Info For Yous Zarma People: Niger`S Warrior Tribe In Addition To Hippopotamus Hunters
The Zarma people, also known every bit Zerma, Djerma, Dyerma or Zaberma, Adzarma,Zarbarma et al are constitute inward the western business office of Niger as well as the following parts of Burkina Faso. They stand upwards for around 2 meg people or 22% of Niger’s population. Because the working capital alphabetic quality city, Niamey, is located inward their homeland, the Zarma constitute the bulk of the city’s population. Originally, the Zarma were farmers as well as fishermen, but amongst the coming of French colonialism they were the kickoff to create goodness from the French pedagogy system. As a result, the Zarma direct maintain a potent presence inward both fundamental regime (or populace sector) as well as the individual sector.
Beautiful Zarma kids from Niger
The Zarma people are believed to direct maintain migrated from what is straight off the Fula share about Lac Debo, Republic of Mali during the Songhai Empire, as well as settled kickoff inward Anzourou as well as Zarmaganda inward the 16th century. In the 18th century, many Zarma resettled due south to the Niger River valley, the Fakara plateau as well as Zigui inward what is straight off Southwest Niger close Niamey. Forming a set out of minor communities, each led past times a Zarmakoy, these polities presently constitute themselves pressured from the due north past times the Tuareg as well as the Fula from the southeast, every bit good every bit other ethnic groups inward the area.
Zarma women
While Zarmakoy Aboubacar founded the Dosso solid ground from his ain Taguru clan about 1750, it remained a minor collection of villages inward the Dallol Bosso valley until the 1820s, when it led much of the resistance to the Sokoto Caliphate. While Dosso cruel nether the command of the Amir of Gando (a sub partition of Sokoto) betwixt 1849 as well as 1856, they retained their Zarmakoy as well as the nominal dominion of a much larger Zarma territory, as well as were converted to Islam. Under Zarmakoy Kossom (r. 1856-65), Dosso united all of the eastern Zarma, as well as left a minor solid ground stretching from Tibbo as well as Beri inward the north, to Gafiadey inward the south, as well as to Bankadey as well as Tombokware inward the east.
Zarma daughter watering cabbage Garden
The linguistic communication of the Zarma is a dialect of the Nilo-Saharan linguistic communication family. Traditionally, the Zarma as well as Songhai people thought themselves every bit ane family. The Zarma should to a greater extent than accurately live called the Zarma-Songhai. They have, inward general, a less strict attachment to Islam as well as direct maintain inward many ways resisted the total as well as complete conversion experience.
Zarma human amongst kids
Although it is estimated that 75% to 80% of the Zarma profess to live Muslim as well as 1% to 2% to live Christian, traditional African spiritual systems serve every bit the unrecognized grounding belief for all
Zarma-Songhai. In general, the Islamic beliefs of the Zarma-Songhai direct maintain been past times agency of syncretism blended amongst traditional spiritual beliefs.
Zarma adult woman carrying decorated H2O pot on head, close Niamey, Niger,
Photograph past times Eliot Elisofon, 1970.
Among the Zarma, the Islamic rituals as well as ceremonies are centered on the observance of Ramadan, which involves fasting as well as the paying of alms for the poor, Tabaski, which is also called the Festival of Sacrifice, as well as the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday. The syncretism is obvious inward the ritual of the naming 24-hour interval ceremony of children that is prevalent throughout much of Africa, where prayers are bestowed on the new-born afterward vii days of life. This ritual seems to live an ongoing traditional African ritual without regard to Islam or Christianity. The practise of taking to a greater extent than than ane married adult woman also preceded the advent of Islam. Although the Zarma practise of polygamy, every bit inward the past, is by as well as large associated amongst older as well as wealthy men, its pre-Islamic root important remains associated amongst spiritual evolution, cultural maturation, as well as identify unit of measurement enhancement. Polygamy is highly valued amid Zarma men, but monogamy is to a greater extent than mutual statistically, accounting for seventy to eighty percent of all households. The incidence of polygamy is higher among older as well as wealthier men; it is considered prove of social success.
Regarding African religions, the Zarma stand upwards for the complex intersect betwixt the retentions of traditional African spiritual systems as well as the (forced) adoption of ane or some other of the major orthodox religions. In the illustration of the Zarma, the adopted faith is Islam. Understanding the complexity of this intersect is farther exacerbated past times the hegemonic technique of either omitting whatever detailed as well as respectful give-and-take of the traditional African spiritual beliefs or, inward the discussion, codifying the traditional beliefs inward denigrating or demonic damage as well as interpretations.
