Info For You Lot Baganda People: Uganda`S Ancient People That Built The Organized Kingdom Of Buganda Together With Even Then Retains Their Ancient Civilization Together With Traditions
The Baganda are a Bantu-speaking Buganda people in addition to the largest single ethnic grouping inward Uganda. They occupy the primal constituent of Republic of Uganda which was formerly called the Buganda province. Buganda which means 'Bundles' is a subnational kingdom within Uganda. The kingdom of the Ganda people, Buganda is the largest of the traditional kingdoms inward present-day Uganda, comprising all of Uganda's Central Region, including the Ugandan uppercase Kampala.
The 5.5 meg Baganda (singular Muganda; ofttimes referred to simply yesteryear the root give-and-take in addition to adjective, Ganda) brand upward the largest Ugandan ethnic group, representing unopen to 20% of Uganda's total 28 meg population. The people of Buganda are referred to every bit Baganda (the singular cast is Muganda), their linguistic communication is referred to every bit Luganda in addition to they refer to their customs every bit Kiganda customs. Sometimes the generic term Ganda is used for all the inward a higher topographic point (especially yesteryear unusual scholars). Buganda is domicile to the nation's political in addition to commercial capital, Kampala; every bit good every bit the country's main international airport, Entebbe.
'Uganda' (a Kiswahili give-and-take for 'Land of the Ganda') was the call used yesteryear the Arab in addition to Swahili traders on the East African coast to refer to the Kingdom of Buganda.
These traders outset arrived inward Buganda inward the mid-nineteenth century inward search of slaves, ivory, every bit good every bit other merchandise. When the European colonialists eventually extended their hegemony over Buganda in addition to the surrounding territories at the destination of the nineteenth century, they used the Kiswahili term Republic of Uganda to refer to the novel colony. On his see to the country, the belatedly Winston Churchill was so captivated yesteryear its beauty that he called it the "Pearl of Africa." The Baganda tin thence live found inward the nowadays districts of Kampala, Mpigi, Mukono, Masaka, Kalangala, Kiboga, Rakai, Sembabule in addition to Mubende.
Rubaga-hill inward Kampala dorsum inward 1840`s was the uppercase of the Kingdom of Buganda. The call Kampala derives from an human face used yesteryear the Baganda known every bit "Kasozi Kampala" important "The Hill of the Impala" refering to the the Impala(slender antelope, similar to the gazelle) which was ever seen on the Mengo hill(one of Kampala city's 7 hills) which has acted every bit the palace headquaters for the Buganda Kingdom since the early on 1840s.
Buganda, similar her neighbours, had a proud history extending dorsum centuries before the arrival of the Arabs in addition to Europeans. The ruling dynasty of kings was established inward the mid-14th century AD. Unfortunately, the lack of a written history prior to the arrival of the Arabs in addition to Europeans makes it hard to flora of import dates with precision. The outset acknowledged Rex inward this dynasty was called Kato Kintu. Since Kintu's reign, in that location have got been 36 kings including to the electrical current King, Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II.
The Kingdom’s history of over 700 years, has had the Kabaka, every bit the supreme ruler in addition to the Lukiiko every bit its Parliament. Buganda Kingdom is the oldest Kingdom inward the country. Other kingdoms include Bunyoro, Busoga, in addition to Tooro.
Kabaka/king (Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II) & Queen (Sylvia Nagginda) Of Buganda - Uganda
Custom in addition to traditions are primal inward the lives of the Baganda. The Kabaka was a unifying factor of all the people of Buganda until 1966 when monarchy was abolished inward Uganda. The Kabaka (Mutesa II) went into exile where he after died inward 1969.
The photograph inward a higher topographic point was taken at Lubaga Cathedral the hateful solar daytime Kabaka Muteesa II returned from exile (17 October 1955).
The years of political turmoil in addition to civil strife inward Uganda, in addition to especially inward the Buganda (1966 – 1986), led to the collapse of the infrastructure, social services in addition to the decay of morals in addition to values. Buganda, similar many other areas that had traditional in addition to cultural institutions, lost her Kingdom status every bit good every bit her cherished cultural development, guidance in addition to leadership. Traditional values including hard piece of work were seriously affected. This coupled with the encephalon drain that ensued, crippled the economic scheme causing hunger, poverty, disease, ignorance, crime, in addition to despair amid the bulk of the society.
