Info For You Lot Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: Uncrowned Virile Somebody Monarch Of Due West Africa, Virile Somebody Nurture Of Ghana`S Nationalism, Pan-Africanist In Addition To The Founder Of The National Congress Of British Due West Africa
"We inwards this province sometimes arrive at non problem ourselves to await out too shout out upwards of the bully things exterior our world. There are thousands too thousands of our people correct over inwards America, who were carried away from our province years too years back. We may non attention to follow what they are doing, but sooner or later, nosotros shall stimulate got to know. Over at that spot our people are thinking, at that spot immature men are dreaming dreams too their maidens are seeing visions. They are suggesting to themselves that the fourth dimension has come upwards when they should stimulate got unopen to identify inwards their native dry ground of Africa." Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford, Gold Coast (Ghanaian) Nationalist, Pan-Africanist, celebrated lawyer too a journalist.
Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford, MBE, or Ekra-Agiman (29 September 1866–11 August 1930) was a greatest political thinker too a nationalist inwards W Africa. The Anomabo-born native of Fante extraction was a celebrated journalist, editor, author, lawyer, educator, too politico who supported pan-African nationalism.
George Padmore, the leading theorist of Pan-Africanism, regarded Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford equally "the greatest national political leader too social reformer" inwards West Africa earlier 1930. Many of his peers referred to him equally the "uncrowned Rex of West Africa." In fact, this human being tutored too mentored all the nationalist leaders inwards West Africa too unopen to role of Africa.
As intellectual heir to Edward Blyden (1832-1912), the Liberian-West Indian scholar too statesman, Casely Hayford transformed his mentor`s ideals concerning African unity into actual political activity. As a journalist, lawyer, too politician, he contributed to the evolution of Ghana`s political independence too socio-economic development. He was a link betwixt the old elite of the nineteenth century too the novel modern elite of the twentieth century, epitomizing the values too strengths of the West African coast intellectual, who stood equally equals to their European counterparts.
Casely Hayford is a native of Anomabo, an of import intellectual town from whose belly gave nativity to jacob-wilson-sey, dr-james-emman-kwegyir-aggrey, Kofi Annan too others. Casely Hayford was born inwards Cape Coast on September 29, 1866 to Reverend Joseph de Graft Hayford of Cape Coast Anona clan too Mrs. de Graft Hayford (Mary Ewarapa Brew) of Anomabo Anona clan, a at 1 time descendant of Brew identify unit of measurement original from Ireland.
Rev. Joseph de Graft Hayford (1840-1919), the patriarch who sired illustrious sons that changed Gold Coast too their generations soundless making ground-breaking accomplishments across the globe was a at 1 time descendant of Nana Egyir Ansah,the sixth Chief of Oguaa (Cape Coast). His manlike somebody raise was Rev James Hayford aka Kwamena Afuah (It was the shout out Afua that the British could non pronounce so they corrupted it into Hayford) too the his woman raise was Elizabeth,sister of Rev William De Graft, the human being who brought bibles to Gold Coast.
Rev De Graft Hayford too Mary had 4 famous sons, the eldest was Ernest_James_Hayford,the firstly Gold Coaster to go a physician (medical doctor), a celebrated lawyer too a prolific writer. He who was born inwards Anomabo inwards 1817 too died inwards 1857 inwards Britain.
The tertiary boy was the famous clergyman Rev Mark James Hayford whose boy was J._E._S._de_Graft-Hayford, the firstly indigenous Air Force Commander inwards Republic of Ghana too Black Sub-Saharan Africa. He was also acting Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) for a brief stream inwards 1962. Their lastly born was the niggling known Sydney Casely Hayford.
J due east Casely Hayford was the minute boy of his parents. As it is typical of Ghanaian ethnic Fantes, inwards improver to his European names, he was given the Fante names of Ekra Agyiman, which he rarely used. From his father, who had been 1 of the founders of the Fante Confederacy inwards the 1870s, for which he was imprisoned briefly, immature Joseph imbibed a strong feel of Fante nationalism.
Casely Hayfordf firstly married Beatrice Madeline Pinnock. Their boy Archie Casely-Hayford became a barrister, district magistrate too the firstly Minister of Agriculture too Natural Resources inwards the First Republic of Ghana. While lodging at a hostel for African bachelors inwards 1893 too studying at the Inner Temple, Hayford met Adelaide Smith. They later married, too she returned alongside him to Republic of Ghana inwards 1896 after he was received past times the bar. She became a prominent writer. Casely Hayford too Adelaide had solely 1 child, a daughter Gladys_Casely-Hayford who became 1 of West Africa`s firstly modern woman somebody poets (click here;http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/casely/casely.htm)
Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford`s matrimony to Beatrice Madelene (née Pinnock) also produced Archibald Casely-Hayford, a lawyer, Gold Coast nationalist too onetime Minister of Agriculture too Natural Resources inwards Ghana’s First Republic.
Archibald Casely-Hayford alongside a Kente textile sandwiched betwixt President Nixon`s married adult woman too unopen to other old lady, Nixon is standing correct side of his wife. He was the boy of J due east Casely Hayford too a lawyer, Gold Coast nationalist too onetime Minister of Agriculture too Natural Resources inwards Ghana’s First Republic. Circa 1957
Archibald Casely-Hayford too his married adult woman Essie had a son, Beattie_Casely-Hayford, who was a Ghanaian engineer. He was the firstly Director of the Republic of Ghana Arts Council, a co-founder of the Republic of Ghana National Dance Ensemble, too Director of the Republic of Ghana Broadcasting Corporation.
Beattie also had Leo, Sydney,Pinnock too others.
Casely Hayford has famous bully grand-children making him proud inwards his grave. They are:
- Gus_Casely-Hayford, British curator too cultural historian. The onetime Executive Director of Arts Strategy for Arts Council England.
