Info For Yous Denkyira People: Ancient Akan Warlords Inwards Ghana
Denkyira people are ancient warlords as well as matriarchal Kwa-speaking people which forms the sub-set of the larger Akan ethnic grouping residing inwards the Central Region of Ghana. The Denkyira people who were ane time a famous kingdom until Asante people brought it to its knees, speak Akan Twi linguistic communication as well as tin live found inwards Twifo Ati-Mokwa (Hemang lower Denkyira) as well as Upper Denkyira districts.
Denkyira girls performing traditional Adowa trip the low-cal fantastic toe at the forecourt of the Denkyirahene`s palace
The uppercase of the Denkyira people is Jukwa as well as has a powerful as well as respectable traditional ruler Odeefuo Boa Amponsem III.
Denkyira traditional gilded miner (Galamsey man).
Location
Denkyira people are located inwards both Twifo Ati Mokwa as well as Upper Denyira East as well as West districts. The Twifo-Ati Mokwa District (formerly Twifo-Heman Lower Denkyira District) with its uppercase Twifo Praso is ane of the 20 District Assemblies inwards the Central Region of Ghana.
Kakum National Park, Jukwa
It has a total terra firma expanse of 1199km2 as well as 1,510 settlements. The district also has 8 Area councils as well as 4 paramounticies call Hemang, Denkyira, Twifo as well as Affi Monkwaa.
Beautiful Denkyira girl
It is located betwixt latitudes 5’50’N as well as 5’51’ N as well as Longitudes 1’50W as well as 1’10’W. it is bounded on the due north yesteryear the Upper Denkyira East Municipal on the southward yesteryear the Abura Asebu Kwamankese, Cape Coast as well as Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem, on the westward yesteryear the Mpohor Wassa East District as well as the East yesteryear the Assin North Municipal.
The Upper Denkyira East Municipal is ane of the xx Administrative Districts of the Central Region. It lies inside latitudes 5°. 30’ as well as 6°. 02’ due north of the equator as well as longitudes 1° W as well as 2° W of the Greenwich Meridian.
It shares mutual boundaries with Bibiani - Anhwiaso Bekwai as well as Amansie West Districts on the north, Wassa Amenfi West as well as Wassa Amenfi East Districts on the northwest as well as westward respectively, Twifo-Ati Mokwa District as well as Assin North Municipal on the south, Obuasi Municipal on the southeast as well as Amansie Central on the northeast. The Upper Denkyira East Municipal covers a total terra firma expanse of 1700 foursquare kilometers, which is nigh 17% of total terra firma expanse of the Central Region.
Denkyira family,Kramokrom.
Language
Denkyira people speak Akan Twi linguistic communication which is a Kwa linguistic communication belonging to the larger Niger-Congo phylum. Denkyira Twi is but similar Asante Twi as well as is intelligible to every Akan Twi language.
Denkyira immature adult woman dancing adowa
History
Traditions claim that the founding fathers of Upper as well as Lower Denkyira inwards the Central Region originally lived inwards the Mande areas, inVoltaic Region, southward of the Niger Bend. They deserted the part owing to the arid nature of the terra firma that led to famine as well as hostilities.They migrated south-westwards, crossed the Volta and reached the Tekyiman (Techiman) inwards the Ancient Bono State around 1570.
After a time, he migrants lived for a patch with the Nkyiras inwards the same region. They were at the fourth dimension known every bit ADAWUFO, hence the maxim ‘Adawu, Dawu Denkyira, mene-sono.’ (lit’. Adawu Dawu Denkyira, the swallowers of elephants’), which became the honorific byname of the Denkyira people. "They stayed with the Nkyiraa for to a greater extent than than a century as well as learned their institutions so good that people said ‘’they had go similar the Nkyiraa’’ (‘Dan- Nkyiraa i.e. dependency on Nkyiraa) (See: Daaku K. Y. ‘Oral Tradition of Denkyira’, I. A. S., Legon, 1970).
When the Denkyira finally decided to motility southwards into the key wood region, c.16th century, they did so nether the leadership of Nana Ayekraa Adeboa of Agona clan, the maiden of all adult woman ruler, who settled them at Tutumbe (which had been established yesteryear the Asakyiri clan) close Bonatifi, nigh 3.5 kilometres from Adanse Akorokyere.
It is asserted that the rulers of Denkyira, Akyem Oda as well as Bodweseanwo belong to the same ethnic grouping of Agona clan bound together yesteryear a mutual ancestry, Bomaasi. She had 3 daughters namely, Agobani who became the ancestress of Denkyira Abankesieso (Agona Piesie), Anadineho the ancestress of Akyem Oda (Agona Manu) as well as Siema’s descendants (Agona Mensah) established Bodweseanowo.
Denkyirahemaa (Queen woman raise of Denkyira), Nana Ama Ayensua Saraa II
After a glorious long reign, Nana Ayekraa Adeboa died. Her eldest son, Annin Panyin, became the maiden of all manful individual ruler; he also enjoyed a long, but uneventful reign. He was succeeded yesteryear 2 brothers, Ahi as well as Aha, who belike ruled together because of the mutual call Ahahiaha dynasty. They spent the greater business office of their reign inwards exploration, as well as yesteryear so a highly developed as well as efficient political unit of measurement had already been formed.
The side yesteryear side ruler was Mumunumfi. He felt envious of the Adansehene Otibireku Asare who had amassed wealth as well as was powerful. He declared state of war on Adanse, inflicting a crushing defeat on them. He appointed Awurade Basa to steer the affairs of the vanquished Adanse.
Mumunumfi was succeeded yesteryear Wirempe Ampem (1624-37). He operated a armed services mechanism consisting of divisional units, as well as after routing the Aowin, he founded the famous capital, ABANKESIESO BANSO which consisted 77 localities nigh 24 kilometres from Jacobu, westward from Adanse Akorokyere territory which became a large sprawling kingdom.
The manful individual monarch had a strong organized province army, as well as he became an absolute ruler. That was the offset of the reign of terror, hence the saying: “Wirempe Ampem a wo din yem mo”, meaning, ‘Wirempe Ampem, whose call is non to live uttered’. Unfortunately he died inwards ane of his campaigns inwards the westward as well as was succeeded yesteryear a immature man child at the tender historic menses of eight. He was rushed to the battlefield to boost their morale amid dandy jubilation. Then, the blood royals were minors. The novel manful individual monarch was Boa Amponsem Dakabere.
Throughout his reign, Boa Amponsem’s ascendence was felt over much of Asante as well as its hinterland. To this effective dominion was the allusion: ‘’Kotoko som Amponsem’’, i.e. ‘the porcupine (Asante) is retainer to Amponsem (Denkyira)’. The Denkyira kingdom grew rattling rich as well as became known to the Europeans on the Atlantic shores every bit a people with dandy quantities of alluvial gold. During the reign of Boa Amponsem I,
he could afford to have got novel gilded ornaments cast for every ceremonial occasion; gilded used ane time for anything was never used again. This earned him the epithet "Boa Amponsem a, odi sika tomprada" (Boa Amposem who eats fresh gold). Even when Osei Tutu was young; his uncle Opoku Ware sent him to the courtroom of Denkyira to serve every bit a page. At the same time, Okomfo Anokye was the wizard as well as visionary of King Boa Amponsem. The kingdom at the same fourth dimension grew so rich that Denkyira was the principal State for the Dutch merchants for their abundant as well as reasonably pure gold. He ruled wisely as well as was unrivaled. Upon his demise (1692), the people were bereft of their leader.
His nephew Ntim Gyakari, succeeded as well as ruled yesteryear pride as well as arrogance. This is confirmed yesteryear documentary evidence every bit Bossman, an impartial as well as contemporary observer wrote: ‘’Denkyira, elevated yesteryear its dandy riches as well as powerfulness became arrogant that it looked on all other Negroes with contemptible eye, esteeming them no to a greater extent than than slaves.’’ (See: W. Bossman – ‘A New as well as Accurate description of the Coast of Guinea’ reprinted 1907). Everyone hated Denkyira as well as waited for the fourth dimension when their powerfulness would fall.
IN 1699 the Denkyira Kingdom was at its fullest extent, patch wealth as well as conquest brought with it pride as well as arrogance during the reign of Ntim Gyakari.
Meanwhile, King Osei Tutu I assisted yesteryear Okomfo Anokye, his dandy friend, priest as well as constitutional adviser, were busy trying to discovery a casus belli inwards monastic enjoin to launch a total scale armed services operation. And every bit if yesteryear fate or design, Ntim Gyakari did a thing that made state of war inevitable. The manful individual monarch “sent a messenger to Kumase, bearing a brass pan, as well as told Osei Tutu as well as the chiefs of Asante to fill upwardly the pan with gilded as well as send it dorsum to him
Each Asante main was to send to Abankesieso, his favourite married adult woman to human activity every bit wet-nurse (mmagyegyefo) to the manful individual monarch of Denkyira” (See: W.E. Ward, ‘Short History of Ghana’ pp. 32 – 33). Indeed, they considered the demand, an insult to their dignity.
War drums were sounded across the length as well as breadth of the state. This was equivalent to a proclamation of war. The whole of the diverse independent units were commanded yesteryear the Mamponhene Boahinantuo. Ntim Gykari was sure as shooting that he would trounce the Asante regular army so he was non seen at the battlefield, instead he stayed inwards his tent playing the Oware-game with his wife.
The main Asante regular army eventually met the opposing forcefulness at Feyiase betwixt Kuntenase as well as Kumase. The Juaben unit of measurement hurriedly unopen inwards as well as surrounded Ntim Gyakari who was sitting with golden fetters upon his ankles as well as made him a prisoner. They took him to Kumase where he was tried as well as executed.
Ntim Gyakeri’s torso was divided every bit follows: his caput was given to the Asantehene, his left-leg os to Asumegya, right-leg os to Mampon, the vertebrae to Aduaben. These 3 Stools were permitted yesteryear Kumase to re-create the regalia of Ntim Gyakari (vide: R.S. Rattery, “Ashanti Law as well as Constitution”. 1956, p.132).
The Asante carried their victory into Denkyira proper as well as ransacked its uppercase Abankesieso, mid-1701. They carried into slavery, many of the best craftsmen of Denyira as well as employed them inwards making weights inwards Kumase. In fact, it was a state of war which left indelible impressions on the history of Denkyira.
There is the saying: “Ntim Gyakari asoa ne human being akobo Feyiase”, ‘lit. ‘Ntim Gyakari carried his land as well as wrecked her at Feyiase. ‘Which catastrophe occurred on a Friday, hence the source of the Denkyira Oath, “Fiada ne Denkyira’ next this national disgrace.
The Agona clan brothers–Akyem Oda, as well as Bodweseanwo – went to the assistance of their senior brother, Denkyira, inwards this war; so the Asantehene initiated the policy carve upwardly as well as dominion amidst the 3 clan brothers. By this measure, Akyem Odahene was placed nether the Anantahene of Kumase, Boadweseanwohene nether Dadeasohene, patch Denkyirahene came nether the Bantamahene. As a result, the supremacy of Denkyira waned.
The narration is that after the decease of King Osei Tutu Mpimso (in 1717 according to Prof. Adu Boahen inwards his Article ‘When did Osei Tutu die?‘ THSG, 1975, Legon, pp. 87–92). Denkyinahene Buadu Akafu Brempon resolved to select revenge on Asante, but the Asante regular army chop-chop moved inwards to nip the insurrection inwards the bud.
Yet, at that topographic point was some other revolt during the fourth dimension of Denkyirahene Owusu Bore I which proved a fiasco. Again, the Denkyira took payoff of the decease of the Asantehene Osei Kwadwo (1781) as well as made some other endeavour to re-establish their independence, but the revolt was suppressed for the 3rd time.