The Zarma-Songhai believe, every bit is truthful amongst most African peoples, that all living things direct maintain a knowable as well as knowing spirit as well as that every bit human spirits people tin terminate straight as well as deeply communicate amongst the spirit realm. Spirit piece of job as well as reunions (often misunderstood every bit spirit possession) are mutual practices that are believed to direct maintain healing powers. The Zarma, similar other African peoples, know that humans alive amid the various forces of the surroundings as well as the unloosen energy of the world completes human society. In effect, the traditional beliefs of the Zarma utilize as well as channel the collective life strength to recognize that these "forces as well as waves" are God inward motion. The Zarma-Songhai believe that the dissimilar concentration of spiritual unloosen energy direct maintain dissimilar purpose as well as effects. There are, for instance, "cold" spirits that command the forces of nature as well as in that location are spirits that command illness.
The Zarma believe that a living somebody consists of the trunk (ga), the invisible double (biya), which gives each somebody his or her singularity as well as the life strength (fundi). These elements are believed to breakup at death.
Beautiful Zarma daughter from Niger carrying fresh light-green onion seedlings
The Zarma brand fine basketry inward exceptional the colorful, hand-dyed mats, covers, as well as hangers of storage containers, which are made past times women from Doum-palm leaves. They are good known for their pottery as well as their woven blankets.
The staple crop of the Zarma is millet which is inter-cropped amongst cowpeas, sorrel, as well as Bambara as well as other groundnuts. Sorghum as well as manioc are also cultivated inward areas amongst heavier soils. Agriculture relies on household project as well as piece of job of uncomplicated manus tools as well as real express piece of job of brute traction. The Zarma lift minor ruminants as well as poultry that render meat for religious ceremonies, baptisms as well as other special occasions.
Zarma farmers
Zarma women brand evidently as well as brightly colored mats, circular covers as well as hangers for storage containers from Doum-palm leaves as well as engage inward piddling trading within Niger, piece Zarma men piece of job the leaves to brand rope and engage inward long distant trading.
Zarma women
While Zarmakoy Aboubacar founded the Dosso solid ground from his ain Taguru clan about 1750, it remained a minor collection of villages inward the Dallol Bosso valley until the 1820s, when it led much of the resistance to the Sokoto Caliphate. While Dosso cruel nether the command of the Amir of Gando (a sub partition of Sokoto) betwixt 1849 as well as 1856, they retained their Zarmakoy as well as the nominal dominion of a much larger Zarma territory, as well as were converted to Islam. Under Zarmakoy Kossom (r. 1856-65), Dosso united all of the eastern Zarma, as well as left a minor solid ground stretching from Tibbo as well as Beri inward the north, to Gafiadey inward the south, as well as to Bankadey as well as Tombokware inward the east.
Zarma daughter watering cabbage Garden
The linguistic communication of the Zarma is a dialect of the Nilo-Saharan linguistic communication family. Traditionally, the Zarma as well as Songhai people thought themselves every bit ane family. The Zarma should to a greater extent than accurately live called the Zarma-Songhai. They have, inward general, a less strict attachment to Islam as well as direct maintain inward many ways resisted the total as well as complete conversion experience.
Zarma human amongst kids
Although it is estimated that 75% to 80% of the Zarma profess to live Muslim as well as 1% to 2% to live Christian, traditional African spiritual systems serve every bit the unrecognized grounding belief for all
Zarma-Songhai. In general, the Islamic beliefs of the Zarma-Songhai direct maintain been past times agency of syncretism blended amongst traditional spiritual beliefs.
Zarma adult woman carrying decorated H2O pot on head, close Niamey, Niger,
Photograph past times Eliot Elisofon, 1970.
Among the Zarma, the Islamic rituals as well as ceremonies are centered on the observance of Ramadan, which involves fasting as well as the paying of alms for the poor, Tabaski, which is also called the Festival of Sacrifice, as well as the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday. The syncretism is obvious inward the ritual of the naming 24-hour interval ceremony of children that is prevalent throughout much of Africa, where prayers are bestowed on the new-born afterward vii days of life. This ritual seems to live an ongoing traditional African ritual without regard to Islam or Christianity. The practise of taking to a greater extent than than ane married adult woman also preceded the advent of Islam. Although the Zarma practise of polygamy, every bit inward the past, is by as well as large associated amongst older as well as wealthy men, its pre-Islamic root important remains associated amongst spiritual evolution, cultural maturation, as well as identify unit of measurement enhancement. Polygamy is highly valued amid Zarma men, but monogamy is to a greater extent than mutual statistically, accounting for seventy to eighty percent of all households. The incidence of polygamy is higher among older as well as wealthier men; it is considered prove of social success.
