Info For You Lot African Descendants Inwards Ecuador (Afro-Ecuadorians)
Afro-Ecuadorians are an ethnic grouping inwards Republic of Ecuador who are descendants of dark African slaves brought yesteryear the Castilian during their conquest of Republic of Ecuador from the Incas. They brand upward from 3% to 5% of Ecuador's population.
Republic of Ecuador has a population of almost 1,120,000 descendants from African people. The Afro-Ecuadorian civilisation is found primarily inwards the country's northwest coastal region. Africans shape a bulk (70%) inwards the province of Esmeraldas together with the Valle del Chota inwards the Imbabura Province. They tin last also found inwards Quito together with Guayaquil. Their best known cultural influence known exterior of Republic of Ecuador is a distinctive form of marimba music.
Beautiful Afro-Ecuadorian missy wearing traditional straw hat
According to the volume "No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans Today: "Regional blackness every bit a forcefulness of self-liberation inwards Republic of Ecuador begins inwards Esmeraldas, together with its origin occurs during a trigger-happy tropical tempest together with a motility of African rebellion. The documented history of Republic of Ecuador establishes the beginnings of Afro-Hispanic civilisation inwards what is straightaway Esmeraldas, Ecuador, where a Castilian slaving ship ran aground inwards 1553. There a grouping of twenty-three Africans from the coast of Guinea, led yesteryear a dark warrior named Antón, attacked the slavers together with liberated themselves. Not long after, this group, together alongside other blacks entering the region, led yesteryear a ladino (Hispanicized dark person) named Alonso de Illescas, came to dominate the part from northern Manabí northward to what is straightaway Barbacoas, Colombia. Illescas was a strategist inwards guerrilla warfare. He quelled many state of war machine expeditions against blacks together with Indians esmeraldeños, yesteryear defeating all the Castilian captains sent to conquer the blacks together with Indians. These rushing to the Esmeraldas, inwards an elbow grease to detect the emeralds, gold, wood, earth, together with also to foreclose blacks allied alongside the English linguistic communication pirates together with elbow grease harm to Castilian interests.
When Alonso met the priest Miguel Cabello de Balboa inwards the river oral cavity Atacames, built the maiden of all temporary chapel on the beach. He prayed together with invoked the mercy of God together with to Our Lady of Guadalupe. emphasize that the invitation Balboa Alonso to approach the sacraments, said, "while I'm busy inwards the redemption of those people, I'd rather wait." rejected together with the large prevarication of the conqueror "For God together with King." He realized that God is a God of freedom, God of Life, which is beyond human empires, churches, to acquire the regulation inwards Christ alone Kingdom of peace, jurist together with brotherhood.
He was also a truthful ruler together with never accepted bribe. He rejected the championship of governor, the president of the Royal Court, offered inwards writing together with sent him to him, through the priest Miguel Cabello de Balboa.
It is noteworthy that many captains lost all his belongings to scope the championship of Governor of Esmeraldas. And this dark human who has fled from slavery together with deserved penalisation yesteryear constabulary is given a violet pardon together with a cracking chance to last governor on behalf of the King.
He was a trainer of leaders, start alongside his boy Sebastian Alonso Illescas together with grandson of Jerome every bit good every bit lovers liberty together with justice, keeping the province gratis from Castilian rule.Alonso defended the autonomy together with freedoms of dark together with indigenous people.Even inwards the mid eighteenth century, Pedro Vicente Maldonado complained that blacks together with mulattoes were non paying tribute to anyone, together with suggested its exercise to defend the coast of Dutch pirates.
At this fourth dimension (late sixteenth century) intermixture alongside indigenous peoples, to whom dark people fled to constitute their palenques (villages of self-liberated people - around fortified, around not), was such that their features were described every bit zambo (black-indigenous admixture), synonyms of which were negro (black) together with mulato (mixed or hybrid black-white). ...
... By 1599 dark people were clearly inwards accuse of what was called "La República de Zambos" or "Zambo Republic". Zambo refers to people of color who are descendants of Native Americans together with African-Americans. In that twelvemonth a grouping of Zambo chieftains, said to correspond 100,000 or to a greater extent than Zambo people of Esmeraldas, trekked to Quito to declare loyalty to Spain. An oil image of these chiefs from the emerald solid reason of the Zambo Republic is portrayed yesteryear the "Indian artist" Adrián Sánchez Galgue [sic]; it is reportedly the earliest signed together with dated image from South America." (Source: No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans Today. Minority Rights Group, ed. Minority Rights Publications, 1995, pp. 291-292.)
