Info For You Lot John Kabes: Prominent African Trader, Entrepreneur, State-Builder Together With I Of The Offset African Millionaires Inwards Due West Africa

John Kabes (John Cabess or John Cabes) (c. 1640s-1722) was a prominent African trader, entrepreneur together with a State-builder inwards the port urban meat of Komenda, percentage of the Eguafo Kingdom, inwards the Gold Coast (Ghana). Although he was a major British ally together with was a supplier to the British Royal African Company but he nevertheless played them against other Europeans competitors.

British Fort Komenda (left) together with Dutch Fort Vredenburgh (right). Note the peculiar architecture of Fort Komenda inwards the excogitation of the fort (lower left).

As a trader, he became a potent economical together with political strength inwards the coastal part inwards the early on 1700s, playing an active run inwards the Komenda Wars, the ascent of the Ashanti Empire, the expansion of British involvement inwards West Africa, together with the beginnings of large-scale Atlantic slave trade. Because of his combined economical together with political power, historian Kwame Daaku named Cabess i of the "merchant princes" of the Gold Coast inwards the 1700s. He was arguably the foremost native African millionaire trader that transacted job organisation together with was inwards contest with Europeans. He paved the trend for other famous Gold Coast rich Caboceers similar Eno Baissie Kurantsi (John Corrente)  of anomaboand Cudjoe of Cape Coast.

The Komenda Wars of the Gold Coast 1694-1700

John Kabes every bit a trader cum political leader had a career spanning nearly 40 years, he established the paramount stool of Komenda, hitherto percentage of the inland nation of Eguafo. Kabes began every bit a trader for the English linguistic communication (and sometimes for the Dutch) together with gradually achieved political condition which, nonetheless it may take hold been acquired, proved to live lasting because it was acceptable to existing political mores. "Such of Kabes's activities every bit are known advise that his success sprang from his might to wring payoff from the novel exigencies of the fourth dimension together with house inwards ways which enabled him to larn legitimacy every bit good every bit wealth together with influence. Although Kabes's career is uniquely documented at that topographic point is no argue to suppose that it was peculiarly odd inwards its other facets. On this declaration it tin advise ways inwards which other West African trade-derived polities, peculiarly inwards the Niger delta, may take hold coalesced."
He died inwards 1722, but his heirs continued to exert economical might inwards the port for the residue of the 18th century.

                         Komenda town inwards Central Region, Ghana

John Kabes was born sometime inwards the 1640s or 1650s (the tape of his nativity is unclear) inwards Akatakyi (Komenda).  The Komenda Tradtional Area is bounded on the eastward past times Elmina, on the westward past times Shama, on the northward past times Wasa, on the north-east past times Eguafo together with Abrem inwards the Central Region. The uppercase of the State is Akatakyi, which agency “the town of swell people” known inwards European records every bit Little Commendo, piece describing the Komenda State every bit British Commendo.
Komenda traditions allege that their ancestors originally lived at Takyiman inwards present-day Brong Ahafo Region, together with that they formed percentage of the Borbor Fante emigrants which broke off inwards search of peace together with security, because inwards those days the Takyiman expanse was constantly inwards swell turmoil-there were wars together with rumours of war.
The Komenda dissidents were nether the leadership of Nana Kome every bit they trekked southwards; however, Nana Kwarhin (Who afterward founded Kwarhinkrom), was the pathfinder of Twafohin for Nana Kome till they reached Mankessim, the plant nursery Earth for Fante ideas together with institutions.
Earlier, the whole congregation had settled at Kwaman (Akan-manmu) unopen past times a rivulet, where the 3 warlords namely Oburumankoma, Odapagyan together with Oson died together with their remains carried to Mankessim together with interred inwards a nearby grove which became the famous Nana Pow.  When the Fantes were afflicted past times whatsoever misfortune they turned to the deity.  Nananom inwards the night.
At Mankessim, the Borbor Fante lived inwards 5 quarters- Nkusukum, Anaafo or Ntsetse, Edumadze, Bentsi together with Kurentsi Amanfo, each quarter enjoyed absolute independence of the other.
They settled at Mankessim a long fourth dimension earlier they began to assort novel territorial state, leaving behind the Kurentsi Amanfo, nonetheless the quarters of Edumadze together with Kusukum left Abaatam inwards their master copy quarters at Mankessim.
After their, difference from Mankessim, Nana Kome together with his followers foremost settled at Komantse, together with every bit they were leaving this house the younger blood brother called Kome Kuma refused to accompany the main political party together with chose to remain behind.  Soon the Asante regular army invaded the expanse together with Kome Kuma was captured.  It is alleged that his elderberry blood brother felt aggrieved together with exclaimed.  “If Kome Kuma had listened to me, he wouldn’t take hold been captured”.  The aspect inwards Fante was Komeantse or Kormantse.
Earlier, they had stopped briefly at Biriwa, a angling village, together with thence to Yamoransa (Akatakyiwa inwards Nkusukum).  Where after a sojourn a few remnants were left behind, piece the mass of the people followed Nana Kome to the reason of Eguafo.
Nana Kome approached the manful someone monarch of Eguafo, humbly requesting for a slice of reason to settle on.  He was told to aid the Eguafo to larn rid of a monster which disturbed them a lot.  Nana Kome’s gallant fighters took upwardly the challenge together with got the monster killed.
Then Nana Kome together with the manful someone monarch of Eguafo drank fetish that henceforth the Akatakyi would occupy the reason betwixt Kankan (Dutch Komeda) together with the rima oris of the Pra River.  Up to the minute one-half of the 18th century, the manful someone monarch of Eguafo controlled the stretch of coast from the westward depository fiscal establishment of the Benya River to the estuary of the river Pra.  In those days, Jabi (Shama), Elmina, Abrem together with Efutu were percentage of the Eguafo state.
The storey is that the monster killed past times the gallant fighters was known every bit Ekyi, which gave them the novel get upwardly AKATAKYI.  Finally they left for Mmaado where they build the Akatakyi State.  The chiefs spied the reason together with so came to inform Nana Kome, where each wanted to stay, together with were accordingly granted permission to build their diverse towns together with villages.
TOWNSMIGRANT LEADERS RULING CLAN ANCESTRAL HOME