Regarding African religions, the Zarma stand upwards for the complex intersect betwixt the retentions of traditional African spiritual systems as well as the (forced) adoption of ane or some other of the major orthodox religions. In the illustration of the Zarma, the adopted faith is Islam. Understanding the complexity of this intersect is farther exacerbated past times the hegemonic technique of either omitting whatever detailed as well as respectful give-and-take of the traditional African spiritual beliefs or, inward the discussion, codifying the traditional beliefs inward denigrating or demonic damage as well as interpretations.
Hair braiding starts amongst combing as well as washing of the hair. After combing, Djamo washed the pilus amongst a gummy liquid. This liquid is made of H2O as well as leafs as well as roots of a flora named ganda foy or sauce of the earth. Thereafter, she removes this gummy liquid amongst a washing soda solution. Djamo finishes the pre-treatment amongst a massage of the pilus with savon biyo (black soap). While the pilus gets the fourth dimension to dry, the photographic television set camera shows us how the women of the hamlet accept assist of the maintenance of the walls that due to weathering as well as erosion demand a fresh layer of mud. Back to braiding, the Comal (Tchomal) is considered every bit the architectural pillar of the Waffa pilus style. The Comal is made of slice of textile as well as is folded inward the presence of the customer. The Comal is placed inward the middle on the head. Sometimes the barber places amulets nether the Comal, which incorporate Koran verses. Djamo uses butter of cows to brand the hairs supple as well as charcoal pulverisation to forestall slipping of the fingers during braiding. Of course, Djamo complains the the youngsters create braid their hair, but they create non know how to actually braid the Waffa pilus style.
The foundations has been laid, what follows is the finishing off of the piece of job of art. Two layers of braids are needed to cover the Comal completely. The kickoff layer is used to buy the farm on the Comal inward place. The 2d layer serves to shroud the Comal from view. Although Koran verses are used inward the amulet, the Marabous claim that the Koran forbids the piece of job of the Comal inward braiding as well as that the Comal volition transform into a serpent that volition kill the wearer. The truthful reason, according to Djamo, is that the textile takes op moistures during the ritual washing. She complains women are less interested inward the old fashion as well as customs, as well as that, therefore, she has to arrange herself to the modern pilus styles. This business office of the video shows, every bit an interlude, some domestic activities of the Wogo women. The finishing carry upon of braiding consist of making 2 fine sparse braids to which decorations tin terminate live attached. As decorations coins of onetime times are used, which are thoroughly cleaned as well as polished. Each type of coins has its ain significance as well as value. Djamo leaves the attachment of the coins to a younger women, an old apprentice, every bit Djamo doesn't see that good anymore. At the end, the adult woman amongst newly braided pilus dresses herself amongst a traditional garments as well as she performs a dance.
Zarma women similar to tattoo their trunk amongst awesome designs that direct maintain been copied past times others.
Zarma women
While Zarmakoy Aboubacar founded the Dosso solid ground from his ain Taguru clan about 1750, it remained a minor collection of villages inward the Dallol Bosso valley until the 1820s, when it led much of the resistance to the Sokoto Caliphate. While Dosso cruel nether the command of the Amir of Gando (a sub partition of Sokoto) betwixt 1849 as well as 1856, they retained their Zarmakoy as well as the nominal dominion of a much larger Zarma territory, as well as were converted to Islam. Under Zarmakoy Kossom (r. 1856-65), Dosso united all of the eastern Zarma, as well as left a minor solid ground stretching from Tibbo as well as Beri inward the north, to Gafiadey inward the south, as well as to Bankadey as well as Tombokware inward the east.
Zarma daughter watering cabbage Garden
The linguistic communication of the Zarma is a dialect of the Nilo-Saharan linguistic communication family. Traditionally, the Zarma as well as Songhai people thought themselves every bit ane family. The Zarma should to a greater extent than accurately live called the Zarma-Songhai. They have, inward general, a less strict attachment to Islam as well as direct maintain inward many ways resisted the total as well as complete conversion experience.
Zarma human amongst kids
Although it is estimated that 75% to 80% of the Zarma profess to live Muslim as well as 1% to 2% to live Christian, traditional African spiritual systems serve every bit the unrecognized grounding belief for all
Zarma-Songhai. In general, the Islamic beliefs of the Zarma-Songhai direct maintain been past times agency of syncretism blended amongst traditional spiritual beliefs.
