Info For Yous Bilen People: Eritrean Ethnic Grouping That Convey Their Women Wearing Olfactory Organ Rings Signifying Their Social Status
The Bilen (Blin or Bilin) are hardworking, agriculturalist Cushitic ethnic grouping on the Horn of Africa. They are primarily concentrated inwards fundamental Eritrea, inwards as well as around the metropolis of Keren as well as farther due south toward Asmara, the nation's capital
They were formerly known as the Bogo or North Agaw. The pregnant of the give-and-take 'Bilin' also is non known. Some version of the tradition holds that it is Saho give-and-take (belen) for Christian. In fact, 'Belen' inwards Saho agency a Christian. (Kiflemariam Hamdé, 'Absmará yunivarsiti, p.3)
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea inwards an awesome smile
The Blin offset entered Eritrea from Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia during the sixteenth century primarily agriculturalists, they
number virtually 96,000 as well as stand upwards for around 2.1% of Eritrea's population. About 50 per centum of their
population are Christian, primarily Catholic, spell the other 50 per centum are 20th century converts to
Sunni Islam.
Blin is also the shout out of their language, an Agaw linguistic communication which belongs to the larger Afro-Asiatic linguistic communication group. Sixty per centum of the Christians have got some understanding of Tigrinya. Seventy per centum of the Muslims also usage Tigre. Among the youth, Standard Arabic is also spoken.
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea
Keren is the 2d largest metropolis inwards Eritrea, lying northwest of Asmara. It is the majuscule of the Anseba
province as well as identify of the Bilen tribe. As of 2005, the population of this metropolis has been estimated to be
86,483.The metropolis is integrated with unlike types of tribes; Blin as well as Tigre are the dominant. It has two
High schools, St. Joseph as well as Keren Secondary School. Its climate is semi-desert hot during summary
as well as mutual depression temperature during winter. It is i of the fast growing cities inwards the country.
Bilen traditional social club is organised into kinship groups. The women are known for their brightly
coloured clothes as well as their gold, silverish or copper nose-rings which dot their social status.
Customs as well as Traditions of the Bilen Ethinic Group
Whenever i thinks virtually Eritrea, the immediate thing that comes to one’s remove heed is the existing rigid harmony as well as coexistence with the nine ethnic groups of the country. Mutual honour as well as tolerance are deeply rooted inwards the Eritrean social club which inwards plough serves as pillar for the acquaint theatre unity as well as nationalism – an asset rarely found inwards other countries. All these noble values of mutual honour as well as harmony symbolize the cherished slogan of unity inwards diversity. Despite the prevailing unity with all ethnic groups, each nationality is endowed with its ain rich civilization as well as tradition that distinguish the Earth as a multicultural nation.
Ethnic Bilen women from Eritrea
The spectacular blueprint of living, customs, dressing vogue as well as other ritual ceremonies of each ethnic grouping are also some of the decisive factors for tourism attraction.
In this offset article of a continuing serial virtually Eritrean cultures as well as customs, nosotros volition endeavour to explore the rich civilization of the Bilen ethnic group. Members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are commonly found inwards the Anseba region, peculiarly south-central component subdivision of the country, inwards as well as around Keren town as well as due south toward Asmara. Primarily agriculturalists, this ethnic grouping stand upwards for virtually 2.1% of Eritrea's population. Bilen is also the shout out of their language.
Marriage as well as Family Engagement
Among this ethnic group, engagement is a family’s affair. The time to come spouses have got no tell whatsoever inwards their time to come married life. If for some argue 2 lovers larn married without prior permission from their respective parents, the man child is obliged to pay a sure enough amount of coin plus an ox to the girl’s father.
The union candidate has to fulfill the next requirements:
Same religion, closed blood human relationship (in Moslem society), no blood human relationship whatsoever upwards to 7 generations (in Christian society), beauty, riches as well as health.
In engagement, the manful somebody raise of the man child has cypher to offering to the manful somebody raise of the girl. In fact it is the latter who is expected to give a moo-cow or an ox to the former. Among this ethnic group, the man child as well as the daughter are promised for engagement past times their respective families spell silent inwards their mother’s wombs. On the tertiary twenty-four hr menstruum of the engagement, the woman raise of the betrothed daughter prepares boiled legume as well as distributes it with the villagers inwards the hope that her grandchildren powerfulness multiply similar the sands of the sea.
Honeymoon
Among the Bilen ethnic group, the honeymoon may occur for 2 to 3 months on end. During these months, the bride enjoys visits from friends as well as relatives. The procedure continues until the fourth dimension that the bride returns to her theatre unit of measurement or Melesot.
