Info For Yous Bozo People: The Malian Soninke Line-Fishing People In Addition To Masters Of The River
The Bozo ( Boso, Sorogo, Tieyaxo Bozo) people are the skillful fishery, peaceful, friendly as well as Soninke-speaking ethnic grouping inhabiting predominantly along the Niger River inwards Mali. They are sometimes referred to equally the "masters of the river." The lead hold long maintained friendly relations with the Dogon as well as Nono, nearby tribes.
Bozo peoples festival on Niger,Segou, Mali
The cite Bozo is idea to derive from Bambara bo-so, 'Bamboo house'; the people bring it equally referring to the whole of the ethnic grouping exactly purpose to a greater extent than specific clan names such equally Sorogoye, Hain, as well as Tieye themselves.
As best as well as famous fishermen inwards the land-lock nation of Mali, the Bozo peculiarly the Tieye clan tin survive flora along all the main rivers; from Koa to Miérou on Niger River; Diafarabié to Sendédaga on Diaka River.
Bozo fishermen.
The Bozo-Sorogama (Sorogoye) clan are flora inwards the administrative circles of Djenné, Mopti, Youwarou, Tenenkou as well as Bandiagara. Between Bani as well as Niger rivers (Pondori dialect); betwixt Diaka as well as Niger rivers (Kotya dialect); Niger River from Mopti to Lake Débo (Korondougou dialect), due north of Kotya as well as arou (Source: Ethnologue 2010)
Here, they lead hold moved temporarily onto a small-scale isle which has appeared inwards the middle of the river equally the H2O plane has dropped inwards the weeks as well as months next the rainy season. The Bozo people are experts inwards living on the waterside as well as making a living from fishing.
Nomad Bozo girls stuck inwards the reeds on Niger River nigh Mopti, Mali
"According to legend, the Bozo are descendants of Faro, the H2O spirit as well as creator god. They were the "First Twins" of Faro. They are seen equally the inventors of the masquerade tradition inwards Mali.
The ancient Bozo people are credited for identifying "B" inwards the Sirius Eye equally ". Sirius, the most of import star inwards the Egyptian's heavens, was sometimes identified with their principal goddess Isis. Isis, equally Sirius, was customarily portrayed inwards paintings equally traveling with 2 companions inwards the same celestial boat. One companion of Isis was Osiris, the principal Egyptian god. The hieroglyph for Osiris is a throne as well as an eye. The Bozo tribe of Republic of Mali telephone telephone Sirius B "the optic star". Since Osiris is represented yesteryear an optic as well as is sometimes considered the companion of Sirius, thus is it plausible to tell that Osiris was Sirius B, as well as if so, how did the Egyptians as well as the Bozo's know that Sirius had a companion, a small-scale white dwarf star that was invisible to the naked eye? And who was the minute companion inwards that mysterious celestial boat? That response is the Faro, the H2O spirit as well as Creator God of Bozo people, if non humanity.
Bozo people, masters of the river, Mali
Rock drawings linked to the Bozo appointment dorsum equally far equally 6,000 years, exactly many aspects of their electrical flow civilization took shape nether the tenth century Republic of Ghana Empire, when the Bozo took possession of the banks of the Niger. The Bozo were the founders of the Malian cities of Djenné as well as Mopti.
The Bozo people are credited for founding the City of Ségou (Seku, Segu). Segou is a urban core inwards south-central Mali, lying 235 kilometres (146 mi) northeast of Bamako on the River Niger, inwards the percentage of Ségou. The Bozo founded on a site most 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the introduce town. With 130,690 inhabitants inwards 2009, it is the fifth-largest urban core inwards Mali.
Capital of the Bambara Empire inwards the past, Ségou is instantly the upper-case alphabetic quality of Mali’s quaternary largest administrative percentage of Ségou. It is known also equally the urban core of “Balanzan,” named later the local tree Acacia albida. Ségou has faced numerous conquests as well as changes of administration, exactly has ever benefited from merchandise with nearby commercial centres such equally Djenné as well as Timbuktu, as well as been an administrative middle as well as commercial middle for cereal as well as cattle.
Bozo fishermen, Mali
Although the Bozo command the waterways inwards much of their region, the state is dominated yesteryear other tribes who lead hold migrated into the town.