Afro-Ecuadorians
Leslie B. Rout, Jr. inwards his scholarly work" The African Experience inwards Castilian America," writes " Almost from the fourth dimension that Spaniards began importing Africans to operate the Cauca River gilded diggings inwards Colombia, blacks managaged to escape; a few sought refuge amid the Manabí together with Mantux Indian tribes of the tropical coast of northwestern Ecuador. The zambo descendants of these blacks together with Indians became tribal leaders together with created a major Pacific-coast headquarters known every bit El Portete.
"This item settlement acted every bit a form of beacon, attracting other bondmen who chose to flee rather than pick out a living decease panning the streams of southern Republic of Colombia for gilded dust. It also attracted the attending of the Spaniards, non alone because it was a haven for fugitive slaves but also because it was an ideal base of operations for ships sailing betwixt Panama together with Peru. Occasional Castilian vessels inwards problem attempted to solid reason at El Portete but where driven away yesteryear the attacks of the zambo-led tribesmen. In 1556, therefore, Gil Ramírez Dávalos, governor of the audiencia of Quito, began sending troops to boom the troublesome Afro-Indians together with seize the town. He succeeded inwards capturing the settlement, but the rebels reverted to guerrilla tactics. The troops holding El Portete fell victim to malaria together with other tropical diseases at an alarming charge per unit of measurement together with eventually evacuated the area.
Beautiful Afro-Ecuadorian girls
"Subsequent efforts to subdue the Afro-Indians failed, together with Francisco Arias de Herrera broke the stalemate inwards 1598 yesteryear drawing upward a compact alongside the zambo leaders inwards which the latter agreed to pick out the nominal suzerainty of the manly soul monarch of Spain. For all practical purposes, however, they remained autonomous."
The National Congress of Ecuador, taking into cognizance the instrumental role of Allonzo de Illescas inwards his acquire by against the Castilian colonial dominion tabled inwards Quito "Special Law for the Institutionalization of National Black Day of Recognition of Alonso de Illescas as a National Hero" on Oct 2,1997.
Afro-Ecuadorian
Alonso de Illescas
Alonso de Illescas was born almost 1528, inwards Africa inwards the part of Senegal. At the historic menstruation of almost 10 years, he was captured yesteryear slave traders together with taken every bit a slave to Spain. He was baptized together with confirmed inwards Seville alongside the cite of Enrique. He afterward took the cite of his master, the merchant Alonso de Illescas.
He had the chance to larn the linguistic communication of the Spanish, their way of living, raising children, engaging inwards state of war together with fifty-fifty entertainment. He became practiced inwards the exercise of weapons together with musical instruments typical of the cracking families of the time.
Around 25 years or so, he was brought to America yesteryear the seat unit of measurement of Illescas, who managed a sort of articulation enterprise betwixt Seville together with Lima. In Oct 1553, sailing from Panama to Lima, the merchant ship that carried Alonso de Illescas, had cracking difficulty yesteryear currents together with adverse conditions together with ran out of supplies.
After passing through the stone oil whether and getting to the Cape of San Francisco, at the tiptop of Portete Cove, inwards the province of Esmeraldas, the ship that had on board 17 dark slaves together with half dozen 6 dark gratis men, was pushed to the reef where it ran aground due to the rigid air current together with turbulent waves. This helped blacks including Allonso to flee into the jungle. The Castilian tried to recapture them, but had no success. From at that spot Alonso together with other escaped slaves went to Portoviejo to savour their gratis lives.
On the decease of Anton, after overcoming around internal rivalries, Alonso de Illescas, was recognized every bit the novel leader.
Account yesteryear Miguel Cabello de Balboa has it that Alonso who i time invited to a cracking feast alongside the primary Chilianduli alongside Indians inwards the hamlet of Dobe, surprisingly at the apex of the political party killed 500 Indians, together with became the novel lord of the people.
Young Afro-Ecuadorian girls
They made forays into a vast surface area reaching Portoviejo instilling fearfulness to the Spanish, who vainly tried to subdue the multiple attacks.