Princess Sheillah of Buganda: From Buganda Kingdom, the largest in addition to most powerful kingdom inward Uganda; pop star in addition to 1 of the most famous women inward her country.
Buganda today
The Baganda had no King for over 27 years until 1993 when the electrical current King of Buganda, Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II (son of Mutesa II) was restored every bit a cultural leader without political powers. The lineage of succession has non been broken for over 700 years.
The Kabaka, is held inward high esteem in addition to commands dandy observe in addition to potency amid the Baganda (and amid all Ugandans). The King uses his potency to mobilize people for evolution to ensure that the people of Buganda are united in addition to are engaged inward hard in addition to productive piece of work to uplift their social in addition to economical good being. The years after the restoration of Kabakaship have got had important impact on the unity in addition to social economical evolution of Buganda. The long forgotten “Bulungi Bwansi” (self-help spirit) is slow returning to the people because of the Kabaka’s encouragement.
Location
Buganda's boundaries are marked yesteryear Lake Victoria to the south, the River Nile to the east, L
ake Kyoga to the due north in addition to River Kafu to the northwest. To the west, Buganda is bordered yesteryear the districts of Isingiro, Kiruhura, Kyenjojo, Kibale, Hoima in addition to Masindi.
The next are the officially recognized counties (amassaza) of Buganda:
Ggomba,Butambala,Kyaddondo,Busiro,Buddu,Bulemeezi,Ssingo,Kyaggwe,Bugerere,Buweekula,Mawogola,Kabula,Mawokota,Kooki,Ssese,Buvuma,Busujju in addition to Buluuli
Origins of Baganda people Buganda
There are abundant traditions close the origins of the Baganda. However, most of these traditions contrast really sharply.
A community inward pre-colonial Buganda dancing. Buganda was an arena of civil wars fuelled yesteryear political ambitions yesteryear religious sects in addition to foreigners
The part known today every bit Buganda was known every bit Muwaawa before the twelfth century, a call literary seem to hateful a topographic point that is sparsely populated. It is believed that these people come upward from Abyssinia through the rift valley in addition to the mountains of Elgon.
These people were organized into groups that had a mutual ancestry in addition to constituted the most of import unit of measurement inward Buganda's civilisation - the clan. The leader of each of these clans would live a master copy in addition to ruled a department of the territory. There were 5 original clans referred to every bit Banansangwa simply important the indigenous clans in addition to they are: Ffumbe, Lugave, N?onge, Njaza in addition to Nyonyi. These went on expanding to 52 clans yesteryear 1966.
King Mutesa, the Kabaka of Buganda, who ruled from 1856 to 1884. Mutesa maintained Buganda's powerfulness during iii turbulent decades
Although these people spoke the same linguistic communication in addition to had the same culture, the clans were non so autonomous. There was no organized scheme of governance inward the part but the clans were ruled over yesteryear The Bataka. There was no accepted full general leader inward the part but leadership passed on to whoever proved his powerfulness inward the battle field. There used to live to a greater extent than than 1 leader inward the same area. There some powerful leaders who are said to have got established themselves for some periods of fourth dimension before Kintu's arrival in addition to they include the following: Sseguku, Buwumpya, Bukokoma, Bukulu, Bandi, Beene, Ggulu, Kyebagaba, Muyizzi, Bukuku, Bukadde-Magezi, Nakirembeka, Tonda, Maganda, Mukama, in addition to Bemba. According to the most widely accepted version of history, Bemba was the acknowledged leader at the fourth dimension of Kintu's arrival.