The Denkyira remain inwards westward Adanse had been stormy, so they vowed to quit the region. Consequently, during the reign of the 15th Dekyirahene Nana Kwadwo Tibu I, they moved southwards after the Asante – Gyaman War, 1818, as well as founded their novel province JUKWA.
The immediate get of the flying was that the Asante regular army took the champaign against Gyamanhene Adinkra. The Denkyirahene as well as his troops entered Gyaman nether the pretext to smoke a peace pipage with Adinkra who claimed Agona clan human relationship with Nana Tibu. However, Adinkra realized that the rapidity of Denkyira advance was rather for state of war than negotiation for peace. Adinkra fired as well as he was hitting on the oral fissure yesteryear the explosion of his ain gun as well as died instantly. The skull was brought to Kumase every bit a state of war trophy accompanied yesteryear Apau, the boy of Adinkra.
Traditions aver that the Denkyira contingent received a mutual depression temperature welcome inwards Kumase with the next remarks yesteryear the Asantehene himself who pronounced: “Kwadwo, woko ma ni woko afa e?“ That is: “in your create out for another, this is your zeal; so what are yous if fighting on your ain behalf’?”
This contestation was unaccepted by, as well as upset, the Denkyira. It was an aspect that the Asantehene had hatred for the Denkyira.
King’s linguist holds the stick inwards funerals. (Red as well as dark are the colors of a funeral)
Brief Introduction: Each manful individual monarch has his ain symbol on the stick. The ostrich tin plough its cervix dorsum as well as forth, collecting all the information during the wars, pregnant that Denkyira people are warlords who tin create out their enemies.
The telephone call upwardly for emigration southwards went across the length as well as breadth of Denkyira, as well as they followed Nana Tibu to the southward across the Offin River at Nkyenkyenso close Aboaboso, passing through Wassaw, Fiase Mpoho, as well as finally halted at Cape Coast.
The Governor advised them to remain at Kakomdo (or Essakyiri). But this position could non comprise their large number, so after a sojourn, they moved through the wood as well as finally settled at a position nigh 22 kilometres north-west of Cape Coast.
The indigenous settlers were of the Abrade menage unit of measurement at Banaso nether Tueni Kodee. Since they were few as well as had no Paramount Chief, the Denkyira decided to absorb them as well as at that topographic point was a recrudescence of inter-clan skirmishes. The Governor, therefore, intervened as well as ruled that the Pra River should go the natural boundary betwixt them definitely to safe-guard the frontier of their novel state.
Upon their arrival, the Denkyiras observed that the whole expanse was rattling peaceful, hence the novel call DWOKWA, ie. ‘Nothing but peace’. Thus ‘EHA DWO KWA’ became corrupted into DWUKWA (Anglicized JUKWA).
Pεmtεmprεm aa Omenesono/King’s Linguist Staff with Symbol of Denkyira Kingdom
•Usage: King’s linguist holds it inwards festivals, such every bit main installations.
•Brief Introduction: Elephant is the symbol of the province which stand upwardly for strength as well as braveness. It is solely a muddied expanse that tin easily sink, swallow or acquire an elephant stuck. This symbolizes the Kingdom’s powerfulness to defeat all powers.
In 1868 Denkyira entered the Fante Confederacy to create out for Britain against the Ashanti as well as the Dutch. When the confederacy proved unable to defeat the Ashanti, it became a business office of the British colony Gold Coast inwards 1874. In 1957 Gold Coast became independent every bit Ghana.
JUKWA became the principal town as well as the topographic point of the Kyidom Wing, patch Dunkwa has been the administrative uppercase since 1943.
Ahenema/Royal Slippers
•Material: Leather/cloth/brass
•Usage: The manful individual monarch wears it daily as well as during festivals.
•Brief Introduction: The tortoise is an beast well-protected with shells, representing the strong defence forcefulness the Denkyira people portrayed during wars. The hawk is a sacred aeroplane inwards Denkyira civilization so symbols of these animals are displayed on the slippers.
Decline/Collapse of Denkyira Kingdom
By: A. M. Kufuor
Email: opemsuo@gmail.com
Facebook: http://m.facebook.com/amkufuor
In the menses leading upwardly to the Feyiase war, large publish of Denkyira subjects fled to Kwaman (now Kumasi) to escape the demands of Abankeseso (also known every bit Ntibanso - a large metropolis with 77 streets watered yesteryear 7 streams, was the uppercase of the Denkyira Empire). Abankeseso had a threshold of Abuakwa (in Kumasi) extended northwards to Jacobu inwards the Amensi Central District. That is it extended 6 miles radius from which ‘’Osansa’’ (the hawk) could non wing across.
In 1694, King Boa Amponsem I of Denkyira died after xl years reign; he was succeeded yesteryear his relative, Ntim Gyakari (1694-1701). King Ntim Gyakari was philanderer as well as also a capricious immature human being of uncertain judgment. His continuous increased inwards demands provoked resistance from a coalition of his northern tributaries famously led yesteryear Osei Tutu of Kumasi. The most of import of these demands was when the King sent his messenger, Abebrese, to Kumasi with a message as well as because Osei Tutu had given protection to Oduro Agyensamoo of Assin (a human being wanted inwards Abankeseso for questioning the King of Denkyira nigh the circumstances of Boa Amponsem’s death), that because Osei Tutu waged state of war against Dormaa Kusi of Dormaa his beau subordinate main nether Denkyira without his permission, the King of Denkyira demanded from the Asantehene the following: firstly, the Asantes should fill upwardly the brass-pan (brought yesteryear Abebrese) to the brim with pure gold. Secondly, each of the Asante chiefs should send to the King of Denkyira ‘Kyekyerekona’ - a long necklace worn yesteryear king’s wives every bit a sign of submission. Thirdly, each of the Asante chiefs must deliver his favourite married adult woman to the King inwards marriage. Finally, the Asantehene as well as each of his provincial chiefs must deliver his love kid to live sent to Abankeseso.
Another argue was the tyrant dominion of King Ntim Gyakari as well as this led to to a greater extent than than one-half of Denkyiras fighting amongst with the Asantes against him (Ntim Gyakari).
As Komfo Anokye was famously quoted every bit maxim “all the soldiers of Asante cannot live compared to the smallest wing of the Denkyirahene, so I would modify the heed of one-half of their armies inwards such a agency that during the war, one-half of them volition come upwardly to assist you.” Whatever the truth is, every bit a Prince of the Denkyira state, what led to the massive exodus of Denkyiras to Asante was every bit a outcome of the punitive ruled of Ntim Gyakari non the so-called miracle claimed to live performed yesteryear Anokye Komfo.
The maiden of all town which changed allegiance from Ntim Gyakari to Osei Tutu was the Abooso people. Abooso was a town which lay inwards the vicinity of Adansi Akrokeri as well as Abankeseso. The inhabitants of this town were called Bontwumafo - the ruby clay people. The Denkyirahene made 10 classes of men as well as women. These men as well as women were at that topographic point to offering their bodies every bit a sacrificed to the King whenever a fellow member of the royal menage unit of measurement top on as well as these people were called Bontwumafo [Boa(mponsem’s ntwomafo- ruby clay people]. That was when whatsoever royal personage died, 100 men of these Bontwumafo were sacrificed during the funeral as well as their blood was used every bit ruby clay inwards paradigm some parts of the torso of the deceased as well as their bodies were placed inwards the grave on which the coffin was laid.
Ntim Gyakari, a human being famously interested inwards women, took an Abooso wife. Then his woman raise savage mortally ill. Learning of this, the married adult woman went to Abooso to alarm her ‘‘Bontwumafo’’ kin. When intelligence came that the King’s woman raise was dead, the Bontwumafo as well as the inhabitants of the surrounding towns straightaway fled to escape beingness immolated inwards dandy numbers as well as sought refuge with Osei Tutu at Kumasi. After the Feyiase War inwards 1701, Osei Tutu resettled these Bontwumafo inwards Atwima (now Atwima Mponua as well as Atwima Nwabiagya Districts) as well as their leader was made the Atwimahene.
When it was clear that the Bontwumafo were welcomed yesteryear Osei Tutu, others from Denkyira followed inwards numbers. Aboabo was a town close the Oda River. The town was inhabited yesteryear Denkyirahene’s shield-bearers (Akyamfuo) as well as villagers who prospected for gilded on the Ofin flats due east of Watreso. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 conflict arose betwixt the Akyamfuo as well as the villagers, as well as inwards the course of instruction of this, the villagers killed some of the shield-bearers. When Ntim Gyakari was told of the matter, he was incensed as well as summoned the villagers to appear earlier him. At the coming together the caput of the villagers, Owusu Koanyama abused the Occupant of the Bankam Dwa (the Denkyira Stool) maxim that the king’s ain servants (the shield-bearers) were ruffians who stole everything from the people. King Ntim Gyakari flew inwards a rage as well as ordered that Owusu Koanyama should live killed forthwith together with all his family. This was done on the spot. The villagers as well as the inhabitants of the towns unopen to Aboabo escaped to Asante. However, they took council with themselves to render dorsum to their habitation as well as beg the King to forgive them. Ntim Gyakari was inwards readiness to create out the Feyiase state of war as well as so he killed them as well as these scared the others inwards exiled to render home. Others of Ntim Gyakari’s household servants who also defected were the brothers Akwadan as well as Nuamoa, the main hornblowers of the Denkyirahene. They came to Kumasi with their golden horns as well as their large followers. They were resettled at Asuoyeboa (in Kumasi), as well as subsequently brought into Kumasi when Osei Tutu created the Asokwa (in Kumasi) stool for them so that they mightiness human activity every bit his traders every bit good every bit his hornblowers. Similarly, the Denkyirahene’s caput drummer, fled to Osei Tutu with his sis Boatemaa Twum as well as many followers. Osei Tutu appointed him every bit Nkukuwafohene. There are many others that cannot live mentioned who came to Asante.
The most of import of all those who migrated which drastically reduced Ntim Gyakari’s powerfulness as well as his ascendence over northern Denkyira were the ‘Inkwayulaes or Nkawie people. Nkawie, 20 miles due north of Abankeseso, was the 2d most of import town inwards the Denkyira Empire. Nkawie was itself a province but similar Kwaman (Kumasi) state. It was ruled yesteryear a lineage that occupied a Stool from which yous go the King of Denkyira. Its woman individual stool was also occupied yesteryear Denkyirahene’s ‘nieces’, women who were eligible to go the Queenmother of Denkyira. This was to brand the enstoolment of Denkyira Kings smoothly after the King’s death, preventing disputed inwards the Royal family.
In 1660s, the 2 royal stools of Nkawie were occupied yesteryear Asenso Kufuor as well as his sis Adoma Akosua [Asenso Kufuor was the Great Grandfather of Nana Kwabena Kufuor who was Nkawiehene (in Ashanti Region) from 1901-1931 as well as subsequently became Denkyirahene from 1931-1941 with the Stool call Odeefuo Nkwantabisa III. Nana Kwabena Kufuor was also the biological manful individual raise of onetime President Kufuor’s mother, Ama Kufuor].
In 1694, after the decease of King Boa Amponsem I, Ntim Gyakari won over Asenso Kufuor inwards the competition to succeed Boa Amponsem. Boa Amponsem however, was non from the Denkyira Royal menage unit of measurement but came upwardly to select the Denkyira Stool every bit he was the famous warrior. So after his decease the Denkyiras’ gave the Bankam Dwa also called Offin Ba (a kid of the River Offin) inwards plough to Ntim Gyakari, his relative. Ntim Gyakari feared Kufuor may overthrow him, ordered Asenso Kufuor as well as his sis Adoma to reside at Abankeseso nether surveillance. Asenso Kufuor non satisfied with Ntim Gyakari’s atmospheric condition threw inwards his lot with Osei tutu as well as came to Kwaman. Since he was a royal eligible to go the King of Denkyira, he came with all his subordinate chiefs together with many guns as well as gold. Several Denkyira people including royals also followed him.