12 days afterwards the marriage ceremony ceremony, the groom goes downwardly to a stream with his friends, to launder himself as well as his clothes. The bride remains inwards her room as well as has her pilus plaited as well as her eyes shadowed with Kohli.
xl days afterwards the marriage ceremony day, the groom ceremoniously puts downwardly the sword which he had carried since the union ceremony for fright that the evil spirits may non whisk him away.
The “disarming” ceremony heralds the final result of the component subdivision held past times the best homo inwards the theatre of the couple. He goes off to his daily run as well as so does the groom. During the honeymoon period, the bride is non allowed to sit down at the same tabular array with her husband. She takes her meals with her sis in-law as well as she eats frugally. The groom, who sits with his friends at the table, has no inhibition regarding the way he eats.
Since the bride is confined to her room all through the honeymoon period, she is obliged to salve herself inwards a special pot provided for the occasion. Furthermore, she is non permitted to telephone yell upwards out for someone inwards a loud vocalisation as well as is thus provided with a bell. Among this ethnic group, a lot of coin as well as release energy is spent on honeymooning. Fortunately, at that topographic point are ever all sorts of relatives to pes the bill.
Post-honeymoon life
The Bilen ethnic grouping also follow other types of union that are out of the norm, namely Mer’a Hayam, Mer’a Chiluk, etc. When the honeymoon is over as well as life returns to normal in i trial more, the span continues to remain with the groom’s family. However, the eagerness of the groom to attend to his ain affairs past times himself as well as the continuous disagreement betwixt the bride as well as her woman raise in-law may shorten the couple’s remain with the theatre unit of measurement as well as so they pack upwards as well as locomote to alive inwards a separate identify on their own. On the other hand, if the groom feels that he has no plenty agricultural tools to start a decent life all past times himself as well as if the bride as well as the woman raise in-law larn along fine together, the span may prolong their remain with the family.
As the presently as the span have got their ain house, the usage they play inwards the social club shows some changes. Now they are total members of the social club as well as relish all the rights as well as privileges inwards the village. Nonetheless, the adult woman remains unequal to the man. In a patriarchal as well as manful somebody dominated social club similar that of the Bilen, the married adult man is the solely breadwinner as well as tin make whatever he likes with the property. He tin purchase as well as sell as he pleases as well as everything inwards the theatre is nether his control. The adult woman on the other mitt is confined to the kitchen as well as bearing children. If she is given some run similar poultry to tend or taking tending of some household goods, it is because such activities may seem degrading for a homo to fifty-fifty pay attending to.
Pregnancy as well as after
As inwards all other Eritrean ethnic groups, the Bilen exhibit special traditional mental attitude towards pregnant women. If the adult woman is inwards total term, she is non allowed to perform heavy duty plant such as grinding corn, carrying heavy loads, etc. She uses a lot of ointment as well as takes smoke baths frequently. She eats obese foods as well as wears warm clothes. The pregnant adult woman refrains from going funerals as well as from attending large gatherings. The thought is to protect her from the hustle as well as jostle of a crowd.
When the fourth dimension for her to give nascency arrives, the pregnant adult woman goes to her parent’s theatre provided she is giving nascency for the offset time. If the labor pangs convey to a greater extent than fourth dimension than normal, prayers are said on her behalf. If nonetheless the labor hurting continues, the whole hamlet supplicates God for mercy.
At present, consulting the Dr. inwards such instance is becoming common. When a kid is born, the umbilical cord is instantly cutting with a abrupt razor. Next, the midwife breathes inwards the infant’s ears as well as nostrils as well as and so washes it with warm water.
If the newly born kid is male, the whole household rejoices with exceeding gladness, for a manful somebody is the unquestioned heir of the family. That’s why they ululate 7 times for a manful somebody as well as solely 3 times for a female.
The neighborhood who come upwards to the feast afterwards hearing the ululation are served java as well as porridge as well as visitors brand it carrying java beans, milk, flour, butter, etc. Eight days afterwards giving birth, the adult woman is allowed to larn out of her theatre for a walk, but solely afterwards the ceremony of stepping over burning firewood. The child’s caput is as well as so shaved past times the manful somebody raise who leaves a minor tuft of pilus on the skull to a higher identify the forehead.
This is followed past times some other ceremony which includes the washing of the women’s laundry past times the neighborhood women. After the halt of the launder day, the women are invited for java as well as porridge at the theatre of the adult woman who gave birth.
