Info For Y'all Topnaar People: The Nama-Khoikhoi People On The Meridian Famously Known For Their !Nara Melon
The Topnaar people are nomadic, cattle-herders as well as aboriginal Khoikhoi-speaking ethnic grouping belonging to the Nama, who for their part, too belong to the larger Khoi-Khoi (Hottentots) ethnic group. Topnaar alive inwards the Central Namid inwards the lower Kuiseb valley along Kuiseb river inwards the expanse around the Walvis Bay inwards the Erongo Region of Namibia.
Topnaar community on the Kuiseb River.
The Khoi-Khoi were called Hottentots yesteryear the outset European colonizers, in all likelihood because of their linguistic communication Nama, a "click" language. The 4 clicks used inwards Nama are I a "dental click", il a "lateral click", ! a "palatal click" as well as =t= a "alveolar click". The Khoi-Khoi, translated every bit 'men of men', were previously to a greater extent than widely dispersed inwards southern Africa.
At introduce Khoi-Khoi tribes are solely constitute inwards Namibia where they consist of three groups: the Nama, the Oorlam as well as a release of San groups.
The Nama are divided into ix tribes, ii of which are the Topnaar of the lower Kuiseb valley as well as the Topnaar of Sesfontein. The refer Topnaar is of Dutch origin, important 'people of the upperland' or 'those who are on top'. This is in all likelihood a translation of the traditional Nama refer Aonin.
Etymologically ^Aonin is derived from =(=ao6, important top. There are dissimilar explanations of the refer Aonin: 'people on the top', living inwards the mountains (KÖHLER, 1969); 'people standing on piece of occupation yesteryear of the Nama people', superior to the other tribes (KÖHLER, 1969); 'people living inwards a marginal area', on the border of the Nama territory (BUDACK, 1977) or 'people inhabiting the
bounding main coast' (KÖHLER, 1969).
Topnaar people
The Topnaar tribe is divided into sibs (clans) as well as the tribal regime consists of a principal as well as his council. In the yesteryear the leadership was inheritable, but forthwith too the people receive got a state inwards the elections of a novel chief.
Topnaar cattle breeders
History
The Topnaar are with the oldest inhabitants of Namibia. Their history is non completely known. The earliest recorded presence of Topnaar inwards the Walvisbay expanse goes dorsum to 1670 when the Dutch East Republic of Republic of India Company's ship, Grundel, outset entered Sandwich Harbour, simply S of Walvisbay.
An elder from the Topnaar Community inwards Namibia's Namib Desert.
The natives on the shore were recognized every bit Hottentots yesteryear the crew, but their linguistic communication was noted to live on slightly dissimilar to that of the Cape Hottentots (who were known from the outset voyages of the Dutch East Republic of Republic of India Company to South Africa). At that fourth dimension the Kuiseb soundless reached the bounding main at Sandwich Harbour. Seven years later, inwards 1677, the Dutch East Republic of Republic of India Company vessel Boode visited Sandwich Harbour as well as met Hottentots, which were herding cattle as well as collecting Inara seeds.
In 1973, medico Beatrice Sandelowsky discovered close Conception Bay some fragments of a Khoi clay pot, which were dated around 650 years back. This in all likelihood way that Khoi-Khoin were already living along the Namibian coast inwards the 14th century. It is non sure, however, whether these people were Topnaar people or belonged to some other tribe.
According to oral tradition, the Topnaar came from the northward prior to occupying the Walvisbay territory. The exact expanse were they came from was nevertheless non farther specified.
The Topnaar were with the outset traders inwards Namibia. As early on every bit 1677 they bartered with European sailors beef, goats, milk, Inara as well as fresh H2O inwards central for full general supplies, clothes, weapons as well as alcohol.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 long fourth dimension ago, the Topnaars' territory was to a greater extent than extensive as well as reached from the coast, eastwards along the lower Kuiseb every bit far every bit !Hu-daob, as well as from Conception Bay inwards the S northwards to the Swakop river (BUDACK, 1 ix vii 7 ; KÖHLER, 1 ix 6 9). They were driven from business office of this expanse by
the Herero migrating from the northward as well as other Nama people migrating from the south.