1.       Akatakyi               Nana Kome (Omanhin)                                 Abrade                 Takyiman

2.       Aboransa             Kweenu Amoa (Nifahin)                                               Abrade                 “

3.       Antardo               Ansah Pregow (                Antardohin)                       Abrade                 “

4.       Bisease                                 Kwedu together with Aban (Kyidomhin)                   Abrade                 “

5.       Dominase            Kumi Kuma together with Kwesi Ebeng                      Abrade                                 “

6.       Dompoa               Kobinko together with Sumawuah (Benkumhin)   Abrade                 “

7.       Kokwaaso           Kwansan (Kokwaadohin)                              Abrade                 “

8.       Kwarhinkrom     Kwarhin (Twafohin)                                        Abrade                 “

9.       Kyiasik                  Ofiram (Kyiasihin)                                            Anona                   Tarkwa Dunkwa (Denkyira)

10.   Kissi                       Barima Kissi (Adontenhin)                            Abrutuw              Asankare Breman (Wassa)

11.   Ahwene               Amoakwa                                                            Kouna                   Wamaso
Komenda inwards the past times strongly determined to maintain their loyalty together with allegiance to the British when so many invasions together with attacks were made past times the Portuguese, Danes together with the Dutch who were exploiting the westward coast of Africa.
Thus, J. K. Fynn (1974) remarked that the political increase of Akatakyi from a theme marketplace middle into an autonomous city-state was largely the consequence of the perpetual tension betwixt contender European trading companies which competed amidst themselves for commercial supremacy on the Eguafo coast, Akatakyi inwards which the English linguistic communication fort stood became a fast growing town together with enabled the Komeda chiefs to contender the Eguafo kings inwards importance together with power. Thus the get upwardly Komenda is derived from the get upwardly of the towns founder Nana "Kome."
Anyway, it is believed that John Kabes was the boy of John Cabessa, who had been a prominent African official working for the British at Fort Amsterdam inwards the 1660s. The older Cabessa was well-nigh noted inwards British reports for committing suicide rather than move a captive piece the Dutch were attacking Fort Amsterdam.