Divorce
There are several reasons for couples to larn divorced inwards the Bilin ethnic group. Some of them are listed below:
· If the married adult man doesn’t deliver
· If the married adult man beats his married adult woman continually
· If the married adult woman is loath to have guests
· If the married adult woman doesn’t railroad train meals for her husband, etc.
Since the Bilen are mostly Catholics, divorce is real hard to implement. It is thus customary with this ethnic grouping that inwards the number that it is the homo who is bespeak for divorce, he has solely to leave of absence the house. The married adult woman remains inwards the theatre with all the couple’s properties nether her care. On the other hand, if it is the married adult woman who is bespeak for divorce, she has solely to leave of absence the theatre without much ado. But if divorce is wanted past times both parties, the properties are divided as betwixt them.
Inheritance
In Sharkin as well as its surroundings the next items are dependent area to inheritance: house, title, debt, the fiancée or the married adult woman of a dead person. But items such as woods, grazing lands as well as H2O holes belong to the community as well as are non inheritable.
Although most of the fourth dimension inheritance is conducted without recourse to volition as well as testament, at that topographic point are instances where volition as well as testaments is demanded. The argue why wills as well as testament is non needed is because the legal heirs are most of the fourth dimension known earlier hand. However, the most mutual as well as acceptable way of transferring holding is through written will.
When a married adult man dies, the offset somebody inwards the draw of inheritance is the wife. Next come upwards the children, as well as inwards the absence of issue, his brothers locomote the heirs. In the number that he has no brothers, the estate goes to his cousins. If the married adult man has no issue, as well as so the married adult woman is entitled to all his holding provided that she does non remarry. However, if she intends to remarry, she has to leave of absence all the holding to her children. If a somebody who losses his married adult woman wants to remarry, he has firs to mitt over the part of the deceased married adult woman as well as her jewelry to the children.
Although girls are often deprived of their rights of inheritance, single girls are entitled to an equal part along with their brothers. As inwards the remainder of the Eritrean ethnic groups, the sharing of inheritance is made afterwards the commemoration feast for the dead somebody is held. At times, the sharing of inheritance may larn prolonged inwards the number that the heirs are also immature to make goodness from it.
Food as well as Diet
The most mutual cereal with this ethnic grouping is millet. This cereal is Earth past times women on millstones as well as the flour into kitcha, ga’at (thick porridge eaten with ghee), taita as well as hanza. Some cereals are eaten boiled. Most of the utensils used inwards the training of this nutrient items are homemade.
The Bilen usage diary products as their staple food, specializing inwards curd. This is because most of the members of this ethnic grouping are farmers raising livestock. Shiro is also i of the commonly prepared dishes. Meat is eaten especially during holidays such as negdet (anniversary of patron saints), Easter, New Year, etc. as well as inwards some rare occasions when cattle are virtually to locomote for i argue or some other they are slaughtered for meat. This is mutual exercise with most of the nine Eritrean ethnic groups.
The members of the Bilen ethnic grouping eat a goodness amount of fruits as well as vegetables as well as usage nug as well as sesame oils for cooking their food. Besides, the Bilen are neat users of spices as well as condiments such as garlic, onion, mustard, pepper, etc. They also eat a large amount of wild fruits. The members of this ethnic grouping are also experts at preserving food, which are commonly used for long ravels. Some of these are roasted peanuts, tamarind, Earth flaxseed, roasted wheat or barely, etc.
There is a specially prepared nutrient known as beshelat which tin hold upwards kept for a whole year. Its training is as follows: the dregs of surwa are made to boil as well as is as well as so mixed with flour. The mixture is as well as so poured on a mat as well as left to dry out inwards the sun. Once dried, it is position inwards a container as well as sealed. It as well as so tin hold upwards eaten as porridge whatsoever fourth dimension i feels similar it. Roasted peanuts tin hold upwards kept for long as well as make non demand elaborate preparation.
Once grace is said, the children convey their respective seats as well as hold back for morsels of breadstuff (which have got been blessed past times elder) to hold upwards handed out to them. Forbidden are drinking H2O spell eating, eating from someone else’s side as well as taking a large morsel.
After every i is satiated, the eldest kid goes around with bowl as well as a tin-can total of H2O helping the remainder to launder their hands. The whole ceremony ends with a prayer.
The members of this ethnic grouping usage diverse kinds of drinks such as debob, massa as well as berzi. Among these, debob is the most commonly used which is used inwards marriage ceremony feats, holidays, commemoration for the dead, celebration of patron saints, etc. It is said to hold upwards that debob tin hold unspoiled upwards to iv months. In improver to the above-mentioned beverages, other modern ones such as areki, local vino as well as sweetness syrup are used.