There be dissimilar opinions almost how some Topnaar people migrated to Sesfontein, almost 500 km northward of the Kuiseb inwards the Kaokoveld. HOERNLÉ (1925) says the Topnaar told her that some of them returned to the northward after having settled inwards the Walvisbay area. Other sources (KÖHLER 1969; Kooitjie, personal comment) state that inwards the 1880's, during the wars betwixt the Nama as well as Herero, a grouping of Topnaar joined January Jonker Afrikaner, headman of the Afrikaners, to create produce the Herero, as well as thereafter remained inwards the north, inwards a identify called Am-eib. Forced yesteryear drought they moved afterwards to Sesfontein, where at that 2d already lived some other African tribes, Bushmen as well as Bergdama. Another grouping of Nama people, the Swartboois, followed them later.
Topnaar Nama people
Way of Life inwards the Lower Kuiseb Valley
The Topnaar of the lower Kuiseb valley traditionally alive yesteryear herding cattle, gardening, as well as gathering the Inara (Acantfiosicyos horndus). The latter is a cucurbit which grows inwards the wild. It is endemic to the coast of Namibia as well as provides nutrient as well as H2O to the Topnaar. The Topnaar are hence too called INaranin, people living off the Inara. This nevertheless is a derogatory refer to them every bit it stresses their dependency on "veldkos" (literally nutrient from the field, referring to the role of indigenous edible plants for food).
!nara
The Inara grows abundantly inwards the sand dunes close Walvisbay. Each identify unit of measurement possesses a release of Inara bushes. In this the Topnaar differ from the other Khoi-Khoi: the Inara bushes, non the province on which they grow, are individual property, whereas unremarkably possessions are common. This perpetual correct to the Inaras was approved yesteryear Queen Victoria herself. Each identify unit of measurement tin solely harvest from its ain Inara bushes. The belongings rights are hereditary. If the parents die, the Inara champaign is divided over the children that are interested inwards the Inara. The principal as well as his council may dominion inwards disputes if necessary. During the harvesting flavor of the Inara, whole families motion downward to the coastal Inara fields as well as remain at that topographic point until the halt of the harvest. Only a few people remain behind inwards the villages to attend livestock.
!nara melon
In the past, the Topnaar of the Kuiseb expanse were split upward into Hurinin, the hunther-gatherers as well as fishermen living along the coast, as well as INaranin, those living to a greater extent than inland along the Kuiseb river. The latter were the dominant group. Now they receive got fused. Furthermore these Topnaar receive got too fused with some Herero, Ovambo, Damara as well as Eurafricans living inwards the same area.
Way of Life inwards Sesfontein
The Topnaar of Sesfontein are too called IGomen, "stupid people", speaking a strange, unintelligible dialect (KÖHLER., 1969 ) . In 1906, the farm Sesfontein, so called because of the half dozen perennial springs issuing inwards the area, was granted to the Topnaar as well as Swartboois yesteryear the High German Government. Due to these springs, which provide H2O to this area, irrigated agriculture is possible inwards Sesfontein. Every manly somebody inhabitant owns a business office of the irrigated fields. The major crops are wheat, corn as well as tobacco. Gathering of wild nutrient plants is soundless of import to these people every bit good every bit some caprine animal farming.
About 100 Topnaar shortly alive inwards Sesfontein. The earliest principal the Sesfontein Topnaar tin recollect was \Uichah. Under him they soundless lived inwards the south. Only during the leadership of his son, Anibab Hendrik \Uichamab, did the Topnaar truly come upward to Sesfontein.
Topnaar woman
The Khoi-Khoi are traditionally nomadic. The Kuiseb Topnaars' mobility, however, is restricted yesteryear the environmental weather of the area: the people depend on the waterholes inwards the riverbed as well as the Inara fields. Another drastic influence on their mobility as well as full general way of living is the fact that inwards 1907 a large expanse of the Namib desert was declared a National Park. This ruling prevents hunting as well as prohibits the herding of livestock or whatever other activity exterior the riverbed.
Following implementation of the South African Odendaalplan (the aim of this innovation was to render all dark people inwards South Africa as well as South West Africa (now Namibia) to their respective homelands), some farms were purchased farther south, inwards Namaland, with the intention to motion as well as resettle the Topnaar exterior the Namib-Naukluft park. They refused, however, to exit their territory, which they claim every bit their traditional tribal expanse every bit they receive got already occupied it for several centuries. Their culture
is linked to the Inara as well as they depend on the bounding main as well as its nutrient resources.