After Ntim Gyakari was killed at Feyiase, Asenso Kufuor was confirmed inwards the championship of Nkawiehene as well as went to alive inwards that town but non the old Nkawie which is unknown to geography as well as archaeology. All of Asenso Kufuor’s lands were restored to him after Bantamahene Apraku, successor of Amankwatia charged Nkawie with having failed inwards its duty to protect Kumasi from Ebirimoro of Sefwi who attacked Kumasi, whiles the Asantes were soundless fighting the Akyems. When the instance was heard yesteryear King Opoku Ware I, Bantamahene declared earlier the King that Nkawie was a royal of Denkyira Stool as well as was nursing a promise of breaking off from the Asantehene that is to brand himself the King of Denkyira inwards his turn, hence was non a truthful Asante Patriot. This made King Opoku Ware infuriated, at this plough of events as well as he fined Bantamahene every bit it had spoken to give away the origins of Nkawie which was forbidden yesteryear Asante custom every bit this prohibition was prominent amidst the so-called ‘Seventy-seven laws‘ of Komfo Anokye. The King of Asante so allowed them to used the old call ‘Nkawie’ as well as also extended Nkawie’s lands westward over the Offin River every bit far every bit Bibiani inwards the Western part which they soundless concord upwardly to now. However, up-to-date the Nkawie stool soundless remains the topographic point of Denkyira royalty, every bit Nana Kwabena Kufuor abdicated the Nkawie stool to occupy the Denkyira Stool after the decease of the Denkyirahene, Odeefuo Kwadwo Tibu II inwards 1931. Also when the Denkyirahene, Odeefuo Owusu Bori II was destooled yesteryear Kwame Nkrumah inwards 1950’s for indulging inwards politics, came as well as occupied the Nkawie stool after Nkrumah overthrew when his blood brother was already occupying the Denkyira Stool.
To conclude, both Denkyira as well as Asante traditions affirm that Asenso Kufuor shift of allegiance detached the largest province after Abankeseso from Ntim Gyakari’s control, as well as called into enquiry the reliability of much of northern Denkyira. Therefore, at the halt of 1701, when Abankeseso faced the Kwaman coalition that was to go Asante, it had many enemies as well as few friends as well as hence caused the autumn of the Denkyira Empire. (
Economy
Agriculture as well as its related activities constitute the most of import activities inwards the district. It provides occupation for nigh 46.0 per cent of the active working population. The predominant farm exercise is mixed cropping. The main crops grown are sometimes inter-cropped with vegetables as well as other crops cultivated for both habitation consumption as well as for sale. They grow crops similar cassava, Cocoa, palm oil trees etc.
Farmland so becomes an of import element inwards agricultural output and its ownership as well as usage have got a important consequence on total output. The district farmlands are acquired inwards several ways including private ownership or inheritance from landowners as well as mortgage.
The extensive wood has given rising to a large-scale timber extraction as well as illegal chainsaw operations inwards District. Apart from lumbering, the other major economical activities include crop/livestock farming as well as small-scale mining.
Industrial Sector
AGRO-PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
The main Agro-processing industries identified inwards the district are Palm-Oil Extraction, Rice – Milling as well as Soap Making, Cassava processing as well as Akpeteshie Distilling. The major processing activity goes on inside the premises of the Twifo Oil Palm Plantation (TOPP), which is the largest inwards the Central Region.
Industries play an of import role inwards the socio-economic evolution of the district. Processing of agricultural as well as other primary products are predominant inwards the district. The manufacture sector could live grouped nether the next sub-sectors.
a. Value addition/processing
b. B. Construction
c. Artisans as well as craftsmen
SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES
Palm Oil Extraction
This activity is carried out mainly at Mampong, Hemang, Ampenkro Eduaben, Ntrafrewaso, Jukwa as well as Nuamakrom. The source of the raw material, which is palm nut is from local farmers inwards the district.
An average of 5 casual labour are engaged inwards the activity. The average production of palm oil during the peak flavor is 10 drums per twenty-four hr menses as well as 6 drums per twenty-four hr menses inwards the lean season. The marketplace centers are inwards Cape coast, Techiman, Sunyani, Obuasi, Kasoa, Accra Tema, Takoradi as well as Elmina.
Rice Milling
The rice milling activities are located inwards Aklomah, Twifo Praso, Akwkrom Benponso, Agona, Ampekrom, Nuamakrom, Yao Annany No 4, Asarekwaku, Benpongya.
The raw rice is purchased from ane local farmer inside the catchment area. An average of 2 casual labourers are employed as well as an average of 10 bags of rice are processed a twenty-four hr menses during the peak season. The main marketplace Centres are located inwards Twifo Praso, Elmina, Kasoa as well as Takoradi
Cassava Processing
The cassava processing industries are located mainly inwards Kenkuase, Nuamakrom as well as several parts of the district. The products, gari as well as Konkonte usage raw cassava every bit their main source of raw material. Averages of 2 people are employed inwards each of the establishment. Tow bags of gari are produced a day. Markets for the products are located inwards Accra, Tema, Kumasi, Takoradi, Kasoa as well as Techiman.
Akpeteshie Distilling
One of the main locally produced Alcoholic drinks inwards the District is AKPETESHIE which is brewed from palm vino tapped from palm trees. The distilleries are located inwards Twifo Praso, Agona, Benpogya, Mampong, Hemang, Jukwa, Wawase, as well as Bukrusu.
Apart from the average of 2 people who are employed to distill this drink, palm fruit farmers, palm vino tappers as well as other also make goodness from this venture inwards damage of employment. The main marketplace centers are inwards Kumasi, Accra, Cape Coast, Elimina, Sekondi, Kasoa, Sunyani, Aflao, as well as Lome.
Soap Making
The production of lather is concentrated at Twifo Praso as well as New Mampong. This could live attributed to the presence of the raw stuff thus palm oil inwards the District. An average of 6 people are employed with nigh 7200 cakes of lather produced inwards a day, employing almost one-half of the youth inwards the area.
It is worthy of banker's bill that when the youth are employed, they tend to set upwardly their best to attract to a greater extent than investors to the are, enhancing evolution projects. This is so because they believe that they tin contribute their quota to their district instead of migrating to other parts of the country.
This helps authorities inwards its create out to curb the rural-urban drift inwards the terra firma which has caused the uppercase cities to live densely populated. The prevention of this rural-urban drift can, nonetheless live achieved through the creation of occupation non solely for the youth, but the entire people of a detail area.
The cakes of lather manufactured also create occupation inwards areas similar Kumasi, Accra, as well as Lome inwards the Republic of Togo, Aflao, Ho as well as Cotonou inwards the Republic of Republic of Benin where the need for the soaps are rattling high.
An illustration of lather manufacturing fellowship inwards the district is “Yewodze” Enterprise. With the availability of such raw materials as well as inexpensive human resource, the investing populace would live most welcomed if they select payoff of these opportunities.
Mining, Quarrying And Construction
The district is rich inwards mineral deposits including gold, diamond as well as manganese. These have got given payoff to those engaged inwards small-scale mining inwards gilded as well as diamond since they comprehend nigh 106 acres of land.
Some mining companies are already operating at Twifo Kojokrom, Twifo Aburochire, Twifo Brofoyedur, Twifo Praso as well as Atti Mokwaa. Mining thrives inwards the District since the District has extensive mineral deposits of God as well as Diamond that are found at Mfuom, River Botro, as well as Afiafio with several little scale mining firms involved. In add-on to mining, little scale activities inwards quarrying are undertaken inwards the district.
Entrepreneurs inwards the concern rely on rocky outcrops as well as boulders found on the hills as well as along the hilly slopes. Stones are conveyed to the lowlands mainly along the roads as well as so broken into chips. The chips are used every bit aggregate inwards edifice as well as route construction, both inwards as well as exterior the district. In add-on to these industries are artisans as well as craftsmen of diverse types ranging from hairdressers to goldsmiths.
Inheritance
The kinship scheme is of matrilineal lineage as well as every bit such inheritance is traditionally passed on from brothers to their sisters’ children.
Denkyira woman
Land Tenure
The terra firma tenure arrangements include possessor occupancy where the farmer is the possessor of the terra firma on which he/she works as well as provides all the necessary inputs for production as well as the other is the part tenancy where a terra firma possessor engages a farmer to operate on his terra firma as well as the proceeds shared.
There are 6 major ways of acquiring terra firma for farming purposes. There are allotment yesteryear chiefs, yesteryear menage unit of measurement heads, lease, inheritance, private ownership as well as hiring.
Story of Denkyira Odwira
Origin
In Akan when people say Odwira, it is a reference to the fourth dimension the paramount stool called “Bankam” descended from heaven. One twenty-four hr menses after a heavy rain, a fetish priestess called Ayekra Adeboe discovered the stool made yesteryear precious beats as well as gold. It’s believed that the stool is from sky as well as the soul of Denkyira. It is so surreptitious that no ane tin reckon as well as affect it except the royal family. The woman individual became the maiden of all manful individual monarch of Denkyira as well as inwards Akan people say “ebedwiri” hence the Odwira festival, so the festival is meant to score the descent of the paramount stool of Denkyira. Therefore nosotros tin reckon that it is purely a religious celebration. Odwira is also a menses of purification after battles or wars.
Purpose
ü for feeding the ancestral stools as well as the gods
ü for remembering the dead ancestors
ü re-unions as well as return for all Denkyira “home as well as abroad”
ü for rich display of civilization as well as merry-making
Conclusion:
There are solemn religious as well as ceremonies to sorrow remembrance of the dead as well as also merry-making
Before the festival
One calendar week earlier the festival, all the drums at the palace are brought out to live purified with mashed yam mixed with ruby oil (Palm oil) as well as from so drumming as well as noise-making is banned till everything is over. If a relative dies during the preparations the menage unit of measurement is non allowed to have got the funeral until after the festival. This menses of “Silence” is found necessary inwards monastic enjoin to give the ancestors as well as gods of the province the correct atmosphere inwards which they tin ready for the “Odwira”. This menses also serves to mentally ready whole Denkyira province for coming of the festival.
In dissimilar places
Everybody, including the youth select business office inwards this grooming earlier the actual start of the festival at Jukwa (traditional capital) as well as Dunkwa-on-Offin (the administrative capital). It is a unique celebration because it is the solely festival that is celebrated at 2 places (the traditional uppercase as well as the administrative capital).
Denkyira ahenema
Lord's Day – Keep Silence as well as Firing the Odwira Guns
On Lord's Day mid-night, a god of executioner “SASATIA” come upwardly to Jukwa from the town Abrafo.(about v kilometers due north of Jukwa) The residents select their god to the Gyaasehene’s theatre as well as inform the Denkyirahene of their arrival. No ane is supposed to set eyes on them or lose their life.
Twenty-one guns burn on top of massif inwards Jukwa. Seven stand upwardly for each of the 3 main traditional divisions of Denkyira-Akomantire, Kyeremfem, as well as Agona Adontendom. Seven times inwards 3 turns yesteryear seasonal hunters. Announce the start of the celebration ane partition after the other. There is a grouping of people who are specially trained to burn these shots. In fact it is the duty or responsibleness of the “Gyaase” divisional main to get together these people to give the gun shots. The firing of the guns also calls attending to the ancient wars as well as brave of the Denkyira as well as the duty of all Denkyira citizens to obey the ritual.