Allonso was a skilled negotiator together with knew how to win the friendship of the Indians, making appropriate partnerships, especially alongside the tribe of the chiggers. For the Indians at that spot was no selection but to concur together with pick out the newcomers.They thus supported Alonso together with his gratis blacks inwards the acquire by against enemy tribes, especially the dreaded Campaces. As a sign of alliance the Indians awarded their women every bit a trophy to the dark warriors of Allonso to marry, giving ascent to a novel breed inwards of people inwards South America "the Sambo of Esmeraldas." Later inwards 1599 the painter Andrés Sánchez Gallque, yesteryear monastic enjoin of Judge Juan del Barrio, painted the "Chiefs of Esmeraldas Blacks" together with sent the large portrait of the King of Spain, Philip II.
(The men’s noses, ears, together with lips are studded alongside foreign crescents together with balls together with tubes of gold. Beneath starched white ruffs flow finely bordered ponchos together with capes of brocaded silk, their mantle lovingly rendered yesteryear the painter: hither a foil-like blue, at that spot bronze, straightaway vivid orangish against velvety black. Only don Francisco’s poncho appears to last woolen, peradventure fashioned from imported Castilian broadcloth. The iii are farther adorned alongside matching trounce necklaces, together with don Francisco holds a supple, dark felt chapeau alongside a copper trim.
Don Domingo holds a to a greater extent than pedestrian sombrero . . . together with all iii seem to last wearing fitted doublets of contemporary, late-Renaissance European style. These are all but hidden, nestled beneath flowing Chinese over-garments, which are, inwards turn, cutting inwards a distinctly Andean fashion)
Alonso was cunning, brave inwards war, alongside his quite literary abilities inwards Castilian linguistic communication also chop-chop learned the local languages. With the Castilian colonizers he maintained a human relationship that could define every bit "hate together with love," inwards monastic enjoin to save their autonomy spell leveraging their friendship.
He established his people inwards the headwaters of Atacames, called San Martin de la Campaces, the oral cavity of which was the historic coming together alongside the priest Miguel Cabello de Balboa, inwards the calendar month of September 1577.
Alonso de Illescas was told yesteryear the catholic priest that he had the king's (king of Spain) pardon together with has been appointed every bit Governor of Esmeraldas. Alonso took appointment appointment missive of the alphabet from Balboa together with told him he appreciated the King`s offering but added that earlier he accepts, "I had to utter to my people."
In fact he left alongside his entourage. Later he came alongside all his people, promising zip because the Castilian ship appeared inwards the bay, from Portmore, causing distrust. They thought it would last around other betrayal of their people to the Spanish. Alonso together with his dark followers did non present upward anymore. The Castilian left.
When Miguel Cabello de Balboa returned to Atacames River again, he found rafts shattered together with plants uprooted, a clear sign that the human relationship was broken together with he could last danger.
The priest Miguel Cabello de Balboa, along alongside his colleagues, decided to pick out the route along the coast to Bahia de Caráquez, every bit he constantly watched from afar yesteryear the Indian pals of Alonso. There were follow upward Portoviejo help, together with so in conclusion reached Guayaquil together with Quito on Feb 10, 1578.
The blacks were indeed gratis inwards their novel solid reason together with resisted whatsoever elbow grease to subjugate them to the Spanish.
Miguel Cabello de Balboa openly acknowledges that Alonso de Illescas was a human of superior qualities. He wrote to King telling him that it was non so slow to subdue a human who was good prepared together with knows how to defend inwards all fields.
Alonso, married a missy of Chief Chilianduli together with had other women. The children were educated along Castilian families, were taught the exercise of weapon together with also inwards the manufacturing of weapons. Three of his famous children were Enrique Alonso, Alonso Sebastian, Balthazar. One of his daughters was captured yesteryear Captain Andrew Contero, made a slave, sent to Guayaquil together with married to a slave of the same Captain. Another missy named Mary got married to Gonzalo de Avila, they had a daughter, Magdalena.
Afro-Ecuadorian women
.........And The Wonderful Story of Maria Chiquinquira,An Afro-Ecuadorian Woman
Maria Chiquinquira Díaz, was an Afro-Ecuadorian adult woman enslaved inwards Guayaquil, Republic of Ecuador inwards the 1700’s together with was the maiden of all slave inwards Republic of Ecuador to win her freedom. She was enslaved yesteryear Presbyter Afonso Cepeda de Arizcum Elizondo. Maria Chiquinquira “entered a legal battle” for her together with her daughter’s liberty inwards May 1794 together with changed the course of teaching of her history together with for thousands of dark women inwards Ecuador.