Zarma adult woman carrying decorated H2O pot on head, close Niamey, Niger,
Photograph past times Eliot Elisofon, 1970.
Among the Zarma, the Islamic rituals as well as ceremonies are centered on the observance of Ramadan, which involves fasting as well as the paying of alms for the poor, Tabaski, which is also called the Festival of Sacrifice, as well as the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday. The syncretism is obvious inward the ritual of the naming 24-hour interval ceremony of children that is prevalent throughout much of Africa, where prayers are bestowed on the new-born afterward vii days of life. This ritual seems to live an ongoing traditional African ritual without regard to Islam or Christianity. The practise of taking to a greater extent than than ane married adult woman also preceded the advent of Islam. Although the Zarma practise of polygamy, every bit inward the past, is by as well as large associated amongst older as well as wealthy men, its pre-Islamic root important remains associated amongst spiritual evolution, cultural maturation, as well as identify unit of measurement enhancement. Polygamy is highly valued amid Zarma men, but monogamy is to a greater extent than mutual statistically, accounting for seventy to eighty percent of all households. The incidence of polygamy is higher among older as well as wealthier men; it is considered prove of social success.
Regarding African religions, the Zarma stand upwards for the complex intersect betwixt the retentions of traditional African spiritual systems as well as the (forced) adoption of ane or some other of the major orthodox religions. In the illustration of the Zarma, the adopted faith is Islam. Understanding the complexity of this intersect is farther exacerbated past times the hegemonic technique of either omitting whatever detailed as well as respectful give-and-take of the traditional African spiritual beliefs or, inward the discussion, codifying the traditional beliefs inward denigrating or demonic damage as well as interpretations.
The Zarma people are believed to direct maintain migrated from what is straight off the Fula share about Lac Debo, Republic of Mali during the Songhai Empire, as well as settled kickoff inward Anzourou as well as Zarmaganda inward the 16th century. In the 18th century, many Zarma resettled due south to the Niger River valley, the Fakara plateau as well as Zigui inward what is straight off Southwest Niger close Niamey. Forming a set out of minor communities, each led past times a Zarmakoy, these polities presently constitute themselves pressured from the due north past times the Tuareg as well as the Fula from the southeast, every bit good every bit other ethnic groups inward the area.
Zarma women
While Zarmakoy Aboubacar founded the Dosso solid ground from his ain Taguru clan about 1750, it remained a minor collection of villages inward the Dallol Bosso valley until the 1820s, when it led much of the resistance to the Sokoto Caliphate. While Dosso cruel nether the command of the Amir of Gando (a sub partition of Sokoto) betwixt 1849 as well as 1856, they retained their Zarmakoy as well as the nominal dominion of a much larger Zarma territory, as well as were converted to Islam. Under Zarmakoy Kossom (r. 1856-65), Dosso united all of the eastern Zarma, as well as left a minor solid ground stretching from Tibbo as well as Beri inward the north, to Gafiadey inward the south, as well as to Bankadey as well as Tombokware inward the east.
The linguistic communication of the Zarma is a dialect of the Nilo-Saharan linguistic communication family. Traditionally, the Zarma as well as Songhai people thought themselves every bit ane family. The Zarma should to a greater extent than accurately live called the Zarma-Songhai. They have, inward general, a less strict attachment to Islam as well as direct maintain inward many ways resisted the total as well as complete conversion experience.
Zarma human amongst kids
Although it is estimated that 75% to 80% of the Zarma profess to live Muslim as well as 1% to 2% to live Christian, traditional African spiritual systems serve every bit the unrecognized grounding belief for all
Zarma-Songhai. In general, the Islamic beliefs of the Zarma-Songhai direct maintain been past times agency of syncretism blended amongst traditional spiritual beliefs.
Photograph past times Eliot Elisofon, 1970.
Among the Zarma, the Islamic rituals as well as ceremonies are centered on the observance of Ramadan, which involves fasting as well as the paying of alms for the poor, Tabaski, which is also called the Festival of Sacrifice, as well as the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday. The syncretism is obvious inward the ritual of the naming 24-hour interval ceremony of children that is prevalent throughout much of Africa, where prayers are bestowed on the new-born afterward vii days of life. This ritual seems to live an ongoing traditional African ritual without regard to Islam or Christianity. The practise of taking to a greater extent than than ane married adult woman also preceded the advent of Islam. Although the Zarma practise of polygamy, every bit inward the past, is by as well as large associated amongst older as well as wealthy men, its pre-Islamic root important remains associated amongst spiritual evolution, cultural maturation, as well as identify unit of measurement enhancement. Polygamy is highly valued amid Zarma men, but monogamy is to a greater extent than mutual statistically, accounting for seventy to eighty percent of all households. The incidence of polygamy is higher among older as well as wealthier men; it is considered prove of social success.