The Bilen beingness mostly followers of Islam as well as Catholicism, the diet they follow during lent or religious festival vary accordingly.
Clothing as well as Adornments
Footwear has been used irrespective of historic menstruum or sexual activity from early on times with the members of this ethnic group. Before the coming of the Italians, a leather sandal known as medas was real common. This was crafted past times the local people themselves.
At present, members of this ethnic grouping article of apparel shoes of all types irrespective of historic menstruum as well as sex, but most are fabricated past times professionals. The usage of prophylactic soles is also becoming popular, as well as modern shoes are making their entry inwards minor towns.
In Sharkin as well as its environs, at that topographic point are diverse types of decoration made past times professionals for manful somebody as well as woman somebody customers. An single daughter puts an earring made of silverish (and of gilded if she is from rich family) called telal, as well as bracelets. If she is married, she puts iv inwards each ear, as well as she puts a gilded decoration (known as Sardat) on her forehead. Women who cannot afford silverish or gilded usage beads instead.
Men sometimes usage silverish leg bands as well as silverish earring, especially during the initiation ceremony. During mourning, a married adult woman is expected to larn rid of all her decoration as well as stays similar that for a menstruum of 2 years. If a married adult woman during mourning gives nascency to a child, she puts an mistaken decoration made of palm leaves.
Children belonging to the Bilen ethnic grouping shave their heads as well as leave of absence a minor tuff of their pilus on the crown of the caput until they start to walk. For manful somebody children, this tuff of pilus remains with them till the historic menstruum of 10. Afterwards they have got their heads shaved as well as during the initiation ceremony they article of apparel their pilus inwards Afro-style. When women grew old, they are expected to shave of their heads or have got their pilus plaited without ornament.
During mourning, some adult males are seen with their heads shaved off. As for widows, they are expected to shave their heads completely. Hairdressing is done past times relatives as well as friends with the Bilen, as well as no professionals are laid aside for such jobs.
Cosmetics
Bilen women position ointment inwards their eyes earlier applying kohl. For fashioning long as well as loose strands of pilus with wet-look, Bilen women apply butter mixed with pulverisation made of roasted durrah or manifestly globe to the strands. In addition, they apply henna to their hands as well as legs. Among this ethnic group, males make sometimes apply butter to their hair.
Tish or smoke bath
Smoke bathroom is real mutual with the woman somebody members of this ethnic group, especially with married women. They make it for hygienic as well as aesthetic reasons. Smoke bathroom is non ever without its inconveniences as well as requires patience as well as neat endurance to physical hurting (as the heated smoke that is produced from the non completely dried twigs as well as leaves does sometimes sack the sensitive pare of the orifices as well as crusade pain). Nevertheless, whether they similar it or not, married women are expected past times tradition to undergo the handling until the ‘old’ pare is peeled off as well as a novel yellowish as well as ‘beautiful’ i is grown instead.
Construction of houses
The people of Sharkin as well as its surrounding alive inwards fixed villages. These members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are expected to leave of absence infinite for streets when they build their houses. The width of the street should hold upwards large plenty to allow yoked oxen as well as iv pallbearers as well as the in conclusion determination for structure is given past times the hamlet elders. Old houses without owners are transferred to other people through a determination reached past times hamlet elders.
Only those who are ready to larn married as well as flora families are given Earth to build houses. Women as well as strangers make non have got rights to land.
Among this ethic group, the commonest type of identify theatre is the augudo. However, some rich people are seen to build merebas. And at times it is mutual to run across immature spouses as well as less often long married couples living inwards agnets as temporary shelters.
As for agdos built past times the members of this ethnic group, at that topographic point is a rigid similarity betwixt the ones built inwards the highlands as well as those built past times the Bilen. The solely divergence is inwards the household goods, slice of furniture as well as facilities used. For example, the within walls of the Bilen augudo is draped with a mat known as higag. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 drapery known as litamet as well as a long veil to enshroud the bed known as aleget are also used.
Among the members of this ethnic group, the houses are constructed through hamlet cooperation. The somebody whose theatre is beingness built past times the hamlet volunteer undertaking forcefulness is expected to render the workers with food, imbibe as well as tobacco. However, non all the houses are built inwards this manner, because afterwards all the rich have got the agency to build their houses through professional person masons.
At present, the tendency is to build merebas, as well as hither as well as there, cement, lime, chiseled stones are making their gradual introduction. The walls are nowadays built a fleck higher than the past. The old traditional houses had solely doors as well as no windows. But at nowadays non solely windows are inwards usage but doors are beingness made of woods crafted past times professional person carpenters.
