a potential vehicle for raising funds for her proposed Girls’ Vocational School. When a conflict arose over her job of funds raised nether its auspices, she resigned her seat inward June 1920. Moreover, she faced rigid opposition from the local branch of the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA), which was highly critical of aspects of the Garvey movement. Because her hubby was the driving strength of the NCBWA, she capitulated to strong pressure level exerted past times local Sierra Leonean branch leaders to sever her ties with the UNIA. This sense proved so galling that she refrained from participating inward overtly political movements together with from together with so on confined her attending to her school, her writing, together with world speaking
The same twelvemonth (19200, she travelled to the USA to written report Afro-American educational programmes for industrial didactics together with to enhance funds for the proposed Girls’ Vocational School. Nevertheless, her belief inward cultural nationalism remained strong, together with she instantly possessed an influential network of African American leaders who helped her enormously during her 2 trips to the United States.Greatly disheartened past times the reception of her ideas concerning a vocational school, Adelaide Casely Hayford decided to go to the USA where she had every argue to believe she would divulge a to a greater extent than positive reception together with amend prospects for raising funds. Before she left, she contacted a publish of American organizations involved inward African American didactics and/or African industrial church building missions.
Her limited reasons for traveling to the USA were twofold: to investigate the functioning of African American girls` schools together with to enhance coin for her school. Accompanied past times her niece, she left Freetown inward July 1920 together with did non render until 2 together with a one-half years later. Some years after inward 1927, she made a instant trip to the United States, but it was non nearly every bit long, every bit productive or every bit memorable every bit her first.
Based inward New York, Mrs. Casely Hayford foremost met with the immature Paul Robeson, merely together with so starting fourth dimension his impressive musical together with theatrical career. Her friend, Coleridge-Taylor, whose go was widely performed inward the United States, helpfully provided her with an introduction. Then she attended the Annual Baptist Convention inward Indianapolis, where she met Miss Naomi Burroughs, an influential educator, who invited Mrs. Casely Hayford to see her school. Thereafter, doc Jourdan, Secretary to the Negro Baptist Foreign Mission Board, undertook the arrangements of many of her speaking engagements.
She toured extensively inward the states along the eastern seaboard, the South, together with the Midwest. She spent fourth dimension at all the major historically dark colleges, taking detail notice of the methods employed at Hampton, Tuskegee together with Moorhouse. Wherever she went, she attracted large interested audiences who proved to hold upward generous with their support, morally together with financially. Unlike inward Freetown, she had no problem eliciting sympathy for her proposed schoolhouse together with its curriculum. Her ideas on vocational didactics resonated deeply with the of import tradition of industrial grooming inward African American education. Thus, she succeeded inward setting upward an American Advisory Board for her schoolhouse composed of such distinguished leaders every bit doc J. E. Gregg of Hampton, doc R. Moton together with Mrs. Booker T. Washington of Tuskegee, Miss Naomi Burroughs, doc Jesse Jones of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, together with James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey, who at that fourth dimension was associated with the Phelps-Stokes Fund.
| Adelaide SC Hayford on speaking tour inward the United States. |
| Image from "An African Victorian Feminist", past times Adelaide M. Cromwell. Frank Cass, London, 1986. |
While inward the United States, Mrs. Casely Hayford also took an involvement inward African American organizations other than those involved primarily inward education. She cultivated relations with the National Association of Colored People (NAACP), the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), together with the League of Women for Community Service (LWCS). Among other leaders, she was good known to W. E. B. DuBois, who stayed inward her solid when he visited Freetown inward 1924.
Kathleen Easmon Simango, niece of Adelaide Casely Hayford. She was a British-educated African artist. In the early on '20s she together with her aunt Adelaide Casely-Hayford toured the USA to enhance coin for a girls' schoolhouse inward Sierra Leone. They met with a diverseness of who's who of both dark together with white America, together with gave lectures on African life at several HBCUs including Tuskegee, Hampton together with Howard. They exhibited African sculptures together with textiles, together with staged theatrical performances inward that promise that such demonstrations would aid to dispel the mutual belief that Africa was a ground of savages. Audiences roughly the province were enraptured past times them, together with Zeta's Alpha Chapter invited them to go honorary members . courtesy:http://tilukhalayi.com/african-sorors/
Back inward Freetown, Adelaide embarked on her projection of establishing a vocational establishment which would “awaken inward pupils a beloved of country, pride of race, an enthusiasm for the blackman’s capabilities together with genuine admiration for Africa’s wonderful artwork”. In Oct 1923, The Girls’ Vocational School opened inward the Smith Family dwelling at Gloucester Street, contrary the Post Office, with xiv pupils. As Principal, she would take away maintain preferred the pupils wearing native clothes to school, but this thought was rejected past times the community. However, on Africa Day, which was held ane time every quarter, the pupils dressed inward African costumes together with studied African history, folklore, songs together with artwork, together with played African games together with danced traditional dances. She headed the schoolhouse till she retired inward 1940, together with the schoolhouse was forced to closed down.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 gifted world speaker, Adelaide advocated that Congress Day (the solar daytime mark the founding of the National Congress of British West Africa), similar Empire Day, ought to hold upward observed every bit a world holiday, together with she canvassed mothers to explicate the significance of the solar daytime to their children. She recognised the immediate demand for a national University together with called for the establishment of a professorship inward the major African languages. Of particular significance was the emphasis she placed on arts together with crafts every bit Africa’s unique contribution to Blue Planet culture.Despite Adelaide’s opposition to the injustices of the colonial scheme together with her strong advocacy of cultural nationalism, the British government had sufficient honour for her to honor her the King’s Silver Jubilee Medal inward 1935, together with the M.B.E. inward 1950. She spent the concluding years of her life writing her memoirs together with brusque stories. She died inward Jan 1960, leaving behind her a legacy of cultural awareness which all Sierra Leoneans should emulate.
Further Reading
Selected Works past times Adelaide Casely Hayford:
?A Girls? School inward West Africa,? Southern Workman, Oct 1926.
?The Life together with Times of Adelaide Casely Hayford,? West African Review, Oct 1953-August 1954.
?Mista Courifer,? inward Langston Hughes (ed.), An African Treasury (New York: Pyramid Books, 1961)
?Should We Educate the African?,? West African Review, vol.10, Apr 1931.Casely Hayford, Adelaide.
?West Africa inward America,? West Africa, vol.5, Jan 7, 1922, p.1656
?The Womanhood of West Africa: The Dawning of a New Day,? Elder?s Review, vol.9, Oct 1930
Biographical Studies:
C
romwell, A. M. An African Victorian Feminist: The Life together with Times of Adelaide Smith Casely Hayford 1868-1960 (London, 1986).
Okonkwo, Rina. "Adelaide Casely Hayford: Crusader for Women's Rights", Heroes of West African Nationalism (Enugu, 1985), pp.92-105.
Easmon, M. C. F. ?Auntie Dad: An Appreciation of the Late Adelaide Casely-Hayford of Sierra Leone,? West African Review, vol. 31, Apr 1960, pp.52-53.
Graves, Anna M. (ed.). Benvenuto Cellini Had No Prejudice against Bronze: Letters from West Africa (Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1943).
Source:http://diaspora.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/DiasporaX.woa/wa/displayArticle?atomid=901
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