Afro-Ecuadorian Culture
Despite the advent of colonialism together with having to suffer constant discrimination yesteryear the dominant mestizo together with criollo populations, Afro Ecuadorians take away hold managed to maintain a distinct identity, deeply embedded alongside their African civilisation together with traditions for nearly iv together with a one-half centuries. Unlike the Garifuna who strongly associates alongside together with maintains a rather equal identification alongside both their African together with Carib/indigenous ancestry, Afro Ecuadorians are descendants of Black slaves who overpowered together with intermarried alongside the local indigenous population. However, due to deeply-rooted racism, they take away hold been unable to integrate alongside the larger Ecuadorian lodge together with every bit a result, take away hold chosen to do together with maintain a rigid association alongside their Black/African ancestry.
Today, Afro Ecuadorians predominantly occupying the coastal Esmeraldas together with Valle del Chota regions together with they take away hold used music, inwards the shape of the marimba dance, to do a distinct identity inside the larger Ecuadorian lodge together with to save their African roots together with culture. The marimba is a musical instrument, which consists of wooden bars together with metallic mallets. It closely resembles the xylophone together with was derived from the West African balafon. Music amid Afro Ecuadorians corresponds alongside the currulao, or marimba dance. This likewise has rigid roots inwards the Bantu together with Mande heritages inwards West Africa.
For many Afro Ecuadorians, marimba dances served every bit the ultimate facial expression of freedom. To around extent they operated every bit an autonomous province since they were able to fend off the Castilian colonizers. However, due to the encroachment of the dominant mestizo on the Esmeraldas due to the regions bountiful mineral wealth, restriction were placed on Afro Ecuadorians together with for a large percentage of the 20th century, marimba dances were regulated together with were prohibited unless i possessed a permit. While this greatly affected the prevalence of marimba music together with yesteryear default Afro Ecuadorian’s African roots together with culture, inwards the early on to mid 20th century, Afro-Ecuadorians would i time once again display their resilient spirit yesteryear resurrecting their dear musical dances together with traditions.
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The Marimba Dance also called the baile de respeto (dance of respect). In Colombia,
and previously inwards Ecuador, this was called the currulao together with was together with is performed inwards the Pacific Lowlands from Buenaventura due south to Muisne. But today inwards Republic of Ecuador many performers deny that they would exercise the term currulao. Since the mid-1970s the marimba trip the low-cal fantastic has go a provincial cultural focal betoken of modern Esmeraldas, alongside bands traveling nationally together with internationally to festivals together with competitions. The bands are unremarkably composed of 2 manly soul marimba players (marimberos), i of whom is a
composer together with vocalizer (glosador), 2 base-drum (bombo) players, who follow the Pb of the glosador, together with 2 conga drum (cununo) players
In counterpart to these musicians together with percussionists are 2 (sometimes three) women, called respondedoras. They sing inwards answer to the glosador together with render around other beat alongside their guasás, which are bamboo metro shakers alongside hardwood (palm) nails driven into their bodies, together with filled alongside dark beans together with maize to give a rain-like sound, sheeee, sheeee. Women command the 2 cununeros, who play conga drums. The 2 marimberos together with 2 bomberos on i side, together with the 2 women together with 2 conga players
(cununeros), on the other side, constitute an antagonistic together with dynamic musical together with percussive dialectic that generates the most African music inwards the Americas. No saints, deities, demons or tricksters go inwards the sphere, nor are at that spot possession or trance states, which is why I telephone telephone it a secular ritual.
La Tunda—the trunk snatching seductress together with fearfulness brute of swamp together with forest—approaches the theater called casa de la marimba during the observe dance, but is driven away yesteryear the audio of the bombos.
Afro-Ecuadorian farmer
In 1992, blackness clearly emerged every bit a national character spanning coastal, Andean, together with Amazonian regions. Its ethnic nationalist expression was called négritude, coined initially yesteryear the Martinique author Aimée Césaire. As the motility surged nether such cultural rubrics every bit “the advancement of the dark community,” together with identification of the movement among white together with dark intellectuals was expressed yesteryear the representations
afro-ecuatorianos(as) (Afro-Ecuadorians) together with afro-latinoamericanos(as) (Afro-Latin Americans), varied associations betwixt those so identifying and the indigenous motility came into being. By the twenty-first century the most mutual representations are lo negro, together with afro-latinoamericanos, and less so négritud (Spanish of négritude, but alongside other meanings).