Beautiful Bilen daughter from Eritrea
They were formerly known as the Bogo or North Agaw. The pregnant of the give-and-take 'Bilin' also is non known. Some version of the tradition holds that it is Saho give-and-take (belen) for Christian. In fact, 'Belen' inwards Saho agency a Christian. (Kiflemariam Hamdé, 'Absmará yunivarsiti, p.3)
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea inwards an awesome smile
The Blin offset entered Eritrea from Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia during the sixteenth century primarily agriculturalists, they
number virtually 96,000 as well as stand upwards for around 2.1% of Eritrea's population. About 50 per centum of their
population are Christian, primarily Catholic, spell the other 50 per centum are 20th century converts to
Sunni Islam.
Bilen Tribe Girl Having Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Haircut, Keren, Eritrea. Eric Lafforgue
Blin is also the shout out of their language, an Agaw linguistic communication which belongs to the larger Afro-Asiatic linguistic communication group. Sixty per centum of the Christians have got some understanding of Tigrinya. Seventy per centum of the Muslims also usage Tigre. Among the youth, Standard Arabic is also spoken.
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea
Keren is the 2d largest metropolis inwards Eritrea, lying northwest of Asmara. It is the majuscule of the Anseba
province as well as identify of the Bilen tribe. As of 2005, the population of this metropolis has been estimated to be
86,483.The metropolis is integrated with unlike types of tribes; Blin as well as Tigre are the dominant. It has two
High schools, St. Joseph as well as Keren Secondary School. Its climate is semi-desert hot during summary
as well as mutual depression temperature during winter. It is i of the fast growing cities inwards the country.
Bilen woman
Bilen traditional social club is organised into kinship groups. The women are known for their brightly
coloured clothes as well as their gold, silverish or copper nose-rings which dot their social status.
Bilen old lady from Eritrea
Customs as well as Traditions of the Bilen Ethinic Group
Whenever i thinks virtually Eritrea, the immediate thing that comes to one’s remove heed is the existing rigid harmony as well as coexistence with the nine ethnic groups of the country. Mutual honour as well as tolerance are deeply rooted inwards the Eritrean social club which inwards plough serves as pillar for the acquaint theatre unity as well as nationalism – an asset rarely found inwards other countries. All these noble values of mutual honour as well as harmony symbolize the cherished slogan of unity inwards diversity. Despite the prevailing unity with all ethnic groups, each nationality is endowed with its ain rich civilization as well as tradition that distinguish the Earth as a multicultural nation.
Ethnic Bilen women from Eritrea
The spectacular blueprint of living, customs, dressing vogue as well as other ritual ceremonies of each ethnic grouping are also some of the decisive factors for tourism attraction.
In this offset article of a continuing serial virtually Eritrean cultures as well as customs, nosotros volition endeavour to explore the rich civilization of the Bilen ethnic group. Members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are commonly found inwards the Anseba region, peculiarly south-central component subdivision of the country, inwards as well as around Keren town as well as due south toward Asmara. Primarily agriculturalists, this ethnic grouping stand upwards for virtually 2.1% of Eritrea's population. Bilen is also the shout out of their language.
Marriage as well as Family Engagement
Among this ethnic group, engagement is a family’s affair. The time to come spouses have got no tell whatsoever inwards their time to come married life. If for some argue 2 lovers larn married without prior permission from their respective parents, the man child is obliged to pay a sure enough amount of coin plus an ox to the girl’s father.
The union candidate has to fulfill the next requirements:
Same religion, closed blood human relationship (in Moslem society), no blood human relationship whatsoever upwards to 7 generations (in Christian society), beauty, riches as well as health.
In engagement, the manful somebody raise of the man child has cypher to offering to the manful somebody raise of the girl. In fact it is the latter who is expected to give a moo-cow or an ox to the former. Among this ethnic group, the man child as well as the daughter are promised for engagement past times their respective families spell silent inwards their mother’s wombs. On the tertiary twenty-four hr menstruum of the engagement, the woman raise of the betrothed daughter prepares boiled legume as well as distributes it with the villagers inwards the hope that her grandchildren powerfulness multiply similar the sands of the sea.
Bilen lady
Honeymoon
Among the Bilen ethnic group, the honeymoon may occur for 2 to 3 months on end. During these months, the bride enjoys visits from friends as well as relatives. The procedure continues until the fourth dimension that the bride returns to her theatre unit of measurement or Melesot.