Regarding African religions, the Zarma stand upwards for the complex intersect betwixt the retentions of traditional African spiritual systems as well as the (forced) adoption of ane or some other of the major orthodox religions. In the illustration of the Zarma, the adopted faith is Islam. Understanding the complexity of this intersect is farther exacerbated past times the hegemonic technique of either omitting whatever detailed as well as respectful give-and-take of the traditional African spiritual beliefs or, inward the discussion, codifying the traditional beliefs inward denigrating or demonic damage as well as interpretations.
DailyMotion Zarma civilization clips
Zarma - Songhay culture: yeenandi, the pelting dance
This video is business office of Jean Rouch film titled "Yenendi, les hommes qui font la pluie" (Yenendi, the men who brand rain) made inward 1951. Yenendi or yeenandi is a ritual ceremony, the celebration of rain. The celluloid was shot inward the Songhay village Simiri in Niger. The length of the original celluloid is 29 minutes, the video shows ane as well as a one-half minute.
By the summons of the drummers of the calabashes as well as the actor of the violin the trip the lite fantastic of the possession begins. One past times ane the spirits "mount their horses": Moussa the spirit of the wind, Niabri goddess of the earth, Sadyara the rainbow, Tyirey master of lightning, Hausakoy original of divine inspiration, and Dongo master of the thunder as well as rain. Next the priest as well as the faithful consult the "hampi", a ritual clay pot filled amongst H2O as well as millet grains that represents the firmament of the coming rainy flavour set on earth. During a novel possession, Dongo knocks over the pot of the firmament, the rains of the coming rainy flavour autumn on the world of Simiri . Based on the pattern of lines of H2O as well as the distribution of the grains, the men know whether the flavour volition live practiced as well as the harvest abundant [source: Africiné].
The Zarma-Songhai believe, every bit is truthful amongst most African peoples, that all living things direct maintain a knowable as well as knowing spirit as well as that every bit human spirits people tin terminate straight as well as deeply communicate amongst the spirit realm. Spirit piece of job as well as reunions (often misunderstood every bit spirit possession) are mutual practices that are believed to direct maintain healing powers. The Zarma, similar other African peoples, know that humans alive amid the various forces of the surroundings as well as the unloosen energy of the world completes human society. In effect, the traditional beliefs of the Zarma utilize as well as channel the collective life strength to recognize that these "forces as well as waves" are God inward motion. The Zarma-Songhai believe that the dissimilar concentration of spiritual unloosen energy direct maintain dissimilar purpose as well as effects. There are, for instance, "cold" spirits that command the forces of nature as well as in that location are spirits that command illness.
The Zarma believe that a living somebody consists of the trunk (ga), the invisible double (biya), which gives each somebody his or her singularity as well as the life strength (fundi). These elements are believed to breakup at death.
The Zarma brand fine basketry inward exceptional the colorful, hand-dyed mats, covers, as well as hangers of storage containers, which are made past times women from Doum-palm leaves. They are good known for their pottery as well as their woven blankets.
The staple crop of the Zarma is millet which is inter-cropped amongst cowpeas, sorrel, as well as Bambara as well as other groundnuts. Sorghum as well as manioc are also cultivated inward areas amongst heavier soils. Agriculture relies on household project as well as piece of job of uncomplicated manus tools as well as real express piece of job of brute traction. The Zarma lift minor ruminants as well as poultry that render meat for religious ceremonies, baptisms as well as other special occasions.
Zarma farmers
Zarma women brand evidently as well as brightly colored mats, circular covers as well as hangers for storage containers from Doum-palm leaves as well as engage inward piddling trading within Niger, piece Zarma men piece of job the leaves to brand rope and engage inward long distant trading.
Zarma women
While Zarmakoy Aboubacar founded the Dosso solid ground from his ain Taguru clan about 1750, it remained a minor collection of villages inward the Dallol Bosso valley until the 1820s, when it led much of the resistance to the Sokoto Caliphate. While Dosso cruel nether the command of the Amir of Gando (a sub partition of Sokoto) betwixt 1849 as well as 1856, they retained their Zarmakoy as well as the nominal dominion of a much larger Zarma territory, as well as were converted to Islam. Under Zarmakoy Kossom (r. 1856-65), Dosso united all of the eastern Zarma, as well as left a minor solid ground stretching from Tibbo as well as Beri inward the north, to Gafiadey inward the south, as well as to Bankadey as well as Tombokware inward the east.