Mon – The twenty-four hr menses of Mourning as well as Consultation of the Gods
On Mon morning, women have on dark as well as ruby to present their sorrow to the departed. The elders pour libation for the ancestors yesteryear schnapps, as well as go to the palace where the mourning for the dead ancestors continue with drumming as well as horn blowing. Also, the main of the province linguists “Akyeamehene” pours libation at Yentumi shrine, the ancient state of war god, as well as usage mashed yam to feed the god. In the evening, the Denkyirahene, chiefs as well as elders trip the low-cal fantastic toe to music from diverse province drums as well as musical groups: Kete, Fontomfrom, the special Asasaa drums (peculiar to Denkyira), Apirede, Ntahera as well as the Ankobea Asafo. 9:30 p.m. the Gyaase partition chiefs get together at the palace to acquire ready to see the river side, “Surowi”. At nigh mid-night, they made upwardly of solely a select few carrying the province stool with bells, other sacred stools as well as the province gods, motility solemnly to the river as well as launder them.
Tuesday to Th – Period of Relaxation
During Tuesday to Thursday, at that topographic point are no official programs. Drumming groups such every bit adenkum, kete, fontonfrom, brass band, bosoe came from dissimilar locations to perform for the happiness of all as well as sundry. Such people were invited to play inwards turns every bit inwards the agency of competing amidst themselves to gain the awards as well as the fame of the omanhene as well as his officials (paramount main as well as his officials). The menses witnesses matrimony rites, settling of menage unit of measurement quarrels as well as disputes through arbitration. People display their wealth every bit they parade, telephone call upwardly on neighbors as well as friends, changing their have on as well as ornaments several times during the day. It is also a fourth dimension for the youth to live involved inwards the celebration because during rituals the youth are non involved so without these days the youth may experience unconcerned. During this time, all menage unit of measurement members acquire together to entertainment, merry-making, as well as full general relaxation. These activities assist limited the joy of the people as well as their gratitude to the gods as well as ancestors for seeing them through to some other Odwira.
Fri – The Climax
This twenty-four hr menses sees the lighting of the ceremonial burn as well as feeding of the gods. Not solely the citizens of Denkyira, but also those of nearby states participate. During this day, no household or private should start whatsoever burn until the traditional burn chief, the Ogyahene has lighted the ceremonial fire. The Ogyehene maiden of all carries a slice of firewood on his head, supported yesteryear 4 of his elders. His other subjects, men as well as women, all send firewood and, singing a special vocal called “Ogyaho”, they parade through the principal streets of Jukwa ending at the stool house. The Ogyahene lights the burn with some rituals including the pouring of libation. The talking drums straightaway denote the halt to the ban of lighting fire. Individuals tin at nowadays come upwardly to the stool theatre for burn to low-cal theirs or start them on their own.
The ceremonial burn is used to cool the special repast that is fed to the gods, the diverse stools as well as the ancestors for the 2d as well as lastly fourth dimension during the festival. Mutton, yams as well as eggs are the main items together with schnapps that main linguist offers. Whilst a special grouping of men as well as women make the cooking, solely the men, led yesteryear the main linguist are allowed to acquire inwards the residence of the gods as well as stools to offering the ceremonial food. All the richly adorned chiefs of the province led yesteryear the Denkyirahene ride inwards their colorful palanquins as well as proceed to the river side, the Denkyirahene alights as well as personally offers sacrifice of a sheep to the river god every bit all his chiefs as well as people hold back on. After the sacrifices, the Denkyirahene rides inwards his palanquin to a durbar grounds as well as sit down inwards province to have homage from his chiefs as well as people. Here ane observes royalty, dignity, pageantry, valour all portrayed inwards rich culture. Drums beat, horns blow, executioners recite poems, trip the low-cal fantastic toe as well as display inwards their special robes, all inwards honor of Denkyirahene every bit the embodiment of the Denkyira state.
At this crowning durbar, the chiefs, people as well as invited guests go inwards a draw to milk shiver hands with the Denkyirahene to congratulate him on the sacrifices he has made to ensure prosperity as well as life for all inwards the years to come.
The festival mightiness non live fully held yearly
Because at that topographic point are so many rituals that have got to live performed as well as hence the expense, Odwira mightiness non live fully held yearly. Even the festival is non able to celebrate every year, some necessary rituals are soundless held. We have got mini festivals similar “Adae Kesee” as well as “Mpaatum”. During these mini festivals or occasions the gods are fed but non on a wider scale every bit it volition come about during the Odwira. Most of the rituals performed during the festival are done inwards the dark as well as they are non to reckon the low-cal of twenty-four hr menses as well as it is a taboo, for example, to whistle during the dark because those things would ward-off the gods as well as the ancestors, so it is believed.
Odeefuo Boa Amponsem and Nana Efua Tweneboah II
Tourism Attractions
The Denkyira people of Twifo-Ati Mokwa District have got rattling attractive sites as well as houses, ane of Ghana’s most of import as well as most visited national tourist sites, Kakum National Park.
Kakum National Park, Jukwa
Being mindful of the importance of the tourism sector to the national economic scheme as well as encouraged yesteryear the success flush of the Kakum National Park, the District Assembly Commissioned a squad to position as well as document all the potential tourist sites inwards the District with the sentiment of developing as well as reaping the benefits that the manufacture offers. The next are the sites identified for tourism purposes
Kakum National Park,Jukwa
The site where Otumfuo Osei Tutu I was killed
Anamia Cave - Twifo Tofoe
River Pra Islands - Mintaso
Bonsaben Forest Reserve - Twifo Praso
Buraso Archaedogical site - Twifo Ayaase
Jukwa Cultural Village - Twifo Hemang
The Ancestral Cave - Jukwa
Odum Kwaku Sacred Shrine - Twifo Ampenkro
Twifo Oil Palm Plantation (TDPP) - Jukwa Nyamani
Canopy-Shaped Rock
Akwantufo Bodan
(Strangers Rock House) - Frami
Mbem Waterfall - Mbem
Bird Sanctuary - Abrafo
Spring Water - Mfuom
Buomu - Nuamakrom
Oven-Shaped Cave - Twifo Canaan
Snake similar oil palm tree - Twifo Canaan
Mighty Rock - Ankaako
Mbem Waterfall
The site is a waterfall on River Sowi (Sweet River). It is located nigh 2km from Mbem as well as gives showers with radius of 100m. the site has the potential to attract activities similar picnicking, educational tours as well as inquiry purpose.
Canopy Shaped Rock Jukwa Bremang
This is a mysterious stone formation which tin render shade for nigh xl people. It is located inwards a little wood reserve as well as it is conserved every bit a scared place. The site tin live developed for activities such every bit sight seeing as well as camping.
The Site Of Otumfuo Osei Tutu’s Waterloo Twifo Tofoe
This is undoubtedly an of import historic site for both the Ashanti’s as well as Twifo. The Twifo took custody of most of their concern human relationship statements some of which have got been kept till today. The people go at that topographic point periodically to pour libation. At the site at that topographic point is a natural duo across River Pra as well as it is used during the dry out season. The site tin live a rattling expert attraction for visitors as well as tourists.
Bonsaben Forest Reserve Twifo Ayaase
This is an evergreen wood with some especially tall trees. It serves every bit a dandy biodiversity of both plants as well as animals. It is also the watershed of some rivers. Indeed the site presents a scientific natural beauty.
It is a historic as well as sacred position to the Twifo People because it is believed that the Ashanti’s were mysteriously attacked yesteryear a swam of bees long ago. When developed the site would attract activities including camping, hiking, sightseeing, aeroplane watching as well as picnicking
Buraso Archaeological Site – Twifo Hemang
This is the site where the people of Akwamu lived around thirteenth fourteenth centuries. It is believed to live where the Aduana/Abrade clans originated from. Archeological works revealed domestic tools used at the time. When developed, the site would attract activities including sightseeing as well as educational tours.
The Ancestral Cave – Twifo Ampenkro
This site is a cave with dissimilar apartments. It is located at the summit of a mount embedded inwards a forest reserve “Bepotenten” Reserve.The cave was used yesteryear the people of Twifo Hemang inwards the olden times to evade attacks of enemies prominent amidst who were the Ashanti’s. when this site is good developed, it tin live used for activities similar caving, trail hiking, mount climbing, sightseeing, aeroplane watching as well as camping.
Odum Kwaku Sacred Shrine Jukwa Yameani
This is a mighty Odum tree situated inwards a little wood reserve. It is an of import historic as well as religious site. The tree is believed to have got produced gilded for the usage of the people inwards the village. At the minute it soundless has influence on the people since the main as well as elders consult it earlier taking sure as shooting major decisions as well as pour libation at that topographic point occasionally. The site gives a film of a virgin wood as well as degraded wood predicted yesteryear human activities.
Bird Sanctuary – Abrafo
Located at the entrance of Kakum National Park, the site is located inwards bamboo growing area. It is a habitation to many aeroplane species which have got made dissimilar kinds of nests. The chips yesteryear the dissimilar birds fill upwardly the air as well as they add together the abstraction. The position is a potential site for activities similar aeroplane watching, listening to the audio of dissimilar species of birds as well as educational tours.
Anamia Cave – Mintaso
This is a magnificent stone formation which has a cave with apartments. It could live a expert goal for adventurism as well as explorers. When the site is developed activities that tin select position at that topographic point include caving, chumbing, sightseeing as well as camping.
Akwantufo Bodan (Sstrangers Rock House) Ukwa Frami
The site is a mighty stone with a cave that tin render shelter for many people. The stone has a beautiful natural shape. In the older days it provided shelter for travelers/strangers to as well as from the coast. When developed, the site volition attract activities similar caving, trail hiking, as well as stone climbing.
Buomu Nuamakrom
This is some other shape of the magnificent stone formation inwards the District. It has a cave with several apartments. It is believed to have got been the abode of the god of the area. The people go at that topographic point periodically to pour libation. The evolution of the site could attract activities similar caving, rock, climbing, sightseeing as well as camping.
Oven-Shaped Cave – Twifo Canaan
This a huge stone formation. It is an oven-shaped cave that tin comprise nigh thirty people. It is believed to live the habitation of the god of the area. The god is seen every bit a humble tiger which becomes visible when sure as shooting rituals are performed. The position would attract activities similar sightseeing as well as camping ground when good developed.
Snake-Like Oil Palm Tree - Twifo Canaan
This is a snake-like oil palm tree located betwixt Bimipong wood reserves as well as a large cocoa farm. The site presents a rattling wonderful operate of nature. The coiled as well as meandering shape of the oil palm tree affords visitors the chance to know the extent to which nature tin deviate. Any evolution hither could attract educational tours as well as tourists inwards full general to have got a hold back at a wonderful operate of nature
source:http://ghanaculture.org/index1.ph
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/Africa
Denkyira girls performing traditional Adowa trip the low-cal fantastic toe at the forecourt of the Denkyirahene`s palace
The uppercase of the Denkyira people is Jukwa as well as has a powerful as well as respectable traditional ruler Odeefuo Boa Amponsem III.
Denkyirahene Odeefuo Boa Amponsem III
The Denkyira people are known for their vast tillage of palm fruits for oil; production as well as traditional or small-scale mining of gilded which inwards abundance on their terra firma as well as inwards the River Offin. The traditional or small-scale mining of gilded is known inwards Ghanaian parlance every bit "Galamsey." Some of the Denykira towns are Jukwa, Dunkwa-On-Ofin, Ayafuri, Diaso, Kyekyewere, Mfuom, Dominase, Ntom, New Obuasi, Nkotumso, Maudaso, Asikuma, Jameso Nkwanta, Buabinso, Bethelehem, Buabin, Akropong, Nkronua, Nkwaboso/Akwaboso, as well as Afiefiso.Denkyira traditional gilded miner (Galamsey man).
Location
Denkyira people are located inwards both Twifo Ati Mokwa as well as Upper Denyira East as well as West districts. The Twifo-Ati Mokwa District (formerly Twifo-Heman Lower Denkyira District) with its uppercase Twifo Praso is ane of the 20 District Assemblies inwards the Central Region of Ghana.