12 days afterwards the marriage ceremony ceremony, the groom goes downwardly to a stream with his friends, to launder himself as well as his clothes. The bride remains inwards her room as well as has her pilus plaited as well as her eyes shadowed with Kohli.
xl days afterwards the marriage ceremony day, the groom ceremoniously puts downwardly the sword which he had carried since the union ceremony for fright that the evil spirits may non whisk him away.
The “disarming” ceremony heralds the final result of the component subdivision held past times the best homo inwards the theatre of the couple. He goes off to his daily run as well as so does the groom. During the honeymoon period, the bride is non allowed to sit down at the same tabular array with her husband. She takes her meals with her sis in-law as well as she eats frugally. The groom, who sits with his friends at the table, has no inhibition regarding the way he eats.
Since the bride is confined to her room all through the honeymoon period, she is obliged to salve herself inwards a special pot provided for the occasion. Furthermore, she is non permitted to telephone yell upwards out for someone inwards a loud vocalisation as well as is thus provided with a bell. Among this ethnic group, a lot of coin as well as release energy is spent on honeymooning. Fortunately, at that topographic point are ever all sorts of relatives to pes the bill.
portrait of bilen woman
Post-honeymoon life
The Bilen ethnic grouping also follow other types of union that are out of the norm, namely Mer’a Hayam, Mer’a Chiluk, etc. When the honeymoon is over as well as life returns to normal in i trial more, the span continues to remain with the groom’s family. However, the eagerness of the groom to attend to his ain affairs past times himself as well as the continuous disagreement betwixt the bride as well as her woman raise in-law may shorten the couple’s remain with the theatre unit of measurement as well as so they pack upwards as well as locomote to alive inwards a separate identify on their own. On the other hand, if the groom feels that he has no plenty agricultural tools to start a decent life all past times himself as well as if the bride as well as the woman raise in-law larn along fine together, the span may prolong their remain with the family.
As the presently as the span have got their ain house, the usage they play inwards the social club shows some changes. Now they are total members of the social club as well as relish all the rights as well as privileges inwards the village. Nonetheless, the adult woman remains unequal to the man. In a patriarchal as well as manful somebody dominated social club similar that of the Bilen, the married adult man is the solely breadwinner as well as tin make whatever he likes with the property. He tin purchase as well as sell as he pleases as well as everything inwards the theatre is nether his control. The adult woman on the other mitt is confined to the kitchen as well as bearing children. If she is given some run similar poultry to tend or taking tending of some household goods, it is because such activities may seem degrading for a homo to fifty-fifty pay attending to.
Pregnancy as well as after
As inwards all other Eritrean ethnic groups, the Bilen exhibit special traditional mental attitude towards pregnant women. If the adult woman is inwards total term, she is non allowed to perform heavy duty plant such as grinding corn, carrying heavy loads, etc. She uses a lot of ointment as well as takes smoke baths frequently. She eats obese foods as well as wears warm clothes. The pregnant adult woman refrains from going funerals as well as from attending large gatherings. The thought is to protect her from the hustle as well as jostle of a crowd.
When the fourth dimension for her to give nascency arrives, the pregnant adult woman goes to her parent’s theatre provided she is giving nascency for the offset time. If the labor pangs convey to a greater extent than fourth dimension than normal, prayers are said on her behalf. If nonetheless the labor hurting continues, the whole hamlet supplicates God for mercy.
At present, consulting the Dr. inwards such instance is becoming common. When a kid is born, the umbilical cord is instantly cutting with a abrupt razor. Next, the midwife breathes inwards the infant’s ears as well as nostrils as well as and so washes it with warm water.
If the newly born kid is male, the whole household rejoices with exceeding gladness, for a manful somebody is the unquestioned heir of the family. That’s why they ululate 7 times for a manful somebody as well as solely 3 times for a female.
The neighborhood who come upwards to the feast afterwards hearing the ululation are served java as well as porridge as well as visitors brand it carrying java beans, milk, flour, butter, etc. Eight days afterwards giving birth, the adult woman is allowed to larn out of her theatre for a walk, but solely afterwards the ceremony of stepping over burning firewood. The child’s caput is as well as so shaved past times the manful somebody raise who leaves a minor tuft of pilus on the skull to a higher identify the forehead.
This is followed past times some other ceremony which includes the washing of the women’s laundry past times the neighborhood women. After the halt of the launder day, the women are invited for java as well as porridge at the theatre of the adult woman who gave birth.
Divorce
There are several reasons for couples to larn divorced inwards the Bilin ethnic group. Some of them are listed below:
· If the married adult man doesn’t deliver
· If the married adult man beats his married adult woman continually
· If the married adult woman is loath to have guests
· If the married adult woman doesn’t railroad train meals for her husband, etc.