In 2012 he was a Jury fellow member of the National Open Art Competition too the National Portrait Gallery BP Portrait Award. In 2013 he is the Chair of the Caine Prize.
Gus Casely Hayford, British curator too cultural historian, grandson of J due east Casely Hayford inwards Ghana.
- margaretcasely-hayford, General Counsel, Director of Legal Services too Company Secretary for the John Lewis Partnership, 1 of the UK’s top 10 retail businesses. She was the onetime solicitor for Chelsea FC
-Joe_Casely-Hayford, OBE, a celebrated British fashion designer.
And finally grand-son
Charlie_Casely-Hayford, a menswear designer based inwards London. He founded international menswear ready Casely-Hayford at the historic stream of 22 alongside his father, the acclaimed British fashion designer Joe Casely-Hayford OBE.
Charlie_Casely-Hayford, bully grandson of J due east Casely Hayford a menswear designer based inwards London
After completing his secondary instruction at the Wesleyan Boys High School inwards Cape Coast at nowadays Mfantsipim School, he traveled to Sierra Leone to attend Fourah Bay College, but he does non seem to stimulate got finished the requirements for the B.A. degree. When he returned to the Gold Coast, he served the Wesleyan church building equally the principal of 2 of its boys secondary schools,, first inwards Accra where he was dismissed from his seat at the schoolhouse for his political activism too so inwards Cape Coast.
In 1885 he began working equally a journalist for the Western Echo, which was owned past times his uncle James Hutton Brew (The pioneer of West African journalism) seehttps://haftshappenings.blogspot.com/search?q=origins-of-brew-name-in-ghana and http://brew.clients.ch/WAfrica.htm. By 1888 Casely Hayford was the editor, too he renamed the paper equally the the Gold Coast Echo. From 1890 to 1896 he was co-proprietor of the Gold Coast Chronicle. He also wrote articles for the Wesleyan Methodist Times. In expanse of journalism Casely Hayford too his uncle Hutton Brew are soundless beingness researched for who genuinely authored a ground-breaking too best-selling colonial novel "Marita, Or, The folly of Love: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 novel past times a Native" which also appeared equally an article inwards Western Echo paper inwards 1886. see(http://books.google.com.gh/books?id)
After having career inwards journalism for unopen to time, Casely Hayford became interested inwards police push clit too became articled to a European lawyer inwards Cape Coast. In 1893, he went to London, where he entered the Inner Temple to report law. At the same time, he also studied economic science too police push clit equally a non-collegiate pupil inwards Cambridge. He was called to the bar inwards 1896. That year, he returned alongside his minute married adult woman adelaide-casely-hayford- to Gold Coast (Ghana)
He set upwards his chambers inwards Cape Coast, establishing a busy too lucrative practice, which he later moved to Axim too Sekondi. He also continued his piece of job equally a journalist, editing the Gold Coast Leader. In 1904, he helped found the Mfantsipim School.
Shortly after Casely Hayford returned to the Gold Coast, the Lands Bill of 1897 motivated the traditional leaders too the educated elite to bring together forces inwards organizing the Aborigines Rights Protection Society (ARPS) to protect their rights inwards dry ground utilisation too ownership. Its rattling shout out underscored its cultural too political orientation. The novel guild organized a serial of world demonstrations against the nib and, inwards 1898, commissioned a deputation of 3 wealthy merchants to go to England to pose its instance against the Lands Bill earlier the Colonial Office. When the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, assured the deputation that he agreed that "native police push clit shall stay too prevail" alongside regard to the devolution of land, the ARPS claimed an of import victory.
This early on success, however, proved to live the high H2O grade inwards its activities equally a political involvement group.Meanwhile, Casely Hayford, together alongside his relative, John_Mensah_Sarbah (1864-1910), the distinguished Fante statesman, lawyer too 1 of the architects of Ghana`s independence struggles, produced much of the scholarly writing elucidating the traditional structures too beliefs of the indigenous states. In Gold Coast Native Institutions, originally prepared equally the brief for the Lands Bill deputation too published inwards 1903, Casely Hayford carefully delineated the basic social, political too economical institutions of the peoples of the Gold Coast, stressing the inherent democratic nature of indigenous institutions equally a witting contribution to the political debate. When Sarbah all of a precipitous died inwards 1910, he succeeded John Mensah Sarbah equally president of the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society, the firstly anti-colonial organisation founded inwards the Gold Coast
While visiting London to protestation the Forest Ordinance of 1911 he was role of a grouping that gave fiscal assistance to Dusé Mohamed Ali to acquire his African Times too Orient Review off the ground. Others were Francis T. Dove too C. W. Betts from Sierra Leone too Dr. Oguntola Sapara from Lagos. Casely Hayford was also heavily involved inwards the political motion for African emancipation. He participated inwards Booker T. Washington's International Conference on the Negro inwards 1912, too his correspondence alongside Washington fostered the pan-African motion inwards both Africa too the United States.
Moreover, he emphasized the complexity of local cultural too political forms, hammering habitation the betoken that the British were dealing alongside a highly sophisticated grouping of peoples, non the "savage too primitive" peoples of their imagination. He argued that indigenous institutions were highly adaptable too receptive to modernity, too hence potentially useful for evolution too progress. In addition, he published other works, but apart from Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound, they to a greater extent than oft than non reiterate the declaration made inwards Native Institutions. In 1916, the colonial authorities publicly acknowledged Casely Hayford`s influence inwards local politics past times nominating him to serve inwards the Legislative Council, a post he held until the novel constitution was introduced inwards 1925. In the elections that followed, he was elected equally the fellow member for Sekondi-Takoradi, which he remained until his expiry inwards 1930.
For much of his career inwards the legislature, he served equally the leader of the unofficial educated members, but faced rigid opposition from unopen to of the traditional rulers, headed past times Ofori Atta I (1881-1943) of Akim Abuakwa. But inwards 1929, the 2 leaders were reconciled too thereafter, Casely Hayford too the traditional rulers cooperated inwards the pursuit of political reform too social justice. In addition, he served on a number of authorities commissions too equally a fellow member of the Board of Education.