There too be legal treaties respecting their traditional rights to the role ofthe Inara plants.
For years the presence of the Topnaar inwards the Namib-Naukluft green was a topic of dispute betwixt the Ministery of Wildlife, Conservation as well as Tourism as well as the Topnaar people. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 consequence of this was that nether South African rule, few investments inwards the evolution of the expanse were made. Only inwards 1979 did
the Department of Water Affairs ameliorate the H2O render inwards the villages yesteryear edifice wind-pumps, dams, pipelines as well as water-taps.
Topnaar kid
The outset known principal of the Kuiseb Topnaar was Frederik Khaxab (mid19th century). After his decease Piet II Eibib became principal of the Topnaar. When he died inwards 1910, leaving no son, ii fractions struggled for the leadership, but without result. For 66 years the Topnaar had no leader. This resulted inwards the loss of some of their traditions, civilization as well as tribal unity. Only inwards 1976, when Namibian independence became a possibility, did the postulate for a Topnaar spokesman at national degree emerge. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 novel leader, principal Esau Kooitjie was nominated. On his retirement inwards 1981, his xviii twelvemonth onetime boy Seth
Kooitjie was elected his successor. Since so the Topnaar receive got in 1 trial again had someone to stand upward for them as well as promote their interests on a national level.
Topnaar girl
At the fourth dimension of this query almost 400 Topnaar lived along the Kuiseb river, divided over 12 semi-permanent settlements, all located on the northern banking concern of the river, far plenty from the river so that the occasional floods volition non destroy the houses. The villages, from E to west, are Homeb, Oswater,
Natab, Gobabeb, Soutrivier, Klipneus, Swartbank, Eduseb, Ururas, Goatanab, Dawe-draais as well as Armstraat. The 4 final villages belong to the Walvisbay-enclave (still belonging to the Republic of South Africa
source: P a t r i c k V Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 N D Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 K M E & V e e r l e V Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 N D E N E Y N D E N
Laboratory for Tropical as well as Sub-tropical Agronomy as well as Ethnobotany
Faculty of Agricultural as well as Applied Biological Sciences
Department of Plant Production
Coupure Links, 653
B-9000 Gent BELGIUM
Topnaar community on the Kuiseb River.
The Khoi-Khoi were called Hottentots yesteryear the outset European colonizers, in all likelihood because of their linguistic communication Nama, a "click" language. The 4 clicks used inwards Nama are I a "dental click", il a "lateral click", ! a "palatal click" as well as =t= a "alveolar click". The Khoi-Khoi, translated every bit 'men of men', were previously to a greater extent than widely dispersed inwards southern Africa.
Portrait of a Topnaar Hottentot daughter taken along the Kuiseb River , Kuiseb River , Namibia
At introduce Khoi-Khoi tribes are solely constitute inwards Namibia where they consist of three groups: the Nama, the Oorlam as well as a release of San groups.
The Nama are divided into ix tribes, ii of which are the Topnaar of the lower Kuiseb valley as well as the Topnaar of Sesfontein. The refer Topnaar is of Dutch origin, important 'people of the upperland' or 'those who are on top'. This is in all likelihood a translation of the traditional Nama refer Aonin.
A portrait of a Topnaar Hottentot whose distinctive features reflects the Khoi Khoi ancestry
Etymologically ^Aonin is derived from =(=ao6, important top. There are dissimilar explanations of the refer Aonin: 'people on the top', living inwards the mountains (KÖHLER, 1969); 'people standing on piece of occupation yesteryear of the Nama people', superior to the other tribes (KÖHLER, 1969); 'people living inwards a marginal area', on the border of the Nama territory (BUDACK, 1977) or 'people inhabiting the
bounding main coast' (KÖHLER, 1969).
Topnaar people
The Topnaar tribe is divided into sibs (clans) as well as the tribal regime consists of a principal as well as his council. In the yesteryear the leadership was inheritable, but forthwith too the people receive got a state inwards the elections of a novel chief.
Topnaar cattle breeders
History
The Topnaar are with the oldest inhabitants of Namibia. Their history is non completely known. The earliest recorded presence of Topnaar inwards the Walvisbay expanse goes dorsum to 1670 when the Dutch East Republic of Republic of India Company's ship, Grundel, outset entered Sandwich Harbour, simply S of Walvisbay.