Kakum National Park, Jukwa
It has a total terra firma expanse of 1199km2 as well as 1,510 settlements. The district also has 8 Area councils as well as 4 paramounticies call Hemang, Denkyira, Twifo as well as Affi Monkwaa.
Beautiful Denkyira girl
It is located betwixt latitudes 5’50’N as well as 5’51’ N as well as Longitudes 1’50W as well as 1’10’W. it is bounded on the due north yesteryear the Upper Denkyira East Municipal on the southward yesteryear the Abura Asebu Kwamankese, Cape Coast as well as Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem, on the westward yesteryear the Mpohor Wassa East District as well as the East yesteryear the Assin North Municipal.
Denkyira women pounding fufu
The Upper Denkyira East Municipal is ane of the xx Administrative Districts of the Central Region. It lies inside latitudes 5°. 30’ as well as 6°. 02’ due north of the equator as well as longitudes 1° W as well as 2° W of the Greenwich Meridian.
It shares mutual boundaries with Bibiani - Anhwiaso Bekwai as well as Amansie West Districts on the north, Wassa Amenfi West as well as Wassa Amenfi East Districts on the northwest as well as westward respectively, Twifo-Ati Mokwa District as well as Assin North Municipal on the south, Obuasi Municipal on the southeast as well as Amansie Central on the northeast. The Upper Denkyira East Municipal covers a total terra firma expanse of 1700 foursquare kilometers, which is nigh 17% of total terra firma expanse of the Central Region.
Denkyira family,Kramokrom.
Language
Denkyira people speak Akan Twi linguistic communication which is a Kwa linguistic communication belonging to the larger Niger-Congo phylum. Denkyira Twi is but similar Asante Twi as well as is intelligible to every Akan Twi language.
Denkyira immature adult woman dancing adowa
History
Traditions claim that the founding fathers of Upper as well as Lower Denkyira inwards the Central Region originally lived inwards the Mande areas, inVoltaic Region, southward of the Niger Bend. They deserted the part owing to the arid nature of the terra firma that led to famine as well as hostilities.They migrated south-westwards, crossed the Volta and reached the Tekyiman (Techiman) inwards the Ancient Bono State around 1570.
After a time, he migrants lived for a patch with the Nkyiras inwards the same region. They were at the fourth dimension known every bit ADAWUFO, hence the maxim ‘Adawu, Dawu Denkyira, mene-sono.’ (lit’. Adawu Dawu Denkyira, the swallowers of elephants’), which became the honorific byname of the Denkyira people. "They stayed with the Nkyiraa for to a greater extent than than a century as well as learned their institutions so good that people said ‘’they had go similar the Nkyiraa’’ (‘Dan- Nkyiraa i.e. dependency on Nkyiraa) (See: Daaku K. Y. ‘Oral Tradition of Denkyira’, I. A. S., Legon, 1970).
Warrior of the Denkyira Kingdom inwards westward Africa. Circa 1800. Albert Eckhout,
When the Denkyira finally decided to motility southwards into the key wood region, c.16th century, they did so nether the leadership of Nana Ayekraa Adeboa of Agona clan, the maiden of all adult woman ruler, who settled them at Tutumbe (which had been established yesteryear the Asakyiri clan) close Bonatifi, nigh 3.5 kilometres from Adanse Akorokyere.
It is asserted that the rulers of Denkyira, Akyem Oda as well as Bodweseanwo belong to the same ethnic grouping of Agona clan bound together yesteryear a mutual ancestry, Bomaasi. She had 3 daughters namely, Agobani who became the ancestress of Denkyira Abankesieso (Agona Piesie), Anadineho the ancestress of Akyem Oda (Agona Manu) as well as Siema’s descendants (Agona Mensah) established Bodweseanowo.
Denkyirahemaa (Queen woman raise of Denkyira), Nana Ama Ayensua Saraa II
After a glorious long reign, Nana Ayekraa Adeboa died. Her eldest son, Annin Panyin, became the maiden of all manful individual ruler; he also enjoyed a long, but uneventful reign. He was succeeded yesteryear 2 brothers, Ahi as well as Aha, who belike ruled together because of the mutual call Ahahiaha dynasty. They spent the greater business office of their reign inwards exploration, as well as yesteryear so a highly developed as well as efficient political unit of measurement had already been formed.
The side yesteryear side ruler was Mumunumfi. He felt envious of the Adansehene Otibireku Asare who had amassed wealth as well as was powerful. He declared state of war on Adanse, inflicting a crushing defeat on them. He appointed Awurade Basa to steer the affairs of the vanquished Adanse.
Mumunumfi was succeeded yesteryear Wirempe Ampem (1624-37). He operated a armed services mechanism consisting of divisional units, as well as after routing the Aowin, he founded the famous capital, ABANKESIESO BANSO which consisted 77 localities nigh 24 kilometres from Jacobu, westward from Adanse Akorokyere territory which became a large sprawling kingdom.
The manful individual monarch had a strong organized province army, as well as he became an absolute ruler. That was the offset of the reign of terror, hence the saying: “Wirempe Ampem a wo din yem mo”, meaning, ‘Wirempe Ampem, whose call is non to live uttered’. Unfortunately he died inwards ane of his campaigns inwards the westward as well as was succeeded yesteryear a immature man child at the tender historic menses of eight. He was rushed to the battlefield to boost their morale amid dandy jubilation. Then, the blood royals were minors. The novel manful individual monarch was Boa Amponsem Dakabere.
Throughout his reign, Boa Amponsem’s ascendence was felt over much of Asante as well as its hinterland. To this effective dominion was the allusion: ‘’Kotoko som Amponsem’’, i.e. ‘the porcupine (Asante) is retainer to Amponsem (Denkyira)’. The Denkyira kingdom grew rattling rich as well as became known to the Europeans on the Atlantic shores every bit a people with dandy quantities of alluvial gold. During the reign of Boa Amponsem I,
he could afford to have got novel gilded ornaments cast for every ceremonial occasion; gilded used ane time for anything was never used again. This earned him the epithet "Boa Amponsem a, odi sika tomprada" (Boa Amposem who eats fresh gold). Even when Osei Tutu was young; his uncle Opoku Ware sent him to the courtroom of Denkyira to serve every bit a page. At the same time, Okomfo Anokye was the wizard as well as visionary of King Boa Amponsem. The kingdom at the same fourth dimension grew so rich that Denkyira was the principal State for the Dutch merchants for their abundant as well as reasonably pure gold. He ruled wisely as well as was unrivaled. Upon his demise (1692), the people were bereft of their leader.
His nephew Ntim Gyakari, succeeded as well as ruled yesteryear pride as well as arrogance. This is confirmed yesteryear documentary evidence every bit Bossman, an impartial as well as contemporary observer wrote: ‘’Denkyira, elevated yesteryear its dandy riches as well as powerfulness became arrogant that it looked on all other Negroes with contemptible eye, esteeming them no to a greater extent than than slaves.’’ (See: W. Bossman – ‘A New as well as Accurate description of the Coast of Guinea’ reprinted 1907). Everyone hated Denkyira as well as waited for the fourth dimension when their powerfulness would fall.
IN 1699 the Denkyira Kingdom was at its fullest extent, patch wealth as well as conquest brought with it pride as well as arrogance during the reign of Ntim Gyakari.
Meanwhile, King Osei Tutu I assisted yesteryear Okomfo Anokye, his dandy friend, priest as well as constitutional adviser, were busy trying to discovery a casus belli inwards monastic enjoin to launch a total scale armed services operation. And every bit if yesteryear fate or design, Ntim Gyakari did a thing that made state of war inevitable. The manful individual monarch “sent a messenger to Kumase, bearing a brass pan, as well as told Osei Tutu as well as the chiefs of Asante to fill upwardly the pan with gilded as well as send it dorsum to him
Each Asante main was to send to Abankesieso, his favourite married adult woman to human activity every bit wet-nurse (mmagyegyefo) to the manful individual monarch of Denkyira” (See: W.E. Ward, ‘Short History of Ghana’ pp. 32 – 33). Indeed, they considered the demand, an insult to their dignity.
War drums were sounded across the length as well as breadth of the state. This was equivalent to a proclamation of war. The whole of the diverse independent units were commanded yesteryear the Mamponhene Boahinantuo. Ntim Gykari was sure as shooting that he would trounce the Asante regular army so he was non seen at the battlefield, instead he stayed inwards his tent playing the Oware-game with his wife.
The main Asante regular army eventually met the opposing forcefulness at Feyiase betwixt Kuntenase as well as Kumase. The Juaben unit of measurement hurriedly unopen inwards as well as surrounded Ntim Gyakari who was sitting with golden fetters upon his ankles as well as made him a prisoner. They took him to Kumase where he was tried as well as executed.
Ntim Gyakeri’s torso was divided every bit follows: his caput was given to the Asantehene, his left-leg os to Asumegya, right-leg os to Mampon, the vertebrae to Aduaben. These 3 Stools were permitted yesteryear Kumase to re-create the regalia of Ntim Gyakari (vide: R.S. Rattery, “Ashanti Law as well as Constitution”. 1956, p.132).
The Asante carried their victory into Denkyira proper as well as ransacked its uppercase Abankesieso, mid-1701. They carried into slavery, many of the best craftsmen of Denyira as well as employed them inwards making weights inwards Kumase. In fact, it was a state of war which left indelible impressions on the history of Denkyira.
There is the saying: “Ntim Gyakari asoa ne human being akobo Feyiase”, ‘lit. ‘Ntim Gyakari carried his land as well as wrecked her at Feyiase. ‘Which catastrophe occurred on a Friday, hence the source of the Denkyira Oath, “Fiada ne Denkyira’ next this national disgrace.
The Agona clan brothers–Akyem Oda, as well as Bodweseanwo – went to the assistance of their senior brother, Denkyira, inwards this war; so the Asantehene initiated the policy carve upwardly as well as dominion amidst the 3 clan brothers. By this measure, Akyem Odahene was placed nether the Anantahene of Kumase, Boadweseanwohene nether Dadeasohene, patch Denkyirahene came nether the Bantamahene. As a result, the supremacy of Denkyira waned.
The narration is that after the decease of King Osei Tutu Mpimso (in 1717 according to Prof. Adu Boahen inwards his Article ‘When did Osei Tutu die?‘ THSG, 1975, Legon, pp. 87–92). Denkyinahene Buadu Akafu Brempon resolved to select revenge on Asante, but the Asante regular army chop-chop moved inwards to nip the insurrection inwards the bud.
Odeefuo Boa Amponsem III
Yet, at that topographic point was some other revolt during the fourth dimension of Denkyirahene Owusu Bore I which proved a fiasco. Again, the Denkyira took payoff of the decease of the Asantehene Osei Kwadwo (1781) as well as made some other endeavour to re-establish their independence, but the revolt was suppressed for the 3rd time.
The Denkyira remain inwards westward Adanse had been stormy, so they vowed to quit the region. Consequently, during the reign of the 15th Dekyirahene Nana Kwadwo Tibu I, they moved southwards after the Asante – Gyaman War, 1818, as well as founded their novel province JUKWA.
The immediate get of the flying was that the Asante regular army took the champaign against Gyamanhene Adinkra. The Denkyirahene as well as his troops entered Gyaman nether the pretext to smoke a peace pipage with Adinkra who claimed Agona clan human relationship with Nana Tibu. However, Adinkra realized that the rapidity of Denkyira advance was rather for state of war than negotiation for peace. Adinkra fired as well as he was hitting on the oral fissure yesteryear the explosion of his ain gun as well as died instantly. The skull was brought to Kumase every bit a state of war trophy accompanied yesteryear Apau, the boy of Adinkra.