As a legislator too equally a fellow member of the various commissions, he worked tirelessly to ensure the protection of indigenous rights too prerogatives equally good equally to contribute to modern evolution plans, peculiarly those that related to political reform, education, too economical life. Throughout his lifetime, Casely Hayford was active inwards the press, which served equally an of import base of operations for the dissemination of his ideas. He was involved alongside several newspapers, but solely the Gold Coast Leader, published from 1902 to 1934, proved to live feasible for whatsoever length of time. Like Herbert Macaulay inwards Nigeria, he believed that the press was a critical establishment for promoting an indigenous civic guild too he used it equally an musical instrument for delineating his political platform too furthering his organizational strategy.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 disciple of Edward Blyden, Casely Hayford was an fifty-fifty to a greater extent than forceful proponent of the thought of West African unity. Whereas Blyden`s ideas remained ethereal too undefined, Casely Hayford articulated a clear-cut computer program of regional unification. In 1911, he elucidated his Pan-African philosophy inwards Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound, a thinly veiled autobiographical novel inwards which the hero was a lawyer too nationalist agitator, who ruminated on the dilemmas of modernity too the evils of racism too European Christian hypocrisy. In this work, he set out the importance of retaining the best of indigenous institutions, of preserving primal laws too customs that defined national consciousness.
Advocating the unification of the 4 English-speaking colonies inwards a West African Dominion, he outlined a constitution that recognized the principles of elective representation too African nationality. Fully aware of contemporary Pan-Africanism inwards the United States, Casely Hayford made it clear that he differed from African American thinking on this issue. He was to a greater extent than African-oriented culturally, to a greater extent than universal inwards his handling of race questions, too specifically concerned alongside the thought of a West African cultural too political community which embraced, amid other things, a West African church building too a West African university. Driving habitation this point, he argued that African Americans, equally a termination of their wholesale assimilation into American culture, were disqualified from assuming the role of political mentors to Africans. Initiative for African evolution too change, he insisted, must come upwards from "cultured West Africans" familiar alongside local politics too environment. Later, he seems to stimulate got go a niggling to a greater extent than tolerant of exterior agency, but nevertheless, he soundless maintained that potential immigrants, if allowed to settle inwards Africa, must select local jurisdiction.
At the get-go of World War I, Casely Hayford too unopen to of his colleagues initiated discussions close the demand to cast a united British West African forepart for the purposes of gaining widespread structural reforms too greater local autonomy when the state of war ended. They derived their organizational ideology too tactics from various sources: traditional African ideas of independence, developing local ideas of modernity, the National Congress of India, the Wilsonian ideas of self-determination too democracy, too contemporary anti-colonial reformers inwards Britain. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) greatly inspired Casely Hayford`s thinking. In addition, he was familiar alongside the organizations too ideas of Marcus Garvey too W. E. B. DuBois, but jealously guarded the correct of Africans to speak on their ain behalf.
After prolonged word too correspondence, unopen to of which took identify inside the pages of the West African newspapers, leaders of the educated elites of the 4 British West African colonies came together inwards 1920 inwards Accra, where they inaugurated the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA). Historians of West African political history regard the NCBWA equally the watershed of modern political activity inwards West Africa. Although the colonial authorities tried to downplay the influence of the novel organization, at that spot is no dubiety that subsequent political too educational reforms took the shape originally promulgated past times the NCBWA.
Members of the National Congress of British West Africa who visited London inwards 1920.
From "The Revolutionary Years", past times J. B. Webster too A. A. Boahen, M. Tidy, 192
The NCBWA's had its firstly meeting, at the Rogers (African) Club inwards Accra from eleven to 29 March 1920, too was hailed past times West Africa mag equally the "beginning of a novel era" (3 Apr 1920). It was attended past times fifty-two delegates: forty-two from the Gold Coast itself; vi from Nigeria; 3 from Sierra Leone; too 1 from the Gambia. Most delegates were members of the Western-educated coastal elite, drawn from law, medicine, journalism, too business. Casely Hayford too Thomas Hutton-Mills, who was also a Gold Coast lawyer, gave the opening addresses. During the initiatory conference, topics discussed included education, African self-determination, commerce, banking, too shipping. Here is excerpt of Speech past times J. E. Casely Hayford at the Founding Conference of the National Congress of British West Africa inwards Accra, Gold Coast, ca. eleven March 1920
"Then 1 time again at that spot is the enquiry of Commercial Expansion. We inwards this province sometimes arrive at non problem ourselves to await out too shout out upwards of the bully things exterior our world. There are thousands too thousands of our people correct over inwards America, who were carried away from our province years too years back. We may non attention to follow what they are doing, but sooner or later, nosotros shall stimulate got to know. Over at that spot our people are thinking, at that spot immature men are dreaming dreams too their maidens are seeing visions. They are suggesting to themselves that the fourth dimension has come upwards when they should stimulate got unopen to identify inwards their native dry ground of Africa. I empathise that a bully Society has been formed at that spot called the Universal Negro Improvement Association, too they stimulate got launched out a ship. Probably inwards course of instruction of fourth dimension unopen to of their ships may come upwards our way. I think, Ladies too Gentlemen, that it volition non live out of identify for us to encourage them to come upwards amid us inwards monastic say that they may essay too ready coin equally all others are doing. But the limited ground why I convey this forwards to-night is that they stimulate got no thought of our local circumstances too conditions. They stimulate got no thought of our laws too institutions, nor equally to our rights of property, too they may seek to acquire into touching on alongside us past times unopen to channels that are non the correct ones. Therefore I appeal to yous immature gentlemen, leaders of thought inwards West Africa, peculiarly to you, the Delegates of this Conference, that yous should so steer our men too so influence them inwards constitutional methods that they may know that although they went from this country, nosotros who remained on this soil stimulate got known amend too empathise the relations that be betwixt the Government too the governed, so that if they wish to come upwards dorsum too bask the milk too dear of their native dry ground they may arrive at so inwards a correct too constitutional manner."