An elder from the Topnaar Community inwards Namibia's Namib Desert.
The natives on the shore were recognized every bit Hottentots yesteryear the crew, but their linguistic communication was noted to live on slightly dissimilar to that of the Cape Hottentots (who were known from the outset voyages of the Dutch East Republic of Republic of India Company to South Africa). At that fourth dimension the Kuiseb soundless reached the bounding main at Sandwich Harbour. Seven years later, inwards 1677, the Dutch East Republic of Republic of India Company vessel Boode visited Sandwich Harbour as well as met Hottentots, which were herding cattle as well as collecting Inara seeds.
In 1973, medico Beatrice Sandelowsky discovered close Conception Bay some fragments of a Khoi clay pot, which were dated around 650 years back. This in all likelihood way that Khoi-Khoin were already living along the Namibian coast inwards the 14th century. It is non sure, however, whether these people were Topnaar people or belonged to some other tribe.
Topnaar royal
According to oral tradition, the Topnaar came from the northward prior to occupying the Walvisbay territory. The exact expanse were they came from was nevertheless non farther specified.
The Topnaar were with the outset traders inwards Namibia. As early on every bit 1677 they bartered with European sailors beef, goats, milk, Inara as well as fresh H2O inwards central for full general supplies, clothes, weapons as well as alcohol.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 long fourth dimension ago, the Topnaars' territory was to a greater extent than extensive as well as reached from the coast, eastwards along the lower Kuiseb every bit far every bit !Hu-daob, as well as from Conception Bay inwards the S northwards to the Swakop river (BUDACK, 1 ix vii 7 ; KÖHLER, 1 ix 6 9). They were driven from business office of this expanse by
the Herero migrating from the northward as well as other Nama people migrating from the south.
Topnaar man
There be dissimilar opinions almost how some Topnaar people migrated to Sesfontein, almost 500 km northward of the Kuiseb inwards the Kaokoveld. HOERNLÉ (1925) says the Topnaar told her that some of them returned to the northward after having settled inwards the Walvisbay area. Other sources (KÖHLER 1969; Kooitjie, personal comment) state that inwards the 1880's, during the wars betwixt the Nama as well as Herero, a grouping of Topnaar joined January Jonker Afrikaner, headman of the Afrikaners, to create produce the Herero, as well as thereafter remained inwards the north, inwards a identify called Am-eib. Forced yesteryear drought they moved afterwards to Sesfontein, where at that 2d already lived some other African tribes, Bushmen as well as Bergdama. Another grouping of Nama people, the Swartboois, followed them later.
Topnaar Nama people
Way of Life inwards the Lower Kuiseb Valley
The Topnaar of the lower Kuiseb valley traditionally alive yesteryear herding cattle, gardening, as well as gathering the Inara (Acantfiosicyos horndus). The latter is a cucurbit which grows inwards the wild. It is endemic to the coast of Namibia as well as provides nutrient as well as H2O to the Topnaar. The Topnaar are hence too called INaranin, people living off the Inara. This nevertheless is a derogatory refer to them every bit it stresses their dependency on "veldkos" (literally nutrient from the field, referring to the role of indigenous edible plants for food).
!nara
The Inara grows abundantly inwards the sand dunes close Walvisbay. Each identify unit of measurement possesses a release of Inara bushes. In this the Topnaar differ from the other Khoi-Khoi: the Inara bushes, non the province on which they grow, are individual property, whereas unremarkably possessions are common. This perpetual correct to the Inaras was approved yesteryear Queen Victoria herself. Each identify unit of measurement tin solely harvest from its ain Inara bushes. The belongings rights are hereditary. If the parents die, the Inara champaign is divided over the children that are interested inwards the Inara. The principal as well as his council may dominion inwards disputes if necessary. During the harvesting flavor of the Inara, whole families motion downward to the coastal Inara fields as well as remain at that topographic point until the halt of the harvest. Only a few people remain behind inwards the villages to attend livestock.
!nara melon
In the past, the Topnaar of the Kuiseb expanse were split upward into Hurinin, the hunther-gatherers as well as fishermen living along the coast, as well as INaranin, those living to a greater extent than inland along the Kuiseb river. The latter were the dominant group. Now they receive got fused. Furthermore these Topnaar receive got too fused with some Herero, Ovambo, Damara as well as Eurafricans living inwards the same area.