Afro-Ecuadorian bringing domicile "verde" - greenish plantain As the concept of Afro-Indigenous peoples also became salient in national discourse, the concept of zambaje entered the Ecuadorian literary lexicon (Rueda Novoa 2001, 2002; Whitten inwards press a together with b). Zambo(a)(sometimes zambaigo), long a term of identity together with reference inwards Esmeraldas, and elsewhere inwards the Americas, signifies liberty together with dignity. It refers to the genetic blending of African peoples alongside indigenous peoples. The epitome of such blending is historically embodied inwards the image of the three cosmopolitan ambassadors together with lords from Esmeraldas, described at the opening of this article. Significantly, perhaps, inwards the restoration of the Museo de Américas’ painting, the features of zambaje described by Kris Lane (2002), were transformed to rattling black, denying thereby the representation together with significance of mixed heritage of the Afro-indigenous cimarrones.
Boy hunter alongside sloth,Wimbi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador El Chocó rainforest.© 2007 Vicki Brown To last dark inwards Republic of Ecuador is to last stigmatized yesteryear racialist together with racist attributes, regardless of political power, class, or social esteem (Rahier 1999a, 1999b, 2003; Robinson 2002). A prominent dark congressman
from Esmeraldas, Jaime Hurtado González, founded the political party Democratic Popular Movement (MPD), together with twice ran for president of the republic. In 1984, he obtained 7 pct of the vote together with inwards 1988 he gained 5 pct (de la Torre 2002:23–24). In 1998 he together with his 2 body guards were brutally assassinated inwards forepart of the legislative palace inwards Quito. Subsequent together with to-date unfounded accusations of his alleged linkages with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombian (FARC) were made and the Ecuadorian state of war machine occupied the dark areas of the interior of Esmeraldas Province, especially the Ónzole River region.
Jaime Hurtado González,
This is a region where Afro-Ecuadorians had late been granted legal rights to land they had worked since the mid-sixteenth century (Lane 2002). During this occupation an association was made betwixt an unconfirmed accusation of a prominent congressman’s involvement alongside radical Colombian politics, and an Ecuadorian part known for its “blackness” together with its “remoteness.” In the human face upward of this state of war machine action, publicly espoused Blackness, every bit ideological négritud, retreated into local together with regional give-and-take groups (see Whitten 2003a, 2003b).
(Jaime Hurtado Gonzalez, 62, deputy of the Popular Democratic Movement of Ecuador, was shot dead yesteryear a gang of thugs, against the Supreme Court, on Wed afternoon Feb 17. It was a political murder, that blood froze Ecuadorian lodge inwards general.)
Many Ecuadorians limited displeasure alongside the existence of black movements of self-assertion together with ofttimes deny that Afro-Ecuadorians themselves e'er asserted cultural constructs of blackness prior to the indigenous movement, which erupted inwards 1990 alongside the maiden of all Levantamiento Indígena (Whitten 1996). Black pride, however, has long existed, side by side alongside self-deprecation (Rahier 2003). Offered below is a poem,
written yesteryear the tardily esmeraldeño Nelson Estupiñán Bass inwards 1954—some fifty years ago—to displace the reader to a score of cultural appreciation of, and pride in, blackness together with enduring liberty inwards the human face upward of oppression:
Negro, negro renegrido, Black, black, blackened
negro, hermano del carbón, black, blood brother of charcoal,
negro de negros nacido, black of blacks born,
negro ayer, mañana al hoy. black yesterday, today together with tomorrow.
Algunos creen insultarme Some believe they insult me
gritándole mi color mocking my color
más yo mismo lo pregono but I myself proclaim it
con orgullo frente al sol: with pride inwards the human face upward of the sun:
Negro he sido, negro soy, Black I take away hold been, dark I am,
negro vengo, negro voy, dark I come, dark I go,
negro bien negro nací dark existent dark I was born
negro negro he de vivir, black dark I must live,
y como negro morir.” together with every bit dark must die.
(Estupiñán Bass 1954:50, 53; translation yesteryear Norman E. Whitten, Jr., and
Arlene Torres).