This contestation was unaccepted by, as well as upset, the Denkyira. It was an aspect that the Asantehene had hatred for the Denkyira.
King’s linguist holds the stick inwards funerals. (Red as well as dark are the colors of a funeral)
Brief Introduction: Each manful individual monarch has his ain symbol on the stick. The ostrich tin plough its cervix dorsum as well as forth, collecting all the information during the wars, pregnant that Denkyira people are warlords who tin create out their enemies.
The telephone call upwardly for emigration southwards went across the length as well as breadth of Denkyira, as well as they followed Nana Tibu to the southward across the Offin River at Nkyenkyenso close Aboaboso, passing through Wassaw, Fiase Mpoho, as well as finally halted at Cape Coast.
The Governor advised them to remain at Kakomdo (or Essakyiri). But this position could non comprise their large number, so after a sojourn, they moved through the wood as well as finally settled at a position nigh 22 kilometres north-west of Cape Coast.
The indigenous settlers were of the Abrade menage unit of measurement at Banaso nether Tueni Kodee. Since they were few as well as had no Paramount Chief, the Denkyira decided to absorb them as well as at that topographic point was a recrudescence of inter-clan skirmishes. The Governor, therefore, intervened as well as ruled that the Pra River should go the natural boundary betwixt them definitely to safe-guard the frontier of their novel state.
Upon their arrival, the Denkyiras observed that the whole expanse was rattling peaceful, hence the novel call DWOKWA, ie. ‘Nothing but peace’. Thus ‘EHA DWO KWA’ became corrupted into DWUKWA (Anglicized JUKWA).
Pεmtεmprεm aa Omenesono/King’s Linguist Staff with Symbol of Denkyira Kingdom
•Usage: King’s linguist holds it inwards festivals, such every bit main installations.
•Brief Introduction: Elephant is the symbol of the province which stand upwardly for strength as well as braveness. It is solely a muddied expanse that tin easily sink, swallow or acquire an elephant stuck. This symbolizes the Kingdom’s powerfulness to defeat all powers.
In 1868 Denkyira entered the Fante Confederacy to create out for Britain against the Ashanti as well as the Dutch. When the confederacy proved unable to defeat the Ashanti, it became a business office of the British colony Gold Coast inwards 1874. In 1957 Gold Coast became independent every bit Ghana.
JUKWA became the principal town as well as the topographic point of the Kyidom Wing, patch Dunkwa has been the administrative uppercase since 1943.
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Agona | ||
| 1500 | Foundation of Agona state | |
| Agonahenes (Rulers) | ||
| 1588 to 1620 | Mumunumfi, Agonahene | Becoming Denkyirahene |
| Denkyira | State renamed | |
| Denkyirahene (Rulers) | ||
| 1620 to 1624 | Mumunumfi, Denkyirahene | Hitherto Agonahene |
| 1624 to 1637 | Werempe Ampem, Denkyirahene | |
| 1637 to 1695 | Boa Amponsem I, Denkyirahene | |
| 1695 to 1701 | Ntim Gyakari, Denkyirahene | |
| 1701 | Defeated by Asanteman, becoming tributary | |
| 1701 to 1702 | Boado Ahafo Berempon, Denkyirahene | |
| 1702 to 1712 | Kyei Akobeng, Denkyirahene | |
| 1712 to 1720 | Amoako Atta Panyin, Denkyirahene | |
| 1720 to 1725 | Gyan Badu, Denkyirahene | |
| 1725 to 1770 | Amoako Atta Kuma, Denkyirahene | |
| 1770 to 1793 | Amoako Atta Yiadom, Denkyirahene | ♀ |
| 1793 to 1813 | Owusu Bori I, Denkyirahene | |
| 1813 to 1851 | Kwadwo Tibu I, Denkyirahene | |
| 1851 to 1859 | Kwakye Fram, Denkyirahene | |
| 1859 to 1869 | Kwesi Kyei I, Denkyirahene | |
| 1870 to 1875 | Boa Amponsem II, Denkyirahene | |
| 1875 to 1910 | Nkwantabisa I, Denkyirahene | |
| 1910 to 1912 | Kwesi Kyei II, Denkyirahene | |
| 1912 to 1918 | Nkwantabisa II, Denkyirahene | |
| 1919 to 1930 | Kwadwo Tibu II, Denkyirahene | |
| 1931 to 1941 | Nkwantabisa III, Denkyirahene | |
| 1942 to 1953 | Owusu Bori II, Denkyirahene | |
| ante/c.May 1954 to post/c.1954 | Nana Kojo Odei, Regent | |
| 1955 to present | Odeefuo Boa Amponsem III, Denkyirahene | |
Ahenema/Royal Slippers
•Material: Leather/cloth/brass
•Usage: The manful individual monarch wears it daily as well as during festivals.
•Brief Introduction: The tortoise is an beast well-protected with shells, representing the strong defence forcefulness the Denkyira people portrayed during wars. The hawk is a sacred aeroplane inwards Denkyira civilization so symbols of these animals are displayed on the slippers.
Decline/Collapse of Denkyira Kingdom
By: A. M. Kufuor
Email: opemsuo@gmail.com
Facebook: http://m.facebook.com/amkufuor
In the menses leading upwardly to the Feyiase war, large publish of Denkyira subjects fled to Kwaman (now Kumasi) to escape the demands of Abankeseso (also known every bit Ntibanso - a large metropolis with 77 streets watered yesteryear 7 streams, was the uppercase of the Denkyira Empire). Abankeseso had a threshold of Abuakwa (in Kumasi) extended northwards to Jacobu inwards the Amensi Central District. That is it extended 6 miles radius from which ‘’Osansa’’ (the hawk) could non wing across.
In 1694, King Boa Amponsem I of Denkyira died after xl years reign; he was succeeded yesteryear his relative, Ntim Gyakari (1694-1701). King Ntim Gyakari was philanderer as well as also a capricious immature human being of uncertain judgment. His continuous increased inwards demands provoked resistance from a coalition of his northern tributaries famously led yesteryear Osei Tutu of Kumasi. The most of import of these demands was when the King sent his messenger, Abebrese, to Kumasi with a message as well as because Osei Tutu had given protection to Oduro Agyensamoo of Assin (a human being wanted inwards Abankeseso for questioning the King of Denkyira nigh the circumstances of Boa Amponsem’s death), that because Osei Tutu waged state of war against Dormaa Kusi of Dormaa his beau subordinate main nether Denkyira without his permission, the King of Denkyira demanded from the Asantehene the following: firstly, the Asantes should fill upwardly the brass-pan (brought yesteryear Abebrese) to the brim with pure gold. Secondly, each of the Asante chiefs should send to the King of Denkyira ‘Kyekyerekona’ - a long necklace worn yesteryear king’s wives every bit a sign of submission. Thirdly, each of the Asante chiefs must deliver his favourite married adult woman to the King inwards marriage. Finally, the Asantehene as well as each of his provincial chiefs must deliver his love kid to live sent to Abankeseso.
Another argue was the tyrant dominion of King Ntim Gyakari as well as this led to to a greater extent than than one-half of Denkyiras fighting amongst with the Asantes against him (Ntim Gyakari).
As Komfo Anokye was famously quoted every bit maxim “all the soldiers of Asante cannot live compared to the smallest wing of the Denkyirahene, so I would modify the heed of one-half of their armies inwards such a agency that during the war, one-half of them volition come upwardly to assist you.” Whatever the truth is, every bit a Prince of the Denkyira state, what led to the massive exodus of Denkyiras to Asante was every bit a outcome of the punitive ruled of Ntim Gyakari non the so-called miracle claimed to live performed yesteryear Anokye Komfo.
The maiden of all town which changed allegiance from Ntim Gyakari to Osei Tutu was the Abooso people. Abooso was a town which lay inwards the vicinity of Adansi Akrokeri as well as Abankeseso. The inhabitants of this town were called Bontwumafo - the ruby clay people. The Denkyirahene made 10 classes of men as well as women. These men as well as women were at that topographic point to offering their bodies every bit a sacrificed to the King whenever a fellow member of the royal menage unit of measurement top on as well as these people were called Bontwumafo [Boa(mponsem’s ntwomafo- ruby clay people]. That was when whatsoever royal personage died, 100 men of these Bontwumafo were sacrificed during the funeral as well as their blood was used every bit ruby clay inwards paradigm some parts of the torso of the deceased as well as their bodies were placed inwards the grave on which the coffin was laid.
Ntim Gyakari, a human being famously interested inwards women, took an Abooso wife. Then his woman raise savage mortally ill. Learning of this, the married adult woman went to Abooso to alarm her ‘‘Bontwumafo’’ kin. When intelligence came that the King’s woman raise was dead, the Bontwumafo as well as the inhabitants of the surrounding towns straightaway fled to escape beingness immolated inwards dandy numbers as well as sought refuge with Osei Tutu at Kumasi. After the Feyiase War inwards 1701, Osei Tutu resettled these Bontwumafo inwards Atwima (now Atwima Mponua as well as Atwima Nwabiagya Districts) as well as their leader was made the Atwimahene.
When it was clear that the Bontwumafo were welcomed yesteryear Osei Tutu, others from Denkyira followed inwards numbers. Aboabo was a town close the Oda River. The town was inhabited yesteryear Denkyirahene’s shield-bearers (Akyamfuo) as well as villagers who prospected for gilded on the Ofin flats due east of Watreso. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 conflict arose betwixt the Akyamfuo as well as the villagers, as well as inwards the course of instruction of this, the villagers killed some of the shield-bearers. When Ntim Gyakari was told of the matter, he was incensed as well as summoned the villagers to appear earlier him. At the coming together the caput of the villagers, Owusu Koanyama abused the Occupant of the Bankam Dwa (the Denkyira Stool) maxim that the king’s ain servants (the shield-bearers) were ruffians who stole everything from the people. King Ntim Gyakari flew inwards a rage as well as ordered that Owusu Koanyama should live killed forthwith together with all his family. This was done on the spot. The villagers as well as the inhabitants of the towns unopen to Aboabo escaped to Asante. However, they took council with themselves to render dorsum to their habitation as well as beg the King to forgive them. Ntim Gyakari was inwards readiness to create out the Feyiase state of war as well as so he killed them as well as these scared the others inwards exiled to render home. Others of Ntim Gyakari’s household servants who also defected were the brothers Akwadan as well as Nuamoa, the main hornblowers of the Denkyirahene. They came to Kumasi with their golden horns as well as their large followers. They were resettled at Asuoyeboa (in Kumasi), as well as subsequently brought into Kumasi when Osei Tutu created the Asokwa (in Kumasi) stool for them so that they mightiness human activity every bit his traders every bit good every bit his hornblowers. Similarly, the Denkyirahene’s caput drummer, fled to Osei Tutu with his sis Boatemaa Twum as well as many followers. Osei Tutu appointed him every bit Nkukuwafohene. There are many others that cannot live mentioned who came to Asante.
The most of import of all those who migrated which drastically reduced Ntim Gyakari’s powerfulness as well as his ascendence over northern Denkyira were the ‘Inkwayulaes or Nkawie people. Nkawie, 20 miles due north of Abankeseso, was the 2d most of import town inwards the Denkyira Empire. Nkawie was itself a province but similar Kwaman (Kumasi) state. It was ruled yesteryear a lineage that occupied a Stool from which yous go the King of Denkyira. Its woman individual stool was also occupied yesteryear Denkyirahene’s ‘nieces’, women who were eligible to go the Queenmother of Denkyira. This was to brand the enstoolment of Denkyira Kings smoothly after the King’s death, preventing disputed inwards the Royal family.