Way of Life inwards Sesfontein
The Topnaar of Sesfontein are too called IGomen, "stupid people", speaking a strange, unintelligible dialect (KÖHLER., 1969 ) . In 1906, the farm Sesfontein, so called because of the half dozen perennial springs issuing inwards the area, was granted to the Topnaar as well as Swartboois yesteryear the High German Government. Due to these springs, which provide H2O to this area, irrigated agriculture is possible inwards Sesfontein. Every manly somebody inhabitant owns a business office of the irrigated fields. The major crops are wheat, corn as well as tobacco. Gathering of wild nutrient plants is soundless of import to these people every bit good every bit some caprine animal farming.
About 100 Topnaar shortly alive inwards Sesfontein. The earliest principal the Sesfontein Topnaar tin recollect was \Uichah. Under him they soundless lived inwards the south. Only during the leadership of his son, Anibab Hendrik \Uichamab, did the Topnaar truly come upward to Sesfontein.
Topnaar woman
The Khoi-Khoi are traditionally nomadic. The Kuiseb Topnaars' mobility, however, is restricted yesteryear the environmental weather of the area: the people depend on the waterholes inwards the riverbed as well as the Inara fields. Another drastic influence on their mobility as well as full general way of living is the fact that inwards 1907 a large expanse of the Namib desert was declared a National Park. This ruling prevents hunting as well as prohibits the herding of livestock or whatever other activity exterior the riverbed.
Following implementation of the South African Odendaalplan (the aim of this innovation was to render all dark people inwards South Africa as well as South West Africa (now Namibia) to their respective homelands), some farms were purchased farther south, inwards Namaland, with the intention to motion as well as resettle the Topnaar exterior the Namib-Naukluft park. They refused, however, to exit their territory, which they claim every bit their traditional tribal expanse every bit they receive got already occupied it for several centuries. Their culture
is linked to the Inara as well as they depend on the bounding main as well as its nutrient resources.
There too be legal treaties respecting their traditional rights to the role ofthe Inara plants.
For years the presence of the Topnaar inwards the Namib-Naukluft green was a topic of dispute betwixt the Ministery of Wildlife, Conservation as well as Tourism as well as the Topnaar people. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 consequence of this was that nether South African rule, few investments inwards the evolution of the expanse were made. Only inwards 1979 did
the Department of Water Affairs ameliorate the H2O render inwards the villages yesteryear edifice wind-pumps, dams, pipelines as well as water-taps.
Topnaar kid
The outset known principal of the Kuiseb Topnaar was Frederik Khaxab (mid19th century). After his decease Piet II Eibib became principal of the Topnaar. When he died inwards 1910, leaving no son, ii fractions struggled for the leadership, but without result. For 66 years the Topnaar had no leader. This resulted inwards the loss of some of their traditions, civilization as well as tribal unity. Only inwards 1976, when Namibian independence became a possibility, did the postulate for a Topnaar spokesman at national degree emerge. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 novel leader, principal Esau Kooitjie was nominated. On his retirement inwards 1981, his xviii twelvemonth onetime boy Seth
Kooitjie was elected his successor. Since so the Topnaar receive got in 1 trial again had someone to stand upward for them as well as promote their interests on a national level.
Topnaar girl
At the fourth dimension of this query almost 400 Topnaar lived along the Kuiseb river, divided over 12 semi-permanent settlements, all located on the northern banking concern of the river, far plenty from the river so that the occasional floods volition non destroy the houses. The villages, from E to west, are Homeb, Oswater,
Natab, Gobabeb, Soutrivier, Klipneus, Swartbank, Eduseb, Ururas, Goatanab, Dawe-draais as well as Armstraat. The 4 final villages belong to the Walvisbay-enclave (still belonging to the Republic of South Africa
source: P a t r i c k V Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 N D Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 K M E & V e e r l e V Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 N D E N E Y N D E N
Laboratory for Tropical as well as Sub-tropical Agronomy as well as Ethnobotany
Faculty of Agricultural as well as Applied Biological Sciences
Department of Plant Production
Coupure Links, 653
B-9000 Gent BELGIUM
0 Response to "Info For Y'all Topnaar People: The Nama-Khoikhoi People On The Meridian Famously Known For Their !Nara Melon"
Post a Comment