 Dutch Fort Vredenburgh, Komenda

The flowering of the Atlantic merchandise inwards the seventeenth together with eighteenth centuries caused many of the West African societies of the close hinterland to orient themselves increasingly toward the coast. This novel focus created novel geopolitical conformations. Given the nature of the stimulus, merchandise together with politics went mitt inwards mitt together with entrepreneurial might could reap political rewards. These possibilities were greatest along the Gold Coast together with inwards the Niger delta where the actual European presence was pocket-size inwards relation to the extent of the trade
The urban meat of Komenda, percentage of the Kingdom of Eguafo, had move a major merchandise port inwards the afterward parts of the 17th century. The British together with French wanted to larn a foothold inwards the port inwards society to intermission the Dutch monopoly over merchandise inwards the Gold Coast. The Dutch, inwards contrast but saw it every bit a secondary port to back upwardly its other operations inwards the area. In this situation, Cabess moved to Komenda inwards the 1670s to piece of work with the British attempts to flora merchandise relationships inwards the port. The primary African merchant to the British inwards the port was a trader named Captain Bracon inwards the 1670s; however, past times 1686, Cabess had taken over this position.
By the 1680s, Cabess had established himself every bit a key merchant inwards Komenda. Henige speculates that Cabess came to Komenda betwixt 1683 together with 1685.A British trader emphasized his command over merchandise together with relations inwards the port past times exclaiming that without Cabess inwards Komenda "nothing volition live done." At this point, he provided shells, food, together with manpower for fort together with manufactory structure past times the Royal African Company inwards Komenda together with elsewhere along the coast. Eventually, Cabess became a major slave trader out of the port of Komenda supplying thousands of slaves on a continual basis.
His refusal to merchandise with the Dutch significantly slowed their might to build facilities together with when the French took an involvement inwards developing a manufactory at Komenda they offered Cabess a meaning total of gilt to aid them inwards the projection (a bargain which was never finalized). Cabess had meaning negotiating leverage inwards his human relationship with the British which sometimes resulted inwards tense relations. In 1687, tensions betwixt Cabess together with the Royal African Company instance inwards the fort, William Cross, resulted inwards Cross beingness forcibly removed from the post. Similar situations occurred inwards 1698 together with 1714, both times with the British instance beingness replaced at the asking of Cabess.
In 1688, Cabess was panyarred past times the Dutch, a exercise mutual inwards the expanse where merchants together with traders would live captured past times other merchant forces together with their goods would live taken. The British merchants secured Cabess' free together with according to some accounts this is what precipitated his assault on Dutch miners inwards 1694 which started the Komenda Wars. In 1690 during a state of war betwixt the Dutch together with French trading companies, the British manufactory was burnt downwardly together with they left the area. Cabess so began supplying goods together with manpower to the Dutch.
During the Komenda Wars (1694-1700), Cabess provided crucial assistance to the British seat together with actively supported their render to Komenda. In 1694 together with 1695, Cabess attacked the Dutch fort on multiple occasions together with during negotiations with the Dutch commander, Willem Bosman, the Dutch commander attempted to shoot Cabess but missed.With the goal of the wars after 1700 together with the ascent of the Ashanti Empire inwards merchandise along the coast, Cabess became a crucial middleman inwards the port city. British traders complained that Cabess would foreclose traders from direct entering Komenda together with instead intercept them exterior of the urban meat trading for their goods together with so charging a higher charge per unit of measurement to the British, piece keeping some of the best goods for himself. Cabess so became a monopsonist together with monopolist able to cope contacts with multiple sellers together with multiple buyers but keeping them from direct contacting each other together with thus centralizing buying together with selling inside his control.
The economical seat of Cabess brought him into conflict with the British inwards the early on 1700s with him together with the British commander at the fort, Dalby Thomas, becoming quite hostile to i some other past times 1705. However, although he traded with the Dutch, he remained a meaning British ally for the repose of his life together with the tension apace decreased. This economical seat also innovate rivalries with other African powers: a serial of hostile activities betwixt Twifo together with Cabess inwards 1714 required the adjudication of Ashanti diplomats.
Economic importance translated into increasing political importance together with Cabess became the virtual leader of Komenda, which began to live less a subordinate to the urban meat of Eguafo together with gradually became an equal. In addition, Cabess begun owning meaning reason to a greater extent than or less Komenda that he direct controlled. Originally, he controlled a few huts to a greater extent than or less the British fort, but past times 1714 this included a sizable area. At the fourth dimension of his death, he largely held sovereign might along the coast together with had move the owner of his ain stool (a symbol of leadership with the Akan people) which would afterward live passed to his descendents.
Cabess died inwards June 1722 inwards Komenda. The British together with Dutch feared a large succession struggle past times the many heirs of Cabess. The RAC administrators dispatched an officeholder to provide gifts to those members well-nigh probable to convey the house of Cabess. His trunk was buried at the British fort inwards Komenda after a populace viewing of his body. His boy Ahenaqua took over much of the merchandise together with political might of Cabess, without a recorded succession struggle, together with until the chiefs at Cape Coast became predominant over Komenda inwards the mid-1700s,[6] the main official at Komenda, the Caboceer, governed on what was known every bit "the stool of the belatedly John Cabess."
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabess

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