Since the Bilen are mostly Catholics, divorce is real hard to implement. It is thus customary with this ethnic grouping that inwards the number that it is the homo who is bespeak for divorce, he has solely to leave of absence the house. The married adult woman remains inwards the theatre with all the couple’s properties nether her care. On the other hand, if it is the married adult woman who is bespeak for divorce, she has solely to leave of absence the theatre without much ado. But if divorce is wanted past times both parties, the properties are divided as betwixt them.
Inheritance
In Sharkin as well as its surroundings the next items are dependent area to inheritance: house, title, debt, the fiancée or the married adult woman of a dead person. But items such as woods, grazing lands as well as H2O holes belong to the community as well as are non inheritable.
Although most of the fourth dimension inheritance is conducted without recourse to volition as well as testament, at that topographic point are instances where volition as well as testaments is demanded. The argue why wills as well as testament is non needed is because the legal heirs are most of the fourth dimension known earlier hand. However, the most mutual as well as acceptable way of transferring holding is through written will.
When a married adult man dies, the offset somebody inwards the draw of inheritance is the wife. Next come upwards the children, as well as inwards the absence of issue, his brothers locomote the heirs. In the number that he has no brothers, the estate goes to his cousins. If the married adult man has no issue, as well as so the married adult woman is entitled to all his holding provided that she does non remarry. However, if she intends to remarry, she has to leave of absence all the holding to her children. If a somebody who losses his married adult woman wants to remarry, he has firs to mitt over the part of the deceased married adult woman as well as her jewelry to the children.
Although girls are often deprived of their rights of inheritance, single girls are entitled to an equal part along with their brothers. As inwards the remainder of the Eritrean ethnic groups, the sharing of inheritance is made afterwards the commemoration feast for the dead somebody is held. At times, the sharing of inheritance may larn prolonged inwards the number that the heirs are also immature to make goodness from it.
Food as well as Diet
The most mutual cereal with this ethnic grouping is millet. This cereal is Earth past times women on millstones as well as the flour into kitcha, ga’at (thick porridge eaten with ghee), taita as well as hanza. Some cereals are eaten boiled. Most of the utensils used inwards the training of this nutrient items are homemade.
The Bilen usage diary products as their staple food, specializing inwards curd. This is because most of the members of this ethnic grouping are farmers raising livestock. Shiro is also i of the commonly prepared dishes. Meat is eaten especially during holidays such as negdet (anniversary of patron saints), Easter, New Year, etc. as well as inwards some rare occasions when cattle are virtually to locomote for i argue or some other they are slaughtered for meat. This is mutual exercise with most of the nine Eritrean ethnic groups.
The members of the Bilen ethnic grouping eat a goodness amount of fruits as well as vegetables as well as usage nug as well as sesame oils for cooking their food. Besides, the Bilen are neat users of spices as well as condiments such as garlic, onion, mustard, pepper, etc. They also eat a large amount of wild fruits. The members of this ethnic grouping are also experts at preserving food, which are commonly used for long ravels. Some of these are roasted peanuts, tamarind, Earth flaxseed, roasted wheat or barely, etc.
There is a specially prepared nutrient known as beshelat which tin hold upwards kept for a whole year. Its training is as follows: the dregs of surwa are made to boil as well as is as well as so mixed with flour. The mixture is as well as so poured on a mat as well as left to dry out inwards the sun. Once dried, it is position inwards a container as well as sealed. It as well as so tin hold upwards eaten as porridge whatsoever fourth dimension i feels similar it. Roasted peanuts tin hold upwards kept for long as well as make non demand elaborate preparation.
Once grace is said, the children convey their respective seats as well as hold back for morsels of breadstuff (which have got been blessed past times elder) to hold upwards handed out to them. Forbidden are drinking H2O spell eating, eating from someone else’s side as well as taking a large morsel.
After every i is satiated, the eldest kid goes around with bowl as well as a tin-can total of H2O helping the remainder to launder their hands. The whole ceremony ends with a prayer.
The members of this ethnic grouping usage diverse kinds of drinks such as debob, massa as well as berzi. Among these, debob is the most commonly used which is used inwards marriage ceremony feats, holidays, commemoration for the dead, celebration of patron saints, etc. It is said to hold upwards that debob tin hold unspoiled upwards to iv months. In improver to the above-mentioned beverages, other modern ones such as areki, local vino as well as sweetness syrup are used.