The linguistic communication of the Zarma is a dialect of the Nilo-Saharan linguistic communication family. Traditionally, the Zarma as well as Songhai people thought themselves every bit ane family. The Zarma should to a greater extent than accurately live called the Zarma-Songhai. They have, inward general, a less strict attachment to Islam as well as direct maintain inward many ways resisted the total as well as complete conversion experience.
Zarma human amongst kids
Although it is estimated that 75% to 80% of the Zarma profess to live Muslim as well as 1% to 2% to live Christian, traditional African spiritual systems serve every bit the unrecognized grounding belief for all
Zarma-Songhai. In general, the Islamic beliefs of the Zarma-Songhai direct maintain been past times agency of syncretism blended amongst traditional spiritual beliefs.
Photograph past times Eliot Elisofon, 1970.
Among the Zarma, the Islamic rituals as well as ceremonies are centered on the observance of Ramadan, which involves fasting as well as the paying of alms for the poor, Tabaski, which is also called the Festival of Sacrifice, as well as the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday. The syncretism is obvious inward the ritual of the naming 24-hour interval ceremony of children that is prevalent throughout much of Africa, where prayers are bestowed on the new-born afterward vii days of life. This ritual seems to live an ongoing traditional African ritual without regard to Islam or Christianity. The practise of taking to a greater extent than than ane married adult woman also preceded the advent of Islam. Although the Zarma practise of polygamy, every bit inward the past, is by as well as large associated amongst older as well as wealthy men, its pre-Islamic root important remains associated amongst spiritual evolution, cultural maturation, as well as identify unit of measurement enhancement. Polygamy is highly valued amid Zarma men, but monogamy is to a greater extent than mutual statistically, accounting for seventy to eighty percent of all households. The incidence of polygamy is higher among older as well as wealthier men; it is considered prove of social success.
Regarding African religions, the Zarma stand upwards for the complex intersect betwixt the retentions of traditional African spiritual systems as well as the (forced) adoption of ane or some other of the major orthodox religions. In the illustration of the Zarma, the adopted faith is Islam. Understanding the complexity of this intersect is farther exacerbated past times the hegemonic technique of either omitting whatever detailed as well as respectful give-and-take of the traditional African spiritual beliefs or, inward the discussion, codifying the traditional beliefs inward denigrating or demonic damage as well as interpretations.
DailyMotion Zarma civilization clips
Zarma - Songhay culture: yeenandi, the pelting dance
This video is business office of Jean Rouch film titled "Yenendi, les hommes qui font la pluie" (Yenendi, the men who brand rain) made inward 1951. Yenendi or yeenandi is a ritual ceremony, the celebration of rain. The celluloid was shot inward the Songhay village Wogo. Djamo is a traditional braider of pilus as well as inward this episode she does shopping for her piece of job on the local market. Thereafter, she takes the boat to her village Sawani and sails the Niger river. The marketplace seat is the primary coming together as well as trading identify as well as the river is an essential carry route; this becomes real clear piece looking the video.
DailyMotion Zarma civilization clips
Zarma - Songhay culture: Waffa braiding (part 2)
Waffa turuyaη, Waffa braiding, business office 2Hair braiding starts amongst combing as well as washing of the hair. After combing, Djamo washed the pilus amongst a gummy liquid. This liquid is made of H2O as well as leafs as well as roots of a flora named ganda foy or sauce of the earth. Thereafter, she removes this gummy liquid amongst a washing soda solution. Djamo finishes the pre-treatment amongst a massage of the pilus with savon biyo (black soap). While the pilus gets the fourth dimension to dry, the photographic television set camera shows us how the women of the hamlet accept assist of the maintenance of the walls that due to weathering as well as erosion demand a fresh layer of mud. Back to braiding, the Comal (Tchomal) is considered every bit the architectural pillar of the Waffa pilus style. The Comal is made of slice of textile as well as is folded inward the presence of the customer. The Comal is placed inward the middle on the head. Sometimes the barber places amulets nether the Comal, which incorporate Koran verses. Djamo uses butter of cows to brand the hairs supple as well as charcoal pulverisation to forestall slipping of the fingers during braiding. Of course, Djamo complains the the youngsters create braid their hair, but they create non know how to actually braid the Waffa pilus style.