He represented the Congress inwards London inwards 1920, to demand constitutional reforms from the colonial secretary, too address the League of Nations Union, but was criticized for accepting inadequate concessions from the British. He became the firstly patron of the West African Students' Union in 1925.
By 1920, Casely Hayford dominated elite politics inwards the Gold Coast equally good equally inwards the NCBWA. After the introduction of elective representation too the subsequent emergence of political parties, his influence began to wane. Nevertheless, his untimely expiry inwards 1930 became the occasion of many tributes too hagiographic assessments of his career. Since then, biographical writing has continued to emphasize his heroic qualities equally 1 of the founding fathers of the Ghanaian nation. it is regrettable to say that The National Congress was dissolved shortly after Casely Hayford's expiry inwards 1930, however,many West Africans, Africans too the the world at large learned from this bully boy of Anomabo too Ghana.
Casely Hayford's novel ethiopia-unbound (see here:http://books.google.com.gh/books?id) is 1 of the firstly novels inwards English linguistic communication past times an African. It has been cited equally the earliest pan-African fiction.The novel is set inwards both Africa too England. It relies on philosophical debates betwixt an African too his English linguistic communication friend, equally good equally references to contemporary African events too ancient African history, to supply a context for its exploration of African identity too the combat for emancipation.
Bibliography
Casely Hayford?s Speeches too Writings Casely Hayford, J. E. Gold Coast Native Institutions.
With Thoughts upon a Healthy Imperial Policy for the Gold Coast too Ashanti (London: Sweet too Maxwell, 1903).
Casely Hayford, J. E. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound: Studies inwards Race Emancipation (London: Frank Cass, 1969, firstly published inwards 1911)
C
asely Hayford, J. E. The Truth close the West African Land Question (London: C. M. Phillips, 1913)
Casely Hayford, J. E. United West Africa (London: F. T. Phillips, 1919).Sampson, Magnus J. (ed.).
West African Leadership: Public Speeches Delivered past times J. E. Casely-Hayford, M.E.E., M.L.C. (London: Frank Cass, 1969; firstly published inwards 1949)
Biographical Accounts
Ephson, Isaac S. Gallery of Gold Coast Celebrities 1632-1958 (Accra: Ilen Publications Ltd., 1969), pp. 89-92.
Ofosu-Appiah, L. H. Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: The Man of Vision too Faith (Accra-Tema: Republic of Ghana Publishing Corporation for the Republic of Ghana Academy of Arts too Science, 1975).
Sampson, Magnus J. Gold Coast Men of Affairs (London: Dawsons, 1937).Sampson, Magnus J. Makers of Modern Ghana, vol.1 (Accra: Anowuo Educational Publications), pp.131-142.
Ugonna, F. Nnabuenyi. ?Introduction,? inwards J. E. Casely Hayford, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound: Studies inwards Race Emancipation (London: Frank Cass, 1969).
Political History
Kimble, David. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Political History of Ghana, 1850-1957 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).
Langley, J. Ayodele. Pan-Africanism too Nationalism inwards West Africa 1900-1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973).
Source:http://diaspora.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/DiasporaX.woa/wa/displayArticle?atomid=900
Michael G Hanchard, Article Author
After World War I, at that spot was an insurgence of political movements inwards West Africa, an unintended outcome of the rising of a Western educated, indigenous elite. The National Congress of British West Africa was founded inwards 1920 past times J.Casely Hayford, a Ghanaian lawyer educated inwards Republic of Ghana too London. Patterned inwards role on the formation of the Indian National Congress, which sought independence from Great Britain through national self-determination, the Congress's leadership broadened the concept of nationalism to encompass all West African colonies nether British rule. Thus Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria too ultimately the Gold Coast (Ghana) were brought nether the nationalist rubric of the Congress.
The Congress leadership desired "a multi-national West African province controlled past times an elite drawn from all ethnic groups" (Webster, 1971). This opinion of the Congress leadership was inwards stark contrast to British colonial policy, which sought to emphasize ethnic differences inside too betwixt colonies inwards monastic say to bound the prospect of political alliances betwixt ethnic groups. British dominion too racism against Africans was seen equally a commonality amid various groups divided past times language, civilization too territory.
Hayford "advocated a united West Africa which he later saw equally a prelude to the union of the whole of Africa too of the dark race." (Boahen, 1975;126). He had genuinely begun piece of job towards creating a Congress inwards 1913. His brother, Rev. Mark Hayford, was role of the delegation of the Aboriginal Rights Protection Society that attended the 1912 conference at Tuskegee convened past times Booker T. Washington (possible linkage for unopen to other entry). Hayford would after set about correspondence alongside Washington too later both Marcus Garvey too W.E.B. DuBois.
The Congress journal, The British West African National Review, provided data on Congress aims too activities. The congress met alongside pregnant opposition, however, from 2 distinct but related sources. First, the British authorities sought to frustrate the congress at every turn. Although the piece of job of the congress was ultimately conservative, inwards the feel that it was elite-driven too concerned alongside maintaining expert relations alongside Britain, its existence also threatened British rule. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 minute line of antagonists towards the congress were traditional chiefs, who saw the prospects of their ain futurity ability too influence inwards Ghanaian guild diminished past times a Congress led past times a Western educated but nonetheless Ghanaian elite.
Consequently, the Ashanti chieftancy, most notably Ofori Atta, too the British officials oft collaborated to undermine the effectiveness of the Congress' attempts at broadening its pop too organizational base of operations past times tilt that the organization's efforts were attempting to erode traditional values too institutions of indigenous life. Casely Hayford's expiry effectively brought an destination to the congress, fifty-fifty though its political effectiveness had long been undermined past times its ideology too internal dissension. The adjacent era of Pan-African nationalists were to a greater extent than radical inwards their aims for territorial independence from European colonizers although ironically, many of the English-speaking onetime colonies of Great Britain stay members of the British Commonwealth to the nowadays day.
Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford
Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford, MBE, or Ekra-Agiman (29 September 1866–11 August 1930) was a greatest political thinker too a nationalist inwards W Africa. The Anomabo-born native of Fante extraction was a celebrated journalist, editor, author, lawyer, educator, too politico who supported pan-African nationalism.
George Padmore, the leading theorist of Pan-Africanism, regarded Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford equally "the greatest national political leader too social reformer" inwards West Africa earlier 1930. Many of his peers referred to him equally the "uncrowned Rex of West Africa." In fact, this human being tutored too mentored all the nationalist leaders inwards West Africa too unopen to role of Africa.
As intellectual heir to Edward Blyden (1832-1912), the Liberian-West Indian scholar too statesman, Casely Hayford transformed his mentor`s ideals concerning African unity into actual political activity. As a journalist, lawyer, too politician, he contributed to the evolution of Ghana`s political independence too socio-economic development. He was a link betwixt the old elite of the nineteenth century too the novel modern elite of the twentieth century, epitomizing the values too strengths of the West African coast intellectual, who stood equally equals to their European counterparts.
J. E. Casely-Hayford, founder of the National Congress of British West Africa.
Image from "Africa too Unity", past times V.B. Thompson Humanities, 1969.
Rev. Joseph de Graft Hayford (1840-1919), manlike somebody raise of J due east Casely Hayford
Rev. Joseph de Graft Hayford (1840-1919), the patriarch who sired illustrious sons that changed Gold Coast too their generations soundless making ground-breaking accomplishments across the globe was a at 1 time descendant of Nana Egyir Ansah,the sixth Chief of Oguaa (Cape Coast). His manlike somebody raise was Rev James Hayford aka Kwamena Afuah (It was the shout out Afua that the British could non pronounce so they corrupted it into Hayford) too the his woman raise was Elizabeth,sister of Rev William De Graft, the human being who brought bibles to Gold Coast.
Rev De Graft Hayford too Mary had 4 famous sons, the eldest was Ernest_James_Hayford,the firstly Gold Coaster to go a physician (medical doctor), a celebrated lawyer too a prolific writer. He who was born inwards Anomabo inwards 1817 too died inwards 1857 inwards Britain.
Rev Mark James Hayford, blood brother of J due east Casely Cayford
The tertiary boy was the famous clergyman Rev Mark James Hayford whose boy was J._E._S._de_Graft-Hayford, the firstly indigenous Air Force Commander inwards Republic of Ghana too Black Sub-Saharan Africa. He was also acting Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) for a brief stream inwards 1962. Their lastly born was the niggling known Sydney Casely Hayford.
J due east Casely Hayford was the minute boy of his parents. As it is typical of Ghanaian ethnic Fantes, inwards improver to his European names, he was given the Fante names of Ekra Agyiman, which he rarely used. From his father, who had been 1 of the founders of the Fante Confederacy inwards the 1870s, for which he was imprisoned briefly, immature Joseph imbibed a strong feel of Fante nationalism.
Casely Hayfordf firstly married Beatrice Madeline Pinnock. Their boy Archie Casely-Hayford became a barrister, district magistrate too the firstly Minister of Agriculture too Natural Resources inwards the First Republic of Ghana. While lodging at a hostel for African bachelors inwards 1893 too studying at the Inner Temple, Hayford met Adelaide Smith. They later married, too she returned alongside him to Republic of Ghana inwards 1896 after he was received past times the bar. She became a prominent writer. Casely Hayford too Adelaide had solely 1 child, a daughter Gladys_Casely-Hayford who became 1 of West Africa`s firstly modern woman somebody poets (click here;http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/casely/casely.htm)
Gladys May Casely Hayford is the firstly Gold Coast (Ghanaian) woman somebody poet/writer. She was the immature lady of the fante-Gold coast nationalist too solicitor too author J due east Casely Hayford too Adelaide Casely Hayford.She was born inwards 1904 too died inwards 1950.
Archibald Casely-Hayford alongside a Kente textile sandwiched betwixt President Nixon`s married adult woman too unopen to other old lady, Nixon is standing correct side of his wife. He was the boy of J due east Casely Hayford too a lawyer, Gold Coast nationalist too onetime Minister of Agriculture too Natural Resources inwards Ghana’s First Republic. Circa 1957
Archibald Casely-Hayford too his married adult woman Essie had a son, Beattie_Casely-Hayford, who was a Ghanaian engineer. He was the firstly Director of the Republic of Ghana Arts Council, a co-founder of the Republic of Ghana National Dance Ensemble, too Director of the Republic of Ghana Broadcasting Corporation.
Beattie Casely Hayford, grandson of J due east Casely Hayford
Beattie also had Leo, Sydney,Pinnock too others.
Casely Hayford has famous bully grand-children making him proud inwards his grave. They are:
- Gus_Casely-Hayford, British curator too cultural historian. The onetime Executive Director of Arts Strategy for Arts Council England.
Gus Casely Hayford, British curator too cultural historian, grandson of J due east Casely Hayford inwards Ghana.
- margaretcasely-hayford, General Counsel, Director of Legal Services too Company Secretary for the John Lewis Partnership, 1 of the UK’s top 10 retail businesses. She was the onetime solicitor for Chelsea FC
Lawyer Margaret Casely-Hayford, granddaugther of J due east Casely Hayford too manager of legal services at the John Lewis Partnership.
-Joe_Casely-Hayford, OBE, a celebrated British fashion designer.
fashion-designer-joe-casely-hayford-a-master-of-the-old-and-new, grandson of J due east Casely Hayford
And finally grand-son
Charlie_Casely-Hayford, a menswear designer based inwards London. He founded international menswear ready Casely-Hayford at the historic stream of 22 alongside his father, the acclaimed British fashion designer Joe Casely-Hayford OBE.