Location as well as Climate
The Bozo alive mostly inwards the Mopti percentage inwards the interior delta, exactly also dispersed or thus Republic of Mali as well as other West-African countries where in that location are rivers as well as dams.
These people are migrating to Bamako inwards pregnant numbers, exactly perchance with no smashing concentration inwards i place, dispersed through the city, exactly some along the river; equally seasonal nomads along the river systems equally far equally Timbuktoo; to Mopti.
Bozo people as well as their animals crossing river, Mali.
The climate inwards the Bozo expanse is hot as well as dry. Temperatures attain from 73 to 97 degrees, as well as in that location is entirely viii to xx inches of annual rainfall. Animal life is varied inwards the Bozo region. Giraffes, elephants, lions, as well as panthers inhabit the land, piece crocodiles as well as hippopotamuses alive inwards the rivers. Many birds, monkeys, as well as snakes also occupy the area.
Language
Bozo, the principal angling people of Inner Niger delta inwards Republic of Mali talk Bozo linguistic communication Bozo (sometimes Boso, 'house of straw') which belong to Niger-Congo linguistic communication family. According to the 2000 census, the Bozo people pose out most 132,100. The Bozo dialect cluster is ofttimes considered to survive i language, exactly in that location is quite a flake of diversity.
Ethnologue recognizes 4 languages on the footing of requirements for literacy materials. Bozo is business office of the northwestern branch of the Mande languages; the closest linguistic relative is Soninke, a major linguistic communication spoken inwards the northwestern department of southern Mali, inwards eastern Senegal, as well as inwards southern Mauritania. The Bozo ofttimes talk i or to a greater extent than regional languages such equally Bamana, Maasina Fulfulde, or Western Songhay.
Portrait of of piddling daughter from Bozo tribe,Segou inwards Mali. Anthony Pappone
The linguistic communication is tonal, with iii lexical tones.
The Bozo cluster breaks downwards into the next 4 varieties:
Hainyaxo (Hainyaho, Kɛlɛngaxo) (a few G speakers)
Tiɛma Cɛwɛ (Tièma cièwe) (2,500 speakers inwards 1991)
Tiéyaxo (Tigemaxo) (2,900 speakers inwards 2010)
Sorogaama (Jenaama, Sorko) (200,000 speakers inwards 2005)
Hainyaho, spoken yesteryear the Hain (sg. Xan), is the most western dialect, spoken inwards 2 spots along the Niger. It is most closely related to Tigemaxo, its eastern neighbor which is spoken or thus Diafarabé. The fundamental as well as most widely spoken Bozo linguistic communication is Sorogama, which genuinely consists of 4 dialects, Pondori (south of Mopti), Kotya, Korondugu (north of Mopti) as well as Debo (around Lake Debo). Tièma Cièwè is the northeastern most of the Bozo cluster, spoken inwards the vicinity of Lake Debo.
History
Historically, Bozo is i of the oldest people inwards Mali. They are the major subset of Soninke people.
Settlement
The Bozo alive inwards small, compact villages on the banks of streams. Several unlike types of dwellings may survive flora amidst them. Temporary angling camps are composed of straw huts. In the overflowing plains, dwellings built on artificial mounds are used. The most mutual type of village, however, is composed of rectangular houses with sun-dried brick walls. The roofs of these houses are apartment as well as made of beaten dirt that is supported on logs.
Bozo building
Economy
Bozo people are known for their angling expertise equally good equally an fantabulous boatmen equally a resultant they tend to alive or thus riverside.As the riverside nomads on the smashing River Niger Delta, when the river plane rises inwards the rainy flavour (and it floods most 20,000 sq kilometres of land), they regularly charge their homes, household goods as well as everything including themselves into their boats, as well as navigate to a novel waterside site.
Bozo fisherman throwing net
Here they laid upward their homes again, living as well as working until they involve to displace again. The Bozo fishermen annual angling grab constitutes i of Mali's principal exports.
They also engage inwards some agriculture, with rice as well as millet equally the staple crops. Corn, peanuts, onions, okra, as well as peppers are also grown. Market gardens create a variety of fruits as well as vegetables for sale
Bozo women also engage inwards bakery work organisation as well as other forms of commerce along the riversides.