DailyMotion Zarma civilization clips
Zarma - Songhay culture: Waffa braiding (part 3)
Waffa turuyaη, Waffa braiding, business office 3The foundations has been laid, what follows is the finishing off of the piece of job of art. Two layers of braids are needed to cover the Comal completely. The kickoff layer is used to buy the farm on the Comal inward place. The 2d layer serves to shroud the Comal from view. Although Koran verses are used inward the amulet, the Marabous claim that the Koran forbids the piece of job of the Comal inward braiding as well as that the Comal volition transform into a serpent that volition kill the wearer. The truthful reason, according to Djamo, is that the textile takes op moistures during the ritual washing. She complains women are less interested inward the old fashion as well as customs, as well as that, therefore, she has to arrange herself to the modern pilus styles. This business office of the video shows, every bit an interlude, some domestic activities of the Wogo women. The finishing carry upon of braiding consist of making 2 fine sparse braids to which decorations tin terminate live attached. As decorations coins of onetime times are used, which are thoroughly cleaned as well as polished. Each type of coins has its ain significance as well as value. Djamo leaves the attachment of the coins to a younger women, an old apprentice, every bit Djamo doesn't see that good anymore. At the end, the adult woman amongst newly braided pilus dresses herself amongst a traditional garments as well as she performs a dance.
Zarma women similar to tattoo their trunk amongst awesome designs that direct maintain been copied past times others.
Zarma women
While Zarmakoy Aboubacar founded the Dosso solid ground from his ain Taguru clan about 1750, it remained a minor collection of villages inward the Dallol Bosso valley until the 1820s, when it led much of the resistance to the Sokoto Caliphate. While Dosso cruel nether the command of the Amir of Gando (a sub partition of Sokoto) betwixt 1849 as well as 1856, they retained their Zarmakoy as well as the nominal dominion of a much larger Zarma territory, as well as were converted to Islam. Under Zarmakoy Kossom (r. 1856-65), Dosso united all of the eastern Zarma, as well as left a minor solid ground stretching from Tibbo as well as Beri inward the north, to Gafiadey inward the south, as well as to Bankadey as well as Tombokware inward the east.
The linguistic communication of the Zarma is a dialect of the Nilo-Saharan linguistic communication family. Traditionally, the Zarma as well as Songhai people thought themselves every bit ane family. The Zarma should to a greater extent than accurately live called the Zarma-Songhai. They have, inward general, a less strict attachment to Islam as well as direct maintain inward many ways resisted the total as well as complete conversion experience.
Zarma human amongst kids
Although it is estimated that 75% to 80% of the Zarma profess to live Muslim as well as 1% to 2% to live Christian, traditional African spiritual systems serve every bit the unrecognized grounding belief for all
Zarma-Songhai. In general, the Islamic beliefs of the Zarma-Songhai direct maintain been past times agency of syncretism blended amongst traditional spiritual beliefs.
Photograph past times Eliot Elisofon, 1970.
Among the Zarma, the Islamic rituals as well as ceremonies are centered on the observance of Ramadan, which involves fasting as well as the paying of alms for the poor, Tabaski, which is also called the Festival of Sacrifice, as well as the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday. The syncretism is obvious inward the ritual of the naming 24-hour interval ceremony of children that is prevalent throughout much of Africa, where prayers are bestowed on the new-born afterward vii days of life. This ritual seems to live an ongoing traditional African ritual without regard to Islam or Christianity. The practise of taking to a greater extent than than ane married adult woman also preceded the advent of Islam. Although the Zarma practise of polygamy, every bit inward the past, is by as well as large associated amongst older as well as wealthy men, its pre-Islamic root important remains associated amongst spiritual evolution, cultural maturation, as well as identify unit of measurement enhancement. Polygamy is highly valued amid Zarma men, but monogamy is to a greater extent than mutual statistically, accounting for seventy to eighty percent of all households. The incidence of polygamy is higher among older as well as wealthier men; it is considered prove of social success.
Regarding African religions, the Zarma stand upwards for the complex intersect betwixt the retentions of traditional African spiritual systems as well as the (forced) adoption of ane or some other of the major orthodox religions. In the illustration of the Zarma, the adopted faith is Islam. Understanding the complexity of this intersect is farther exacerbated past times the hegemonic technique of either omitting whatever detailed as well as respectful give-and-take of the traditional African spiritual beliefs or, inward the discussion, codifying the traditional beliefs inward denigrating or demonic damage as well as interpretations.