Charlie_Casely-Hayford, bully grandson of J due east Casely Hayford a menswear designer based inwards London
After completing his secondary instruction at the Wesleyan Boys High School inwards Cape Coast at nowadays Mfantsipim School, he traveled to Sierra Leone to attend Fourah Bay College, but he does non seem to stimulate got finished the requirements for the B.A. degree. When he returned to the Gold Coast, he served the Wesleyan church building equally the principal of 2 of its boys secondary schools,, first inwards Accra where he was dismissed from his seat at the schoolhouse for his political activism too so inwards Cape Coast.
In 1885 he began working equally a journalist for the Western Echo, which was owned past times his uncle James Hutton Brew (The pioneer of West African journalism) seehttps://haftshappenings.blogspot.com/search?q=origins-of-brew-name-in-ghana and http://brew.clients.ch/WAfrica.htm. By 1888 Casely Hayford was the editor, too he renamed the paper equally the the Gold Coast Echo. From 1890 to 1896 he was co-proprietor of the Gold Coast Chronicle. He also wrote articles for the Wesleyan Methodist Times. In expanse of journalism Casely Hayford too his uncle Hutton Brew are soundless beingness researched for who genuinely authored a ground-breaking too best-selling colonial novel "Marita, Or, The folly of Love: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 novel past times a Native" which also appeared equally an article inwards Western Echo paper inwards 1886. see(http://books.google.com.gh/books?id)
After having career inwards journalism for unopen to time, Casely Hayford became interested inwards police push clit too became articled to a European lawyer inwards Cape Coast. In 1893, he went to London, where he entered the Inner Temple to report law. At the same time, he also studied economic science too police push clit equally a non-collegiate pupil inwards Cambridge. He was called to the bar inwards 1896. That year, he returned alongside his minute married adult woman adelaide-casely-hayford- to Gold Coast (Ghana)
Mrs. Adelaide Casely Hayford minute married adult woman of J due east Casely Hayford. the Great Gold Coast Pan Africanist too celebrated lawyer, at the fourth dimension of her marriage.Image from "An African Victorian Feminist", past times Adelaide M. Cromwell. Frank Cass, London, 1986.
He set upwards his chambers inwards Cape Coast, establishing a busy too lucrative practice, which he later moved to Axim too Sekondi. He also continued his piece of job equally a journalist, editing the Gold Coast Leader. In 1904, he helped found the Mfantsipim School.
Shortly after Casely Hayford returned to the Gold Coast, the Lands Bill of 1897 motivated the traditional leaders too the educated elite to bring together forces inwards organizing the Aborigines Rights Protection Society (ARPS) to protect their rights inwards dry ground utilisation too ownership. Its rattling shout out underscored its cultural too political orientation. The novel guild organized a serial of world demonstrations against the nib and, inwards 1898, commissioned a deputation of 3 wealthy merchants to go to England to pose its instance against the Lands Bill earlier the Colonial Office. When the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, assured the deputation that he agreed that "native police push clit shall stay too prevail" alongside regard to the devolution of land, the ARPS claimed an of import victory.
This early on success, however, proved to live the high H2O grade inwards its activities equally a political involvement group.Meanwhile, Casely Hayford, together alongside his relative, John_Mensah_Sarbah (1864-1910), the distinguished Fante statesman, lawyer too 1 of the architects of Ghana`s independence struggles, produced much of the scholarly writing elucidating the traditional structures too beliefs of the indigenous states. In Gold Coast Native Institutions, originally prepared equally the brief for the Lands Bill deputation too published inwards 1903, Casely Hayford carefully delineated the basic social, political too economical institutions of the peoples of the Gold Coast, stressing the inherent democratic nature of indigenous institutions equally a witting contribution to the political debate. When Sarbah all of a precipitous died inwards 1910, he succeeded John Mensah Sarbah equally president of the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society, the firstly anti-colonial organisation founded inwards the Gold Coast
While visiting London to protestation the Forest Ordinance of 1911 he was role of a grouping that gave fiscal assistance to Dusé Mohamed Ali to acquire his African Times too Orient Review off the ground. Others were Francis T. Dove too C. W. Betts from Sierra Leone too Dr. Oguntola Sapara from Lagos. Casely Hayford was also heavily involved inwards the political motion for African emancipation. He participated inwards Booker T. Washington's International Conference on the Negro inwards 1912, too his correspondence alongside Washington fostered the pan-African motion inwards both Africa too the United States.
Moreover, he emphasized the complexity of local cultural too political forms, hammering habitation the betoken that the British were dealing alongside a highly sophisticated grouping of peoples, non the "savage too primitive" peoples of their imagination. He argued that indigenous institutions were highly adaptable too receptive to modernity, too hence potentially useful for evolution too progress. In addition, he published other works, but apart from Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound, they to a greater extent than oft than non reiterate the declaration made inwards Native Institutions. In 1916, the colonial authorities publicly acknowledged Casely Hayford`s influence inwards local politics past times nominating him to serve inwards the Legislative Council, a post he held until the novel constitution was introduced inwards 1925. In the elections that followed, he was elected equally the fellow member for Sekondi-Takoradi, which he remained until his expiry inwards 1930.
For much of his career inwards the legislature, he served equally the leader of the unofficial educated members, but faced rigid opposition from unopen to of the traditional rulers, headed past times Ofori Atta I (1881-1943) of Akim Abuakwa. But inwards 1929, the 2 leaders were reconciled too thereafter, Casely Hayford too the traditional rulers cooperated inwards the pursuit of political reform too social justice. In addition, he served on a number of authorities commissions too equally a fellow member of the Board of Education.