Bozo baker
Fishing is the responsibleness of the Bozo men as well as boys. The women are ofttimes maintaining their fires, pounding millet for porridge, scrubbing blackened pots as well as re-muddling the outsides for cooking again. They tin also survive seen carding as well as spinning cotton fiber or other chores. It is also their chore to laid the fish for selling as well as sell it inwards the market.
Bozo people
The women heighten vegetables as well as tobacco, which they sell inwards the markets. Other agricultural work, however, is done yesteryear the men. Each Bozo hamlet also has at to the lowest degree i professional person hunter, who hunts hippopotamus, crocodile, as well as manatee.
Bozo women with their catch
Things nevertheless are changing for the Bozo equally their lives are becoming to a greater extent than modernized. Technology is leveling the torrid zone - jail cellphone phones, video, CD players, television, as well as satellites are making a huge touching on the society. Money as well as goods are becoming an of import commodity. There is increased accessibility yesteryear boat or road; making go easier as well as to a greater extent than possible.
There is becoming an increment of cognition as well as teaching inside the tribe equally some are going to schoolhouse inwards other villages. Overall, in that location is real piddling teaching inside the people group. In full general this people grouping is becoming to a greater extent than aware of the globe exterior them.
Culture
Bozo lodge is patriarchal (male dominated). Unmarried men alive inwards special bachelor huts inwards the villages, as well as married couples alive with the husband's family.
Bozo marriages are arranged yesteryear extended position unit of measurement heads through manly somebody intermediaries. The prospective groom gives gifts to the bride's parents as well as performs a bride-service. He must also pay a bride-price, exactly sometimes, instead of a bride-price, the 2 families commutation women. Polygyny (having to a greater extent than than i wife) is by as well as large practiced, exactly entirely to the Muslim limit of four.
Bozo state is owned yesteryear the community equally a whole as well as is administered yesteryear the community's headman, who lives inwards an interior courtroom inwards the middle of the village. The headman handles the affairs of the hamlet community as well as is also considered the "clan chief."
Religion
Before the advent of Islam Bozo people were practicing their traditional African Religion. They were worshiping a Supreme Being as well as Creator God, Faro. The Bozo people who are primarily fishermen lead hold a wonderful creation story most Faro.
Old Bozo woman, Mali
The Bozo are the 'first twins' according the tradition as well as worship Faro the spirit of water. The ram, valued throughout this region, was sacrificed for the start fourth dimension yesteryear God to redeem the errors committed yesteryear Mousso Koroni, the 'ancient piddling woman.' An era of disorder, violence as well as sterility was followed yesteryear a catamenia of prosperity, monastic enjoin as well as peace.
Bozo kids,Mopti, Mali
The Bozo are virtually all Muslim. As such, they adhere to the 5 "pillars," or duties, of Islam. These include affirming that "there is no god exactly Allah, as well as Mohammed is his prophet." Muslims must also give alms generously as well as are expected to pray 5 times daily, facing the holy urban core of Mecca. In addition, devout Muslims fast during the holy calendar month of Ramadan. Finally, they are expected to a brand a pilgrimage to Mecca at to the lowest degree in i lawsuit during their lifetime, if at all possible.
Bozo Muslims
source;http://hector-acebes.com/site/?page_id=8
Bozo peoples festival on Niger,Segou, Mali
The cite Bozo is idea to derive from Bambara bo-so, 'Bamboo house'; the people bring it equally referring to the whole of the ethnic grouping exactly purpose to a greater extent than specific clan names such equally Sorogoye, Hain, as well as Tieye themselves.
As best as well as famous fishermen inwards the land-lock nation of Mali, the Bozo peculiarly the Tieye clan tin survive flora along all the main rivers; from Koa to Miérou on Niger River; Diafarabié to Sendédaga on Diaka River.
Bozo fishermen.