Laundry solar daytime inwards Wimbi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador There tin last no incertitude almost the affirmation of the identity of blackness in this poem—negro soy, negro voy—it is maiden of all person, publicly personal, declarative, poetic, together with moving.
Lawyer Jaime Hurtado Gonzalez monument inwards Quito New Town.
Afro-Ecuadorians Today
Afro-Ecuadorians are almost 1.2 meg or 5 per cent of the amount population. However, Afro-Ecuadorian organizations debate that this number is inaccurate due to problems alongside self-classification. They gauge Ecuador's dark population at 10 per cent, or nearly double the official statistics. Living by together with large inwards the northern coastal province of Esmeraldas together with inwards the south-central coastal region, almost two-thirds of Afro-Ecuadorians straightaway alive inwards urban zones. Although Afro-Ecuadorians take away hold distinct cultural traditions, at that spot is petty recognition of their contribution to Ecuadorian society.
In 1998, leveraging international back upward together with their connections alongside pan-Afro-Latin American networks, Afro-Ecuadorian organizations were successful inwards pressuring the Ecuadorian authorities to recognize them every bit a distinct ethnic grouping inwards the novel constitution. Article 85 gives Afro-Ecuadorians similar rights to cultural patrimony together with collective territory. Similarly, inwards 1998 President Alarcón created the authorities means Corporation of Afro-Ecuadorian Development (CODAE) to address issues facing this population.
Starting inwards the tardily 1990s, at that spot take away hold been around important changes inwards the province of affairs of Afro-Ecuadorians. The 2001 census was the maiden of all inwards Ecuadorian history to include a inquiry designed to business concern human relationship for the Afro-Ecuadorian population. Similarly, 2 Oct has been declared Afro-Ecuadorian Day. Nevertheless, many of the policy reforms take away hold been largely symbolic. Although the constitution guarantees collective rights for indigenous people, the articles related to Afro-Ecuadorians are ambiguous. Consequently, Afro-Ecuadorian NGOs worked closely alongside Afro-Ecuadorian Congressman Rafael Erazo to draft a constabulary farther elaborating the collective rights for Afro-Ecuadorians. Approved yesteryear congress inwards May of 2006, this legislation silent awaits terminal approving from President Palacios.
While Afro-Ecuadorians fair considerably amend than indigenous people on nearly every socio-economic indicator, they silent lag behind their white/mestizo counterparts. In 2001, seventy per cent of Afro-Ecuadorians did non take away hold their basic needs satisfied (NBI) compared to the national average of 61 per cent. Moreover, at that spot is evidence that this grouping silent faces regional inequalities together with racial discrimination, especially inwards urban areas. In 2006 the existence of blacks inwards Republic of Ecuador was brought to centre phase when it was revealed that two-thirds of the Ecuadorian World Cup squad was of African descent. This was the maiden of all fourth dimension inwards history that Republic of Ecuador qualified for the World Cup.
Afro-Ecuadorian activists take away hold been effective inwards advocating for rights for Afro-Ecuadorians every bit good every bit raising consciousness amid this group. Key umbrella organizations such every bit the National Afro-Ecuadorian Confederation together with the National Coordinator of Black Women take away hold had a presence inwards domestic politics every bit good every bit international policy circles. Afro-Ecuadorian women's organizations take away hold been especially effective, raising other of import issues to address the specific concerns of dark women. This has included the elaboration of innovative programs related to health, violence, operate conditions together with self esteem amid Afro-Ecuadorian women.
Afro-Ecuadorian missy alongside a chocolate fruit
Afro-Ecuadorian boys playing alongside water.
Afro-Ecuadorian girls on laundry day Wimbi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador © 2007 Vicki Brown
Afro-Ecuadorian adult woman carrying firewood inwards Tumbatu,Ecuador.
Afro-Ecuadorian kids having fun,Tumbatu, Ecuador.
Lady Fernanda Mina
Afro-Ecuadorian kids swimming
Afro-ecuadorian dance
afro-ecuadorians
Ecuador
Lady Mina,Afro-Ecuadorian beauty
The instant Afro-Ecuadorian to win Miss Republic of Ecuador inwards 1998, Soraya Hogonaga.
The maiden of all Afro-Ecuadorian to win Miss Republic of Ecuador inwards 1996,Monica Chala. see;http://www.geocities.ws/fotitos2000/GaleriaMonica.html
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