As a legislator too equally a fellow member of the various commissions, he worked tirelessly to ensure the protection of indigenous rights too prerogatives equally good equally to contribute to modern evolution plans, peculiarly those that related to political reform, education, too economical life. Throughout his lifetime, Casely Hayford was active inwards the press, which served equally an of import base of operations for the dissemination of his ideas. He was involved alongside several newspapers, but solely the Gold Coast Leader, published from 1902 to 1934, proved to live feasible for whatsoever length of time. Like Herbert Macaulay inwards Nigeria, he believed that the press was a critical establishment for promoting an indigenous civic guild too he used it equally an musical instrument for delineating his political platform too furthering his organizational strategy.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 disciple of Edward Blyden, Casely Hayford was an fifty-fifty to a greater extent than forceful proponent of the thought of West African unity. Whereas Blyden`s ideas remained ethereal too undefined, Casely Hayford articulated a clear-cut computer program of regional unification. In 1911, he elucidated his Pan-African philosophy inwards Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound, a thinly veiled autobiographical novel inwards which the hero was a lawyer too nationalist agitator, who ruminated on the dilemmas of modernity too the evils of racism too European Christian hypocrisy. In this work, he set out the importance of retaining the best of indigenous institutions, of preserving primal laws too customs that defined national consciousness.
Advocating the unification of the 4 English-speaking colonies inwards a West African Dominion, he outlined a constitution that recognized the principles of elective representation too African nationality. Fully aware of contemporary Pan-Africanism inwards the United States, Casely Hayford made it clear that he differed from African American thinking on this issue. He was to a greater extent than African-oriented culturally, to a greater extent than universal inwards his handling of race questions, too specifically concerned alongside the thought of a West African cultural too political community which embraced, amid other things, a West African church building too a West African university. Driving habitation this point, he argued that African Americans, equally a termination of their wholesale assimilation into American culture, were disqualified from assuming the role of political mentors to Africans. Initiative for African evolution too change, he insisted, must come upwards from "cultured West Africans" familiar alongside local politics too environment. Later, he seems to stimulate got go a niggling to a greater extent than tolerant of exterior agency, but nevertheless, he soundless maintained that potential immigrants, if allowed to settle inwards Africa, must select local jurisdiction.
At the get-go of World War I, Casely Hayford too unopen to of his colleagues initiated discussions close the demand to cast a united British West African forepart for the purposes of gaining widespread structural reforms too greater local autonomy when the state of war ended. They derived their organizational ideology too tactics from various sources: traditional African ideas of independence, developing local ideas of modernity, the National Congress of India, the Wilsonian ideas of self-determination too democracy, too contemporary anti-colonial reformers inwards Britain. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) greatly inspired Casely Hayford`s thinking. In addition, he was familiar alongside the organizations too ideas of Marcus Garvey too W. E. B. DuBois, but jealously guarded the correct of Africans to speak on their ain behalf.
After prolonged word too correspondence, unopen to of which took identify inside the pages of the West African newspapers, leaders of the educated elites of the 4 British West African colonies came together inwards 1920 inwards Accra, where they inaugurated the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA). Historians of West African political history regard the NCBWA equally the watershed of modern political activity inwards West Africa. Although the colonial authorities tried to downplay the influence of the novel organization, at that spot is no dubiety that subsequent political too educational reforms took the shape originally promulgated past times the NCBWA.
Members of the National Congress of British West Africa who visited London inwards 1920.
From "The Revolutionary Years", past times J. B. Webster too A. A. Boahen, M. Tidy, 192
The NCBWA's had its firstly meeting, at the Rogers (African) Club inwards Accra from eleven to 29 March 1920, too was hailed past times West Africa mag equally the "beginning of a novel era" (3 Apr 1920). It was attended past times fifty-two delegates: forty-two from the Gold Coast itself; vi from Nigeria; 3 from Sierra Leone; too 1 from the Gambia. Most delegates were members of the Western-educated coastal elite, drawn from law, medicine, journalism, too business. Casely Hayford too Thomas Hutton-Mills, who was also a Gold Coast lawyer, gave the opening addresses. During the initiatory conference, topics discussed included education, African self-determination, commerce, banking, too shipping. Here is excerpt of Speech past times J. E. Casely Hayford at the Founding Conference of the National Congress of British West Africa inwards Accra, Gold Coast, ca. eleven March 1920
"Then 1 time again at that spot is the enquiry of Commercial Expansion. We inwards this province sometimes arrive at non problem ourselves to await out too shout out upwards of the bully things exterior our world. There are thousands too thousands of our people correct over inwards America, who were carried away from our province years too years back. We may non attention to follow what they are doing, but sooner or later, nosotros shall stimulate got to know. Over at that spot our people are thinking, at that spot immature men are dreaming dreams too their maidens are seeing visions. They are suggesting to themselves that the fourth dimension has come upwards when they should stimulate got unopen to identify inwards their native dry ground of Africa. I empathise that a bully Society has been formed at that spot called the Universal Negro Improvement Association, too they stimulate got launched out a ship. Probably inwards course of instruction of fourth dimension unopen to of their ships may come upwards our way. I think, Ladies too Gentlemen, that it volition non live out of identify for us to encourage them to come upwards amid us inwards monastic say that they may essay too ready coin equally all others are doing. But the limited ground why I convey this forwards to-night is that they stimulate got no thought of our local circumstances too conditions. They stimulate got no thought of our laws too institutions, nor equally to our rights of property, too they may seek to acquire into touching on alongside us past times unopen to channels that are non the correct ones. Therefore I appeal to yous immature gentlemen, leaders of thought inwards West Africa, peculiarly to you, the Delegates of this Conference, that yous should so steer our men too so influence them inwards constitutional methods that they may know that although they went from this country, nosotros who remained on this soil stimulate got known amend too empathise the relations that be betwixt the Government too the governed, so that if they wish to come upwards dorsum too bask the milk too dear of their native dry ground they may arrive at so inwards a correct too constitutional manner."