In 1660s, the 2 royal stools of Nkawie were occupied yesteryear Asenso Kufuor as well as his sis Adoma Akosua [Asenso Kufuor was the Great Grandfather of Nana Kwabena Kufuor who was Nkawiehene (in Ashanti Region) from 1901-1931 as well as subsequently became Denkyirahene from 1931-1941 with the Stool call Odeefuo Nkwantabisa III. Nana Kwabena Kufuor was also the biological manful individual raise of onetime President Kufuor’s mother, Ama Kufuor].
In 1694, after the decease of King Boa Amponsem I, Ntim Gyakari won over Asenso Kufuor inwards the competition to succeed Boa Amponsem. Boa Amponsem however, was non from the Denkyira Royal menage unit of measurement but came upwardly to select the Denkyira Stool every bit he was the famous warrior. So after his decease the Denkyiras’ gave the Bankam Dwa also called Offin Ba (a kid of the River Offin) inwards plough to Ntim Gyakari, his relative. Ntim Gyakari feared Kufuor may overthrow him, ordered Asenso Kufuor as well as his sis Adoma to reside at Abankeseso nether surveillance. Asenso Kufuor non satisfied with Ntim Gyakari’s atmospheric condition threw inwards his lot with Osei tutu as well as came to Kwaman. Since he was a royal eligible to go the King of Denkyira, he came with all his subordinate chiefs together with many guns as well as gold. Several Denkyira people including royals also followed him.
After Ntim Gyakari was killed at Feyiase, Asenso Kufuor was confirmed inwards the championship of Nkawiehene as well as went to alive inwards that town but non the old Nkawie which is unknown to geography as well as archaeology. All of Asenso Kufuor’s lands were restored to him after Bantamahene Apraku, successor of Amankwatia charged Nkawie with having failed inwards its duty to protect Kumasi from Ebirimoro of Sefwi who attacked Kumasi, whiles the Asantes were soundless fighting the Akyems. When the instance was heard yesteryear King Opoku Ware I, Bantamahene declared earlier the King that Nkawie was a royal of Denkyira Stool as well as was nursing a promise of breaking off from the Asantehene that is to brand himself the King of Denkyira inwards his turn, hence was non a truthful Asante Patriot. This made King Opoku Ware infuriated, at this plough of events as well as he fined Bantamahene every bit it had spoken to give away the origins of Nkawie which was forbidden yesteryear Asante custom every bit this prohibition was prominent amidst the so-called ‘Seventy-seven laws‘ of Komfo Anokye. The King of Asante so allowed them to used the old call ‘Nkawie’ as well as also extended Nkawie’s lands westward over the Offin River every bit far every bit Bibiani inwards the Western part which they soundless concord upwardly to now. However, up-to-date the Nkawie stool soundless remains the topographic point of Denkyira royalty, every bit Nana Kwabena Kufuor abdicated the Nkawie stool to occupy the Denkyira Stool after the decease of the Denkyirahene, Odeefuo Kwadwo Tibu II inwards 1931. Also when the Denkyirahene, Odeefuo Owusu Bori II was destooled yesteryear Kwame Nkrumah inwards 1950’s for indulging inwards politics, came as well as occupied the Nkawie stool after Nkrumah overthrew when his blood brother was already occupying the Denkyira Stool.
To conclude, both Denkyira as well as Asante traditions affirm that Asenso Kufuor shift of allegiance detached the largest province after Abankeseso from Ntim Gyakari’s control, as well as called into enquiry the reliability of much of northern Denkyira. Therefore, at the halt of 1701, when Abankeseso faced the Kwaman coalition that was to go Asante, it had many enemies as well as few friends as well as hence caused the autumn of the Denkyira Empire. (
Economy
Agriculture as well as its related activities constitute the most of import activities inwards the district. It provides occupation for nigh 46.0 per cent of the active working population. The predominant farm exercise is mixed cropping. The main crops grown are sometimes inter-cropped with vegetables as well as other crops cultivated for both habitation consumption as well as for sale. They grow crops similar cassava, Cocoa, palm oil trees etc.
Denkyira cocoa farmer drying his cocoa beans
Farmland so becomes an of import element inwards agricultural output and its ownership as well as usage have got a important consequence on total output. The district farmlands are acquired inwards several ways including private ownership or inheritance from landowners as well as mortgage.
The extensive wood has given rising to a large-scale timber extraction as well as illegal chainsaw operations inwards District. Apart from lumbering, the other major economical activities include crop/livestock farming as well as small-scale mining.
Industrial Sector
AGRO-PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
The main Agro-processing industries identified inwards the district are Palm-Oil Extraction, Rice – Milling as well as Soap Making, Cassava processing as well as Akpeteshie Distilling. The major processing activity goes on inside the premises of the Twifo Oil Palm Plantation (TOPP), which is the largest inwards the Central Region.
Industries play an of import role inwards the socio-economic evolution of the district. Processing of agricultural as well as other primary products are predominant inwards the district. The manufacture sector could live grouped nether the next sub-sectors.
a. Value addition/processing
b. B. Construction
c. Artisans as well as craftsmen
SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES
Palm Oil Extraction
This activity is carried out mainly at Mampong, Hemang, Ampenkro Eduaben, Ntrafrewaso, Jukwa as well as Nuamakrom. The source of the raw material, which is palm nut is from local farmers inwards the district.
Denkyira women of Jukwa pouring palm oil
An average of 5 casual labour are engaged inwards the activity. The average production of palm oil during the peak flavor is 10 drums per twenty-four hr menses as well as 6 drums per twenty-four hr menses inwards the lean season. The marketplace centers are inwards Cape coast, Techiman, Sunyani, Obuasi, Kasoa, Accra Tema, Takoradi as well as Elmina.
Denkyira women showing palm fruit,Jukwa.
Rice Milling
The rice milling activities are located inwards Aklomah, Twifo Praso, Akwkrom Benponso, Agona, Ampekrom, Nuamakrom, Yao Annany No 4, Asarekwaku, Benpongya.
The raw rice is purchased from ane local farmer inside the catchment area. An average of 2 casual labourers are employed as well as an average of 10 bags of rice are processed a twenty-four hr menses during the peak season. The main marketplace Centres are located inwards Twifo Praso, Elmina, Kasoa as well as Takoradi
Cassava Processing
The cassava processing industries are located mainly inwards Kenkuase, Nuamakrom as well as several parts of the district. The products, gari as well as Konkonte usage raw cassava every bit their main source of raw material. Averages of 2 people are employed inwards each of the establishment. Tow bags of gari are produced a day. Markets for the products are located inwards Accra, Tema, Kumasi, Takoradi, Kasoa as well as Techiman.
Akpeteshie Distilling
One of the main locally produced Alcoholic drinks inwards the District is AKPETESHIE which is brewed from palm vino tapped from palm trees. The distilleries are located inwards Twifo Praso, Agona, Benpogya, Mampong, Hemang, Jukwa, Wawase, as well as Bukrusu.
Apart from the average of 2 people who are employed to distill this drink, palm fruit farmers, palm vino tappers as well as other also make goodness from this venture inwards damage of employment. The main marketplace centers are inwards Kumasi, Accra, Cape Coast, Elimina, Sekondi, Kasoa, Sunyani, Aflao, as well as Lome.
Soap Making
The production of lather is concentrated at Twifo Praso as well as New Mampong. This could live attributed to the presence of the raw stuff thus palm oil inwards the District. An average of 6 people are employed with nigh 7200 cakes of lather produced inwards a day, employing almost one-half of the youth inwards the area.
It is worthy of banker's bill that when the youth are employed, they tend to set upwardly their best to attract to a greater extent than investors to the are, enhancing evolution projects. This is so because they believe that they tin contribute their quota to their district instead of migrating to other parts of the country.
This helps authorities inwards its create out to curb the rural-urban drift inwards the terra firma which has caused the uppercase cities to live densely populated. The prevention of this rural-urban drift can, nonetheless live achieved through the creation of occupation non solely for the youth, but the entire people of a detail area.
The cakes of lather manufactured also create occupation inwards areas similar Kumasi, Accra, as well as Lome inwards the Republic of Togo, Aflao, Ho as well as Cotonou inwards the Republic of Republic of Benin where the need for the soaps are rattling high.
An illustration of lather manufacturing fellowship inwards the district is “Yewodze” Enterprise. With the availability of such raw materials as well as inexpensive human resource, the investing populace would live most welcomed if they select payoff of these opportunities.
Mining, Quarrying And Construction
The district is rich inwards mineral deposits including gold, diamond as well as manganese. These have got given payoff to those engaged inwards small-scale mining inwards gilded as well as diamond since they comprehend nigh 106 acres of land.
Some mining companies are already operating at Twifo Kojokrom, Twifo Aburochire, Twifo Brofoyedur, Twifo Praso as well as Atti Mokwaa. Mining thrives inwards the District since the District has extensive mineral deposits of God as well as Diamond that are found at Mfuom, River Botro, as well as Afiafio with several little scale mining firms involved. In add-on to mining, little scale activities inwards quarrying are undertaken inwards the district.
Entrepreneurs inwards the concern rely on rocky outcrops as well as boulders found on the hills as well as along the hilly slopes. Stones are conveyed to the lowlands mainly along the roads as well as so broken into chips. The chips are used every bit aggregate inwards edifice as well as route construction, both inwards as well as exterior the district. In add-on to these industries are artisans as well as craftsmen of diverse types ranging from hairdressers to goldsmiths.
Inheritance
The kinship scheme is of matrilineal lineage as well as every bit such inheritance is traditionally passed on from brothers to their sisters’ children.
Denkyira woman
Land Tenure
The terra firma tenure arrangements include possessor occupancy where the farmer is the possessor of the terra firma on which he/she works as well as provides all the necessary inputs for production as well as the other is the part tenancy where a terra firma possessor engages a farmer to operate on his terra firma as well as the proceeds shared.
There are 6 major ways of acquiring terra firma for farming purposes. There are allotment yesteryear chiefs, yesteryear menage unit of measurement heads, lease, inheritance, private ownership as well as hiring.
Story of Denkyira Odwira
Origin
In Akan when people say Odwira, it is a reference to the fourth dimension the paramount stool called “Bankam” descended from heaven. One twenty-four hr menses after a heavy rain, a fetish priestess called Ayekra Adeboe discovered the stool made yesteryear precious beats as well as gold. It’s believed that the stool is from sky as well as the soul of Denkyira. It is so surreptitious that no ane tin reckon as well as affect it except the royal family. The woman individual became the maiden of all manful individual monarch of Denkyira as well as inwards Akan people say “ebedwiri” hence the Odwira festival, so the festival is meant to score the descent of the paramount stool of Denkyira. Therefore nosotros tin reckon that it is purely a religious celebration. Odwira is also a menses of purification after battles or wars.
Purpose
ü for feeding the ancestral stools as well as the gods
ü for remembering the dead ancestors
ü re-unions as well as return for all Denkyira “home as well as abroad”
ü for rich display of civilization as well as merry-making
Conclusion:
There are solemn religious as well as ceremonies to sorrow remembrance of the dead as well as also merry-making
Before the festival
One calendar week earlier the festival, all the drums at the palace are brought out to live purified with mashed yam mixed with ruby oil (Palm oil) as well as from so drumming as well as noise-making is banned till everything is over. If a relative dies during the preparations the menage unit of measurement is non allowed to have got the funeral until after the festival. This menses of “Silence” is found necessary inwards monastic enjoin to give the ancestors as well as gods of the province the correct atmosphere inwards which they tin ready for the “Odwira”. This menses also serves to mentally ready whole Denkyira province for coming of the festival.
In dissimilar places
Everybody, including the youth select business office inwards this grooming earlier the actual start of the festival at Jukwa (traditional capital) as well as Dunkwa-on-Offin (the administrative capital). It is a unique celebration because it is the solely festival that is celebrated at 2 places (the traditional uppercase as well as the administrative capital).