The Bozo-Sorogama (Sorogoye) clan are flora inwards the administrative circles of Djenné, Mopti, Youwarou, Tenenkou as well as Bandiagara. Between Bani as well as Niger rivers (Pondori dialect); betwixt Diaka as well as Niger rivers (Kotya dialect); Niger River from Mopti to Lake Débo (Korondougou dialect), due north of Kotya as well as arou (Source: Ethnologue 2010)
Bozo daughter from Segou, Mali
Here, they lead hold moved temporarily onto a small-scale isle which has appeared inwards the middle of the river equally the H2O plane has dropped inwards the weeks as well as months next the rainy season. The Bozo people are experts inwards living on the waterside as well as making a living from fishing.
Nomad Bozo girls stuck inwards the reeds on Niger River nigh Mopti, Mali
"According to legend, the Bozo are descendants of Faro, the H2O spirit as well as creator god. They were the "First Twins" of Faro. They are seen equally the inventors of the masquerade tradition inwards Mali.
Bozo Sogo kun marsk
The ancient Bozo people are credited for identifying "B" inwards the Sirius Eye equally ". Sirius, the most of import star inwards the Egyptian's heavens, was sometimes identified with their principal goddess Isis. Isis, equally Sirius, was customarily portrayed inwards paintings equally traveling with 2 companions inwards the same celestial boat. One companion of Isis was Osiris, the principal Egyptian god. The hieroglyph for Osiris is a throne as well as an eye. The Bozo tribe of Republic of Mali telephone telephone Sirius B "the optic star". Since Osiris is represented yesteryear an optic as well as is sometimes considered the companion of Sirius, thus is it plausible to tell that Osiris was Sirius B, as well as if so, how did the Egyptians as well as the Bozo's know that Sirius had a companion, a small-scale white dwarf star that was invisible to the naked eye? And who was the minute companion inwards that mysterious celestial boat? That response is the Faro, the H2O spirit as well as Creator God of Bozo people, if non humanity.
Bozo people, masters of the river, Mali
Rock drawings linked to the Bozo appointment dorsum equally far equally 6,000 years, exactly many aspects of their electrical flow civilization took shape nether the tenth century Republic of Ghana Empire, when the Bozo took possession of the banks of the Niger. The Bozo were the founders of the Malian cities of Djenné as well as Mopti.
The Bozo people are credited for founding the City of Ségou (Seku, Segu). Segou is a urban core inwards south-central Mali, lying 235 kilometres (146 mi) northeast of Bamako on the River Niger, inwards the percentage of Ségou. The Bozo founded on a site most 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the introduce town. With 130,690 inhabitants inwards 2009, it is the fifth-largest urban core inwards Mali.
Bozo girl
Capital of the Bambara Empire inwards the past, Ségou is instantly the upper-case alphabetic quality of Mali’s quaternary largest administrative percentage of Ségou. It is known also equally the urban core of “Balanzan,” named later the local tree Acacia albida. Ségou has faced numerous conquests as well as changes of administration, exactly has ever benefited from merchandise with nearby commercial centres such equally Djenné as well as Timbuktu, as well as been an administrative middle as well as commercial middle for cereal as well as cattle.
Bozo fishermen, Mali
Although the Bozo command the waterways inwards much of their region, the state is dominated yesteryear other tribes who lead hold migrated into the town.
Location as well as Climate
The Bozo alive mostly inwards the Mopti percentage inwards the interior delta, exactly also dispersed or thus Republic of Mali as well as other West-African countries where in that location are rivers as well as dams.
These people are migrating to Bamako inwards pregnant numbers, exactly perchance with no smashing concentration inwards i place, dispersed through the city, exactly some along the river; equally seasonal nomads along the river systems equally far equally Timbuktoo; to Mopti.
Bozo people as well as their animals crossing river, Mali.
The climate inwards the Bozo expanse is hot as well as dry. Temperatures attain from 73 to 97 degrees, as well as in that location is entirely viii to xx inches of annual rainfall. Animal life is varied inwards the Bozo region. Giraffes, elephants, lions, as well as panthers inhabit the land, piece crocodiles as well as hippopotamuses alive inwards the rivers. Many birds, monkeys, as well as snakes also occupy the area.
Language
Bozo, the principal angling people of Inner Niger delta inwards Republic of Mali talk Bozo linguistic communication Bozo (sometimes Boso, 'house of straw') which belong to Niger-Congo linguistic communication family. According to the 2000 census, the Bozo people pose out most 132,100. The Bozo dialect cluster is ofttimes considered to survive i language, exactly in that location is quite a flake of diversity.