DailyMotion Zarma civilization clips
Zarma - Songhay culture: yeenandi, the pelting dance
This video is business office of Jean Rouch film titled "Yenendi, les hommes qui font la pluie" (Yenendi, the men who brand rain) made inward 1951. Yenendi or yeenandi is a ritual ceremony, the celebration of rain. The celluloid was shot inward the Songhay village baŋa, the baŋawi or bangawi inward Zarma, is a unsafe adventure. An brute of several tons may ready on the hunters. Therefore the hunters (sorko) built a large boat amongst thick sides that volition resist such an attack. They piece of job woods of the tokey or tokkay tree. Harpoons (harji) are constructed amongst a float made of a parcel of lite stalks. To kill the hippo they piece of job a pike (yaji or yagui) Preparations accept a long fourth dimension as well as include a possession ritual lasting for hours as well as devoted to Harakoy Dikko, deity of the Niger River as well as woman raise of the Tooru spirits. These are the nobles of the spirit world, the deities of nature. The possession ritual finishes amongst the Hauka spirits, the spirits of colonization or spirits of force.
Follow the 2 links below to sentinel the excerpts of Hippo Hunting
Zarma people merely similar other warrior African people also direct maintain traditional wrestling games which they organized to entertain their communities.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 consummate listing of finalist is given here.
The Zarma are a people who are proud of their heritage as well as resist the changes that are occurring about them. Their alternative to follow the faith of their ancestors is non respected every bit the efforts to proselytize them are beingness stepped upwards past times the Christian missionaries. The Zarma-Songhai are literally nether ready on past times Christian evangelists. It is assumed past times the evangelists that the Zarma are a Godless people.
Although the Niger regime allows liberty of worship, the Zarma direct maintain been earmarked for conversion to Christianity. The freedom of Christian missionaries to preach the word of God overrides the liberty of religious expression on the business office of the Zarma people. Not to a greater extent than than 2% of the Zarma people direct maintain embraced Christianity. Of these, many are embracing Christianity afterward feeling the effects of famine. The Zarma are willing to take heed the message of Jesus inward reply to the Christians, who inward their "conditional" generosity direct maintain delivered famine relief to them inward telephone commutation for Bible worship .
Zarbarma girls studying
Source;http://www.nalrc.indiana.edu/brochures/Zarma_Niger.pdf
http://www.djerma.nl/index.html
Zarbarma women serving chilled moo-cow milk
Zarma kids carrying H2O to their Homes
Kids giving their best to win the drag-a-tire game inward the Niger desert.
Zarma adult woman carrying her infant on her back
Follow the 2 links below to sentinel the excerpts of Hippo Hunting
Zarma people merely similar other warrior African people also direct maintain traditional wrestling games which they organized to entertain their communities.
YouTube Zarma civilization clips
Short summary of the in conclusion of the 33th edition of the traditional wrestling games inward Maradi, Niger on 5 March 2012. The in conclusion is betwixt Yacouba Adamou from the Niamey share as well as Laminou Maidaba from Agedez, 27 years as well as 100 kg. This in conclusion lasted for close xiii minutes. Laminou Maidaba wins the sabre for the 3rd time. For the extended video version, see below.
At these games were eighty wrestlers inward total, this is 10 per region.Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 consummate listing of finalist is given here.
Zarma kids happy amongst a provision of novel bore-hole inauguration
Although the Niger regime allows liberty of worship, the Zarma direct maintain been earmarked for conversion to Christianity. The freedom of Christian missionaries to preach the word of God overrides the liberty of religious expression on the business office of the Zarma people. Not to a greater extent than than 2% of the Zarma people direct maintain embraced Christianity. Of these, many are embracing Christianity afterward feeling the effects of famine. The Zarma are willing to take heed the message of Jesus inward reply to the Christians, who inward their "conditional" generosity direct maintain delivered famine relief to them inward telephone commutation for Bible worship .
Zarbarma girls studying
Source;http://www.nalrc.indiana.edu/brochures/Zarma_Niger.pdf
http://www.djerma.nl/index.html
Zarbarma women serving chilled moo-cow milk
Zarma kids carrying H2O to their Homes
Kids giving their best to win the drag-a-tire game inward the Niger desert.
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| Français : Jeunes filles en tenue traditionnelle Djerma, au cours d'une manifestation. Aujourd'hui, la plupart des femmes Djerma portent des vêtements modernes. Habillement décrit dans l'article Djermas. (Photo credit: Wikipedia) |
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