The Bilen beingness mostly followers of Islam as well as Catholicism, the diet they follow during lent or religious festival vary accordingly.
Clothing as well as Adornments
Footwear has been used irrespective of historic menstruum or sexual activity from early on times with the members of this ethnic group. Before the coming of the Italians, a leather sandal known as medas was real common. This was crafted past times the local people themselves.
At present, members of this ethnic grouping article of apparel shoes of all types irrespective of historic menstruum as well as sex, but most are fabricated past times professionals. The usage of prophylactic soles is also becoming popular, as well as modern shoes are making their entry inwards minor towns.
In Sharkin as well as its environs, at that topographic point are diverse types of decoration made past times professionals for manful somebody as well as woman somebody customers. An single daughter puts an earring made of silverish (and of gilded if she is from rich family) called telal, as well as bracelets. If she is married, she puts iv inwards each ear, as well as she puts a gilded decoration (known as Sardat) on her forehead. Women who cannot afford silverish or gilded usage beads instead.
Men sometimes usage silverish leg bands as well as silverish earring, especially during the initiation ceremony. During mourning, a married adult woman is expected to larn rid of all her decoration as well as stays similar that for a menstruum of 2 years. If a married adult woman during mourning gives nascency to a child, she puts an mistaken decoration made of palm leaves.
Children belonging to the Bilen ethnic grouping shave their heads as well as leave of absence a minor tuff of their pilus on the crown of the caput until they start to walk. For manful somebody children, this tuff of pilus remains with them till the historic menstruum of 10. Afterwards they have got their heads shaved as well as during the initiation ceremony they article of apparel their pilus inwards Afro-style. When women grew old, they are expected to shave of their heads or have got their pilus plaited without ornament.
During mourning, some adult males are seen with their heads shaved off. As for widows, they are expected to shave their heads completely. Hairdressing is done past times relatives as well as friends with the Bilen, as well as no professionals are laid aside for such jobs.
Cosmetics
Bilen women position ointment inwards their eyes earlier applying kohl. For fashioning long as well as loose strands of pilus with wet-look, Bilen women apply butter mixed with pulverisation made of roasted durrah or manifestly globe to the strands. In addition, they apply henna to their hands as well as legs. Among this ethnic group, males make sometimes apply butter to their hair.
Tish or smoke bath
Smoke bathroom is real mutual with the woman somebody members of this ethnic group, especially with married women. They make it for hygienic as well as aesthetic reasons. Smoke bathroom is non ever without its inconveniences as well as requires patience as well as neat endurance to physical hurting (as the heated smoke that is produced from the non completely dried twigs as well as leaves does sometimes sack the sensitive pare of the orifices as well as crusade pain). Nevertheless, whether they similar it or not, married women are expected past times tradition to undergo the handling until the ‘old’ pare is peeled off as well as a novel yellowish as well as ‘beautiful’ i is grown instead.
Construction of houses
The people of Sharkin as well as its surrounding alive inwards fixed villages. These members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are expected to leave of absence infinite for streets when they build their houses. The width of the street should hold upwards large plenty to allow yoked oxen as well as iv pallbearers as well as the in conclusion determination for structure is given past times the hamlet elders. Old houses without owners are transferred to other people through a determination reached past times hamlet elders.
Only those who are ready to larn married as well as flora families are given Earth to build houses. Women as well as strangers make non have got rights to land.
Among this ethic group, the commonest type of identify theatre is the augudo. However, some rich people are seen to build merebas. And at times it is mutual to run across immature spouses as well as less often long married couples living inwards agnets as temporary shelters.
As for agdos built past times the members of this ethnic group, at that topographic point is a rigid similarity betwixt the ones built inwards the highlands as well as those built past times the Bilen. The solely divergence is inwards the household goods, slice of furniture as well as facilities used. For example, the within walls of the Bilen augudo is draped with a mat known as higag. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 drapery known as litamet as well as a long veil to enshroud the bed known as aleget are also used.
Among the members of this ethnic group, the houses are constructed through hamlet cooperation. The somebody whose theatre is beingness built past times the hamlet volunteer undertaking forcefulness is expected to render the workers with food, imbibe as well as tobacco. However, non all the houses are built inwards this manner, because afterwards all the rich have got the agency to build their houses through professional person masons.
At present, the tendency is to build merebas, as well as hither as well as there, cement, lime, chiseled stones are making their gradual introduction. The walls are nowadays built a fleck higher than the past. The old traditional houses had solely doors as well as no windows. But at nowadays non solely windows are inwards usage but doors are beingness made of woods crafted past times professional person carpenters.
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