Denkyira ahenema
Lord's Day – Keep Silence as well as Firing the Odwira Guns
On Lord's Day mid-night, a god of executioner “SASATIA” come upwardly to Jukwa from the town Abrafo.(about v kilometers due north of Jukwa) The residents select their god to the Gyaasehene’s theatre as well as inform the Denkyirahene of their arrival. No ane is supposed to set eyes on them or lose their life.
Twenty-one guns burn on top of massif inwards Jukwa. Seven stand upwardly for each of the 3 main traditional divisions of Denkyira-Akomantire, Kyeremfem, as well as Agona Adontendom. Seven times inwards 3 turns yesteryear seasonal hunters. Announce the start of the celebration ane partition after the other. There is a grouping of people who are specially trained to burn these shots. In fact it is the duty or responsibleness of the “Gyaase” divisional main to get together these people to give the gun shots. The firing of the guns also calls attending to the ancient wars as well as brave of the Denkyira as well as the duty of all Denkyira citizens to obey the ritual.
Mon – The twenty-four hr menses of Mourning as well as Consultation of the Gods
On Mon morning, women have on dark as well as ruby to present their sorrow to the departed. The elders pour libation for the ancestors yesteryear schnapps, as well as go to the palace where the mourning for the dead ancestors continue with drumming as well as horn blowing. Also, the main of the province linguists “Akyeamehene” pours libation at Yentumi shrine, the ancient state of war god, as well as usage mashed yam to feed the god. In the evening, the Denkyirahene, chiefs as well as elders trip the low-cal fantastic toe to music from diverse province drums as well as musical groups: Kete, Fontomfrom, the special Asasaa drums (peculiar to Denkyira), Apirede, Ntahera as well as the Ankobea Asafo. 9:30 p.m. the Gyaase partition chiefs get together at the palace to acquire ready to see the river side, “Surowi”. At nigh mid-night, they made upwardly of solely a select few carrying the province stool with bells, other sacred stools as well as the province gods, motility solemnly to the river as well as launder them.
Tuesday to Th – Period of Relaxation
During Tuesday to Thursday, at that topographic point are no official programs. Drumming groups such every bit adenkum, kete, fontonfrom, brass band, bosoe came from dissimilar locations to perform for the happiness of all as well as sundry. Such people were invited to play inwards turns every bit inwards the agency of competing amidst themselves to gain the awards as well as the fame of the omanhene as well as his officials (paramount main as well as his officials). The menses witnesses matrimony rites, settling of menage unit of measurement quarrels as well as disputes through arbitration. People display their wealth every bit they parade, telephone call upwardly on neighbors as well as friends, changing their have on as well as ornaments several times during the day. It is also a fourth dimension for the youth to live involved inwards the celebration because during rituals the youth are non involved so without these days the youth may experience unconcerned. During this time, all menage unit of measurement members acquire together to entertainment, merry-making, as well as full general relaxation. These activities assist limited the joy of the people as well as their gratitude to the gods as well as ancestors for seeing them through to some other Odwira.
Denkyira dancer
Fri – The Climax
This twenty-four hr menses sees the lighting of the ceremonial burn as well as feeding of the gods. Not solely the citizens of Denkyira, but also those of nearby states participate. During this day, no household or private should start whatsoever burn until the traditional burn chief, the Ogyahene has lighted the ceremonial fire. The Ogyehene maiden of all carries a slice of firewood on his head, supported yesteryear 4 of his elders. His other subjects, men as well as women, all send firewood and, singing a special vocal called “Ogyaho”, they parade through the principal streets of Jukwa ending at the stool house. The Ogyahene lights the burn with some rituals including the pouring of libation. The talking drums straightaway denote the halt to the ban of lighting fire. Individuals tin at nowadays come upwardly to the stool theatre for burn to low-cal theirs or start them on their own.
The ceremonial burn is used to cool the special repast that is fed to the gods, the diverse stools as well as the ancestors for the 2d as well as lastly fourth dimension during the festival. Mutton, yams as well as eggs are the main items together with schnapps that main linguist offers. Whilst a special grouping of men as well as women make the cooking, solely the men, led yesteryear the main linguist are allowed to acquire inwards the residence of the gods as well as stools to offering the ceremonial food. All the richly adorned chiefs of the province led yesteryear the Denkyirahene ride inwards their colorful palanquins as well as proceed to the river side, the Denkyirahene alights as well as personally offers sacrifice of a sheep to the river god every bit all his chiefs as well as people hold back on. After the sacrifices, the Denkyirahene rides inwards his palanquin to a durbar grounds as well as sit down inwards province to have homage from his chiefs as well as people. Here ane observes royalty, dignity, pageantry, valour all portrayed inwards rich culture. Drums beat, horns blow, executioners recite poems, trip the low-cal fantastic toe as well as display inwards their special robes, all inwards honor of Denkyirahene every bit the embodiment of the Denkyira state.
At this crowning durbar, the chiefs, people as well as invited guests go inwards a draw to milk shiver hands with the Denkyirahene to congratulate him on the sacrifices he has made to ensure prosperity as well as life for all inwards the years to come.
The festival mightiness non live fully held yearly
Because at that topographic point are so many rituals that have got to live performed as well as hence the expense, Odwira mightiness non live fully held yearly. Even the festival is non able to celebrate every year, some necessary rituals are soundless held. We have got mini festivals similar “Adae Kesee” as well as “Mpaatum”. During these mini festivals or occasions the gods are fed but non on a wider scale every bit it volition come about during the Odwira. Most of the rituals performed during the festival are done inwards the dark as well as they are non to reckon the low-cal of twenty-four hr menses as well as it is a taboo, for example, to whistle during the dark because those things would ward-off the gods as well as the ancestors, so it is believed.
Odeefuo Boa Amponsem and Nana Efua Tweneboah II
Tourism Attractions
The Denkyira people of Twifo-Ati Mokwa District have got rattling attractive sites as well as houses, ane of Ghana’s most of import as well as most visited national tourist sites, Kakum National Park.
Kakum National Park, Jukwa
Being mindful of the importance of the tourism sector to the national economic scheme as well as encouraged yesteryear the success flush of the Kakum National Park, the District Assembly Commissioned a squad to position as well as document all the potential tourist sites inwards the District with the sentiment of developing as well as reaping the benefits that the manufacture offers. The next are the sites identified for tourism purposes
Kakum National Park,Jukwa
The site where Otumfuo Osei Tutu I was killed
Anamia Cave - Twifo Tofoe
River Pra Islands - Mintaso
Bonsaben Forest Reserve - Twifo Praso
Buraso Archaedogical site - Twifo Ayaase
Jukwa Cultural Village - Twifo Hemang
The Ancestral Cave - Jukwa
Odum Kwaku Sacred Shrine - Twifo Ampenkro
Twifo Oil Palm Plantation (TDPP) - Jukwa Nyamani
Canopy-Shaped Rock
Akwantufo Bodan
(Strangers Rock House) - Frami
Mbem Waterfall - Mbem
Bird Sanctuary - Abrafo
Spring Water - Mfuom
Buomu - Nuamakrom
Oven-Shaped Cave - Twifo Canaan
Snake similar oil palm tree - Twifo Canaan
Mighty Rock - Ankaako
Mbem Waterfall
The site is a waterfall on River Sowi (Sweet River). It is located nigh 2km from Mbem as well as gives showers with radius of 100m. the site has the potential to attract activities similar picnicking, educational tours as well as inquiry purpose.
Canopy Shaped Rock Jukwa Bremang
This is a mysterious stone formation which tin render shade for nigh xl people. It is located inwards a little wood reserve as well as it is conserved every bit a scared place. The site tin live developed for activities such every bit sight seeing as well as camping.
The Site Of Otumfuo Osei Tutu’s Waterloo Twifo Tofoe
This is undoubtedly an of import historic site for both the Ashanti’s as well as Twifo. The Twifo took custody of most of their concern human relationship statements some of which have got been kept till today. The people go at that topographic point periodically to pour libation. At the site at that topographic point is a natural duo across River Pra as well as it is used during the dry out season. The site tin live a rattling expert attraction for visitors as well as tourists.
Bonsaben Forest Reserve Twifo Ayaase
This is an evergreen wood with some especially tall trees. It serves every bit a dandy biodiversity of both plants as well as animals. It is also the watershed of some rivers. Indeed the site presents a scientific natural beauty.
It is a historic as well as sacred position to the Twifo People because it is believed that the Ashanti’s were mysteriously attacked yesteryear a swam of bees long ago. When developed the site would attract activities including camping, hiking, sightseeing, aeroplane watching as well as picnicking
Buraso Archaeological Site – Twifo Hemang
This is the site where the people of Akwamu lived around thirteenth fourteenth centuries. It is believed to live where the Aduana/Abrade clans originated from. Archeological works revealed domestic tools used at the time. When developed, the site would attract activities including sightseeing as well as educational tours.
The Ancestral Cave – Twifo Ampenkro
This site is a cave with dissimilar apartments. It is located at the summit of a mount embedded inwards a forest reserve “Bepotenten” Reserve.The cave was used yesteryear the people of Twifo Hemang inwards the olden times to evade attacks of enemies prominent amidst who were the Ashanti’s. when this site is good developed, it tin live used for activities similar caving, trail hiking, mount climbing, sightseeing, aeroplane watching as well as camping.
Odum Kwaku Sacred Shrine Jukwa Yameani
This is a mighty Odum tree situated inwards a little wood reserve. It is an of import historic as well as religious site. The tree is believed to have got produced gilded for the usage of the people inwards the village. At the minute it soundless has influence on the people since the main as well as elders consult it earlier taking sure as shooting major decisions as well as pour libation at that topographic point occasionally. The site gives a film of a virgin wood as well as degraded wood predicted yesteryear human activities.
Bird Sanctuary – Abrafo
Located at the entrance of Kakum National Park, the site is located inwards bamboo growing area. It is a habitation to many aeroplane species which have got made dissimilar kinds of nests. The chips yesteryear the dissimilar birds fill upwardly the air as well as they add together the abstraction. The position is a potential site for activities similar aeroplane watching, listening to the audio of dissimilar species of birds as well as educational tours.
Anamia Cave – Mintaso
This is a magnificent stone formation which has a cave with apartments. It could live a expert goal for adventurism as well as explorers. When the site is developed activities that tin select position at that topographic point include caving, chumbing, sightseeing as well as camping.
Akwantufo Bodan (Sstrangers Rock House) Ukwa Frami
The site is a mighty stone with a cave that tin render shelter for many people. The stone has a beautiful natural shape. In the older days it provided shelter for travelers/strangers to as well as from the coast. When developed, the site volition attract activities similar caving, trail hiking, as well as stone climbing.
Buomu Nuamakrom
This is some other shape of the magnificent stone formation inwards the District. It has a cave with several apartments. It is believed to have got been the abode of the god of the area. The people go at that topographic point periodically to pour libation. The evolution of the site could attract activities similar caving, rock, climbing, sightseeing as well as camping.
Oven-Shaped Cave – Twifo Canaan
This a huge stone formation. It is an oven-shaped cave that tin comprise nigh thirty people. It is believed to live the habitation of the god of the area. The god is seen every bit a humble tiger which becomes visible when sure as shooting rituals are performed. The position would attract activities similar sightseeing as well as camping ground when good developed.
Snake-Like Oil Palm Tree - Twifo Canaan
This is a snake-like oil palm tree located betwixt Bimipong wood reserves as well as a large cocoa farm. The site presents a rattling wonderful operate of nature. The coiled as well as meandering shape of the oil palm tree affords visitors the chance to know the extent to which nature tin deviate. Any evolution hither could attract educational tours as well as tourists inwards full general to have got a hold back at a wonderful operate of nature
source:http://ghanaculture.org/index1.ph
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/Africa
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