Bozo tribe girl, near Senossa/Djenné,Mali
Ethnologue recognizes 4 languages on the footing of requirements for literacy materials. Bozo is business office of the northwestern branch of the Mande languages; the closest linguistic relative is Soninke, a major linguistic communication spoken inwards the northwestern department of southern Mali, inwards eastern Senegal, as well as inwards southern Mauritania. The Bozo ofttimes talk i or to a greater extent than regional languages such equally Bamana, Maasina Fulfulde, or Western Songhay.
Portrait of of piddling daughter from Bozo tribe,Segou inwards Mali. Anthony Pappone
The linguistic communication is tonal, with iii lexical tones.
The Bozo cluster breaks downwards into the next 4 varieties:
Hainyaxo (Hainyaho, Kɛlɛngaxo) (a few G speakers)
Tiɛma Cɛwɛ (Tièma cièwe) (2,500 speakers inwards 1991)
Tiéyaxo (Tigemaxo) (2,900 speakers inwards 2010)
Sorogaama (Jenaama, Sorko) (200,000 speakers inwards 2005)
Bozo woman
Hainyaho, spoken yesteryear the Hain (sg. Xan), is the most western dialect, spoken inwards 2 spots along the Niger. It is most closely related to Tigemaxo, its eastern neighbor which is spoken or thus Diafarabé. The fundamental as well as most widely spoken Bozo linguistic communication is Sorogama, which genuinely consists of 4 dialects, Pondori (south of Mopti), Kotya, Korondugu (north of Mopti) as well as Debo (around Lake Debo). Tièma Cièwè is the northeastern most of the Bozo cluster, spoken inwards the vicinity of Lake Debo.
Waiting for carry over The Niger River. www.ingetjetadros.com
History
Historically, Bozo is i of the oldest people inwards Mali. They are the major subset of Soninke people.
Settlement
The Bozo alive inwards small, compact villages on the banks of streams. Several unlike types of dwellings may survive flora amidst them. Temporary angling camps are composed of straw huts. In the overflowing plains, dwellings built on artificial mounds are used. The most mutual type of village, however, is composed of rectangular houses with sun-dried brick walls. The roofs of these houses are apartment as well as made of beaten dirt that is supported on logs.
Bozo building
Economy
Bozo people are known for their angling expertise equally good equally an fantabulous boatmen equally a resultant they tend to alive or thus riverside.As the riverside nomads on the smashing River Niger Delta, when the river plane rises inwards the rainy flavour (and it floods most 20,000 sq kilometres of land), they regularly charge their homes, household goods as well as everything including themselves into their boats, as well as navigate to a novel waterside site.
Bozo fisherman throwing net
Here they laid upward their homes again, living as well as working until they involve to displace again. The Bozo fishermen annual angling grab constitutes i of Mali's principal exports.
Bozo angling woman
They also engage inwards some agriculture, with rice as well as millet equally the staple crops. Corn, peanuts, onions, okra, as well as peppers are also grown. Market gardens create a variety of fruits as well as vegetables for sale
Bozo women also engage inwards bakery work organisation as well as other forms of commerce along the riversides.
Bozo baker
Fishing is the responsibleness of the Bozo men as well as boys. The women are ofttimes maintaining their fires, pounding millet for porridge, scrubbing blackened pots as well as re-muddling the outsides for cooking again. They tin also survive seen carding as well as spinning cotton fiber or other chores. It is also their chore to laid the fish for selling as well as sell it inwards the market.
Bozo people
The women heighten vegetables as well as tobacco, which they sell inwards the markets. Other agricultural work, however, is done yesteryear the men. Each Bozo hamlet also has at to the lowest degree i professional person hunter, who hunts hippopotamus, crocodile, as well as manatee.
Bozo women with their catchThings nevertheless are changing for the Bozo equally their lives are becoming to a greater extent than modernized. Technology is leveling the torrid zone - jail cellphone phones, video, CD players, television, as well as satellites are making a huge touching on the society. Money as well as goods are becoming an of import commodity. There is increased accessibility yesteryear boat or road; making go easier as well as to a greater extent than possible.
