Arrakis: The Bone Is The Command Plane
This newspaper (authored yesteryear Simon Peter, Jialin Li, Irene Zhang, Dan R. K. Ports, Doug Woos, Arvind Krishnamurthy, as well as Thomas Anderson, University of Washington; Timothy Roscoe, ETH Zürich) was awarded a best newspaper accolade inward OSDI 2014.
The newspaper "described as well as evaluated Arrakis, a novel operating organization designed to take the pith from the I/O information path without compromising procedure isolation. Unlike a traditional operating system, which mediates all I/O operations to enforce procedure isolation as well as resources limits, Arrakis uses device hardware to deliver I/O straight to a customized user-level library. The Arrakis pith operates inward the command plane, configuring the hardware to bound application misbehavior."
The Arrakis newspaper avoids mentioning containers, but what they suggest has a lot of applicability to the containers technology. Containers aim to supply isolation/portability of VM without incurring the overhead of VMs. So containers run an application onrush the OS as well as raw metallic amongst ameliorate performance instead of running it on a VM layer. Arrakis is providing OS score applied scientific discipline to improve efficiency for the same goal.
The Arrakis approach is too closely related to the ExoKernel as well as MicroKernel approach. Containers, ExoKernel, Tanenbaum volition accept the final laugh.
Arrakis exploits hardware back upward provided for Virtual-Machine-level virtualization, as well as pushes farther as well as implements virtualization at the application (or potentially at the container) level. Arrakis is built on Barrelfish, which already supports standalone user-mode device drivers, akin to flora inward microkernels. The newspaper argues that amongst merely about modifications the persuasion tin endure brought to Linux every bit well.
This is what Arrakis requires from the hardware:
"Arrakis assumes the network devices supply back upward for virtualization yesteryear presenting themselves every bit multiple virtual network interface cards (VNICs) as well as that they tin too multiplex/demultiplex packets based on complex filter expressions, straight to queues that tin endure managed alone inward user infinite without the bespeak for pith intervention. Similarly, each storage controller exposes multiple virtual storage interface controllers (VSICs) inward our model. Each VSIC provides independent storage command queues (e.g., of SCSI or ATA format) that are multiplexed yesteryear the hardware. Associated amongst each such virtual interface carte du jour (VIC) are queues as well as charge per unit of measurement limiters."
"Network cards that back upward SR-IOV accept the fundamental elements of this model: they permit the creation of multiple VNICs that each may accept multiple post as well as have queues, as well as back upward at to the lowest degree rudimentary transmit as well as have filters."
"Storage controllers accept merely about parts of the applied scientific discipline needed to supply the interface nosotros describe. For example, RAID adapters accept a translation layer that is able to supply virtual disks to a higher house physical extents, as well as SSDs role a flash translation layer for wear-leveling. SCSI host-bus adapters back upward SR-IOV applied scientific discipline for virtualization as well as tin reveal multiple VSICs, as well as the NVMe measure proposes multiple command queues for scalability."
The newspaper "described as well as evaluated Arrakis, a novel operating organization designed to take the pith from the I/O information path without compromising procedure isolation. Unlike a traditional operating system, which mediates all I/O operations to enforce procedure isolation as well as resources limits, Arrakis uses device hardware to deliver I/O straight to a customized user-level library. The Arrakis pith operates inward the command plane, configuring the hardware to bound application misbehavior."
The Arrakis newspaper avoids mentioning containers, but what they suggest has a lot of applicability to the containers technology. Containers aim to supply isolation/portability of VM without incurring the overhead of VMs. So containers run an application onrush the OS as well as raw metallic amongst ameliorate performance instead of running it on a VM layer. Arrakis is providing OS score applied scientific discipline to improve efficiency for the same goal.
The Arrakis approach is too closely related to the ExoKernel as well as MicroKernel approach. Containers, ExoKernel, Tanenbaum volition accept the final laugh.
Hardware support
Arrakis exploits hardware back upward provided for Virtual-Machine-level virtualization, as well as pushes farther as well as implements virtualization at the application (or potentially at the container) level. Arrakis is built on Barrelfish, which already supports standalone user-mode device drivers, akin to flora inward microkernels. The newspaper argues that amongst merely about modifications the persuasion tin endure brought to Linux every bit well.
This is what Arrakis requires from the hardware:
"Arrakis assumes the network devices supply back upward for virtualization yesteryear presenting themselves every bit multiple virtual network interface cards (VNICs) as well as that they tin too multiplex/demultiplex packets based on complex filter expressions, straight to queues that tin endure managed alone inward user infinite without the bespeak for pith intervention. Similarly, each storage controller exposes multiple virtual storage interface controllers (VSICs) inward our model. Each VSIC provides independent storage command queues (e.g., of SCSI or ATA format) that are multiplexed yesteryear the hardware. Associated amongst each such virtual interface carte du jour (VIC) are queues as well as charge per unit of measurement limiters."
"Network cards that back upward SR-IOV accept the fundamental elements of this model: they permit the creation of multiple VNICs that each may accept multiple post as well as have queues, as well as back upward at to the lowest degree rudimentary transmit as well as have filters."
"Storage controllers accept merely about parts of the applied scientific discipline needed to supply the interface nosotros describe. For example, RAID adapters accept a translation layer that is able to supply virtual disks to a higher house physical extents, as well as SSDs role a flash translation layer for wear-leveling. SCSI host-bus adapters back upward SR-IOV applied scientific discipline for virtualization as well as tin reveal multiple VSICs, as well as the NVMe measure proposes multiple command queues for scalability."
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