He represented the Congress inwards London inwards 1920, to demand constitutional reforms from the colonial secretary, too address the League of Nations Union, but was criticized for accepting inadequate concessions from the British. He became the firstly patron of the West African Students' Union in 1925.
By 1920, Casely Hayford dominated elite politics inwards the Gold Coast equally good equally inwards the NCBWA. After the introduction of elective representation too the subsequent emergence of political parties, his influence began to wane. Nevertheless, his untimely expiry inwards 1930 became the occasion of many tributes too hagiographic assessments of his career. Since then, biographical writing has continued to emphasize his heroic qualities equally 1 of the founding fathers of the Ghanaian nation. it is regrettable to say that The National Congress was dissolved shortly after Casely Hayford's expiry inwards 1930, however,many West Africans, Africans too the the world at large learned from this bully boy of Anomabo too Ghana.
Casely Hayford's novel ethiopia-unbound (see here:http://books.google.com.gh/books?id) is 1 of the firstly novels inwards English linguistic communication past times an African. It has been cited equally the earliest pan-African fiction.The novel is set inwards both Africa too England. It relies on philosophical debates betwixt an African too his English linguistic communication friend, equally good equally references to contemporary African events too ancient African history, to supply a context for its exploration of African identity too the combat for emancipation.
Bibliography
Casely Hayford?s Speeches too Writings Casely Hayford, J. E. Gold Coast Native Institutions.
With Thoughts upon a Healthy Imperial Policy for the Gold Coast too Ashanti (London: Sweet too Maxwell, 1903).
Casely Hayford, J. E. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound: Studies inwards Race Emancipation (London: Frank Cass, 1969, firstly published inwards 1911)
C
asely Hayford, J. E. The Truth close the West African Land Question (London: C. M. Phillips, 1913)
Casely Hayford, J. E. United West Africa (London: F. T. Phillips, 1919).Sampson, Magnus J. (ed.).
West African Leadership: Public Speeches Delivered past times J. E. Casely-Hayford, M.E.E., M.L.C. (London: Frank Cass, 1969; firstly published inwards 1949)
Biographical Accounts
Ephson, Isaac S. Gallery of Gold Coast Celebrities 1632-1958 (Accra: Ilen Publications Ltd., 1969), pp. 89-92.
Ofosu-Appiah, L. H. Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: The Man of Vision too Faith (Accra-Tema: Republic of Ghana Publishing Corporation for the Republic of Ghana Academy of Arts too Science, 1975).
Sampson, Magnus J. Gold Coast Men of Affairs (London: Dawsons, 1937).Sampson, Magnus J. Makers of Modern Ghana, vol.1 (Accra: Anowuo Educational Publications), pp.131-142.
Ugonna, F. Nnabuenyi. ?Introduction,? inwards J. E. Casely Hayford, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Unbound: Studies inwards Race Emancipation (London: Frank Cass, 1969).
Political History
Kimble, David. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Political History of Ghana, 1850-1957 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).
Langley, J. Ayodele. Pan-Africanism too Nationalism inwards West Africa 1900-1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973).
Source:http://diaspora.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/DiasporaX.woa/wa/displayArticle?atomid=900
The National Congress of British West Africa |
Regional Mobilization too an emergent Pan-African consciousness |
After World War I, at that spot was an insurgence of political movements inwards West Africa, an unintended outcome of the rising of a Western educated, indigenous elite. The National Congress of British West Africa was founded inwards 1920 past times J.Casely Hayford, a Ghanaian lawyer educated inwards Republic of Ghana too London. Patterned inwards role on the formation of the Indian National Congress, which sought independence from Great Britain through national self-determination, the Congress's leadership broadened the concept of nationalism to encompass all West African colonies nether British rule. Thus Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria too ultimately the Gold Coast (Ghana) were brought nether the nationalist rubric of the Congress.
The Congress leadership desired "a multi-national West African province controlled past times an elite drawn from all ethnic groups" (Webster, 1971). This opinion of the Congress leadership was inwards stark contrast to British colonial policy, which sought to emphasize ethnic differences inside too betwixt colonies inwards monastic say to bound the prospect of political alliances betwixt ethnic groups. British dominion too racism against Africans was seen equally a commonality amid various groups divided past times language, civilization too territory.
Hayford "advocated a united West Africa which he later saw equally a prelude to the union of the whole of Africa too of the dark race." (Boahen, 1975;126). He had genuinely begun piece of job towards creating a Congress inwards 1913. His brother, Rev. Mark Hayford, was role of the delegation of the Aboriginal Rights Protection Society that attended the 1912 conference at Tuskegee convened past times Booker T. Washington (possible linkage for unopen to other entry). Hayford would after set about correspondence alongside Washington too later both Marcus Garvey too W.E.B. DuBois.
The Congress journal, The British West African National Review, provided data on Congress aims too activities. The congress met alongside pregnant opposition, however, from 2 distinct but related sources. First, the British authorities sought to frustrate the congress at every turn. Although the piece of job of the congress was ultimately conservative, inwards the feel that it was elite-driven too concerned alongside maintaining expert relations alongside Britain, its existence also threatened British rule. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 minute line of antagonists towards the congress were traditional chiefs, who saw the prospects of their ain futurity ability too influence inwards Ghanaian guild diminished past times a Congress led past times a Western educated but nonetheless Ghanaian elite.
Consequently, the Ashanti chieftancy, most notably Ofori Atta, too the British officials oft collaborated to undermine the effectiveness of the Congress' attempts at broadening its pop too organizational base of operations past times tilt that the organization's efforts were attempting to erode traditional values too institutions of indigenous life. Casely Hayford's expiry effectively brought an destination to the congress, fifty-fifty though its political effectiveness had long been undermined past times its ideology too internal dissension. The adjacent era of Pan-African nationalists were to a greater extent than radical inwards their aims for territorial independence from European colonizers although ironically, many of the English-speaking onetime colonies of Great Britain stay members of the British Commonwealth to the nowadays day.
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