There is becoming an increment of cognition as well as teaching inside the tribe equally some are going to schoolhouse inwards other villages. Overall, in that location is real piddling teaching inside the people group. In full general this people grouping is becoming to a greater extent than aware of the globe exterior them.
Bozo one-time lady selling fish
Culture
Bozo lodge is patriarchal (male dominated). Unmarried men alive inwards special bachelor huts inwards the villages, as well as married couples alive with the husband's family.
Bozo adult woman with babe at a nomadic angling hamlet with the river Niger, Mali. Chris G Images
Bozo marriages are arranged yesteryear extended position unit of measurement heads through manly somebody intermediaries. The prospective groom gives gifts to the bride's parents as well as performs a bride-service. He must also pay a bride-price, exactly sometimes, instead of a bride-price, the 2 families commutation women. Polygyny (having to a greater extent than than i wife) is by as well as large practiced, exactly entirely to the Muslim limit of four.
Bozo state is owned yesteryear the community equally a whole as well as is administered yesteryear the community's headman, who lives inwards an interior courtroom inwards the middle of the village. The headman handles the affairs of the hamlet community as well as is also considered the "clan chief."
Religion
Before the advent of Islam Bozo people were practicing their traditional African Religion. They were worshiping a Supreme Being as well as Creator God, Faro. The Bozo people who are primarily fishermen lead hold a wonderful creation story most Faro.
Old Bozo woman, Mali
The Bozo are the 'first twins' according the tradition as well as worship Faro the spirit of water. The ram, valued throughout this region, was sacrificed for the start fourth dimension yesteryear God to redeem the errors committed yesteryear Mousso Koroni, the 'ancient piddling woman.' An era of disorder, violence as well as sterility was followed yesteryear a catamenia of prosperity, monastic enjoin as well as peace.
Bozo kids,Mopti, Mali
The Bozo are virtually all Muslim. As such, they adhere to the 5 "pillars," or duties, of Islam. These include affirming that "there is no god exactly Allah, as well as Mohammed is his prophet." Muslims must also give alms generously as well as are expected to pray 5 times daily, facing the holy urban core of Mecca. In addition, devout Muslims fast during the holy calendar month of Ramadan. Finally, they are expected to a brand a pilgrimage to Mecca at to the lowest degree in i lawsuit during their lifetime, if at all possible.
Bozo Muslims
Bozo (and Mali`s Bamana) legend of Sigi
The bush buffalo of the Republic of Mali tradition. He is the ability as well as forcefulness of men as well as adorns the tribe with his celestial horns, milk as well as hide. Sigi is i of the Sogow mythical animals of Republic of Mali folklore. The Bamana people believe that Sigi’s trunk represents the Niger river as well as his horns correspond the canoes from which the Bozo fisherman of the Bamana people get together riches.
Fisher adult woman of Bozo tribe
The Sogow are colourful animals who are characters inwards folkloric stories. These stories are reenacted inwards a masquerade where puppeteers go these mystical animals. These puppets are real large as well as tin disguise a few people who all go to animate the brute to scare as well as entertain audiences. Such masquerades are pop with the Bamana tribe. The fisherman of the Bozo tribe are believed to lead hold start do the exquisite masquerades.
Sigi is a colourful buffalo who similar other Sogow has smaller puppets of xanthous skinned people on his back. Puppeteers would animate the large trunk of Sigi whilst others would purpose rods to command the human shaped puppets on Sigi’s back. Sigi carries a farmer with his hoe, a millet pounding women, a Faro (creator god) as well as some musicians. Sigi dances real slow allowing the puppeteers to animate the characters on his back. He has curt interludes of dexterous movements followed yesteryear a few dips earlier returning to his ho-hum movements inwards his dance. Solo singers as well as a choir of women as well as girls sing most the smashing ability as well as beauty as well as beauty of Sigi, accompanied yesteryear drums, gourd rattles, as well as castanets.
Bozo kid selling tilapia.Mali
Bozo kids inwards the hamlet of mopti. Nicolas Jalibert
Bozo hamlet kitchen
Bozo homo ,Segou,Mali. Davide Comelli
source;http://hector-acebes.com/site/?page_id=8
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