Muwaawa go Buganda during the reign of Ssekabaka Kintu the outset when he took over from Bemba. By this time, the caput of the Ffumbe clan was called Buganda Ntege Walusimbi who had leadership over other clans. Walusimbi had several children including Makubuya, Kisitu, Wasswa Winyi, in addition to Kato Kintu. When Walusimbi died, his boy Makubuya replaced him every bit ruler. On his death, Makubuya inward plow was replaced yesteryear his blood brother Kisitu every bit ruler. During Kisitu's reign, a renegade prince called Bbemba came from the expanse of Kiziba inward northern Tanzania today in addition to established his military camp at Naggalabi, Buddo from in that location he planned to deal Kisitu in addition to replace him every bit ruler of Muwaawa. Bemba became so barbarous in addition to ruthless. When Bbemba attacked Kisitu, Kisitu became so intimidated in addition to inward his fear, he vowed to give his chair Ssemagulu to whoever would succeed inward killing off Bemba whereby Ssemagulu was the symbol of authority. On hearing his brother's vow, Kintu gathered some followers from amid his brothers in addition to some of the diverse clans in addition to attacked Bemba. Bemba was defeated inward the ensuing battle in addition to he was beheaded yesteryear 1 Nfudu of the Lugave clan. Nfudu apace took Bbemba's caput to Kintu, who inward plow took it to Kisitu. On seeing Bbemba's head, Kisitu abdicated his throne inward favor of Kintu with the words that "Kingship is earned inward battle". Despite his abdication, Kisitu wanted to retain leadership of the Ffumbe clan, so he told Kintu to start his ain clan. He also told Kintu that the kingdom should live renamed Buganda inward retention of their mutual ancestor Buganda Ntege Walusimbi. Thus the royal clan came into existence yesteryear separated from the Ffumbe clan. Kintu established a novel scheme of governance inward alliance with the other clan leaders. Although in that location is no written literature, the information has passed on from generation to generation inward oral cast in addition to the inward a higher topographic point version has been widely accepted every bit the most feasible version.
Kabaka Muteesa talks to his chiefs inward the 1950s. Courtesy photos, Republic of Uganda a Picture History, Fountain Publishers
However, in that location are other versions that beak close the beginning of Buganda in addition to alongside them is 1 where people believed that Bbemba in addition to Kintu were related in addition to that Kintu who was younger than Bbemba took over every bit leader. This did non go downward good with Bbemba who was eldest which forced him to deal his cousin Kintu from the throne. Bbemba won the battle in addition to Kintu ran away to the Ssese Islands from where he organized to come upward dorsum in addition to deal for his throne which was yesteryear in addition to so called Naggalabi.
Kampala,capital of Uganda
When Bbemba took over power, he became so ruthless that people hated him so much. They fifty-fifty compared him to the unsafe cobra (Bbemba Musota) in addition to wherever he would go to visit, he caused suffering to the people in addition to fifty-fifty killed many of them. People became furious of him in addition to when Kintu came dorsum to deal him, all the people rallied behind him to deal Bbemba in addition to this helped Kintu to win the battle.
This version goes a caput to say that Kintu teamed upward with all the different clans in addition to his regular army was led yesteryear Mukiibi who was leader of the Lugave clan inward the area. They won the battle in addition to Bbemba was chased away. Kintu Kato took over the throne in addition to its from hither that some people error Kintu Kato every bit the outset Muganda but this is non true. Kintu Kato could non have got been the outset Muganda when he fought Bbemba to take away over power. He was a grandson to the outset Kintu who came direct from sky in addition to he was married to Nambi Nantululu. When Kintu was coming dorsum from Ssese Island, he took around close route via mount Elgon. This he did because he wanted to take away screen from his enemies so that he could assault Bbemba's men with ease. This is the argue why some people error Kintu to have got come upward from the E of the province known today every bit Uganda. Kintu came to Buganda every bit a conquering hero with a large forcefulness that enabled him to flora himself every bit king. It's also believed that Bemba was a harsh in addition to ruthless ruler. His subjects were already primed to rebel against him in addition to indeed some prominent clan leaders joined Kintu's invading force. Key amid these was Mukiibi, caput of the Lugave clan, who was assigned command of the invading force. When Bemba was defeated inward the battle, Kintu slept inward Bemba's business solid every bit a sign of his victory. Bbemba had named his business solid Buganda in addition to was located at Naggalabi Buddo. Thus Kintu took over leadership of Bemba's business solid Buganda in addition to the call eventually came to hateful all the territory that Kintu ruled. To this day, when a novel Rex of Buganda is crowned, the ceremony takes topographic point at Naggalabi, to recall Kintu's victory over Bemba.
Kintu found the part disorganized with only 5 clans. He reoganised them in addition to merged those people he came with in addition to the people he found inward the region. Together they formed 13 clans, organized themselves in addition to formed the Buganda Kingdom. The 5 clans Kintu found inward the part included amid the next Ffumbe clan, Lugave clan, Ngeye clan, Nyonyi Nyange clan in addition to the Njaza clan in addition to they are referred to every bit "Ebika Binansangwa". Kitnu organized the people in addition to called for a full general coming together for all the clan leaders who met at Magonga inward Busujju on Nnono colina in addition to formed a united authorities with Kintu every bit their leader. This coming together was of dandy historic significance for it was at this coming together that Buganda's cast of governance, in addition to the human relationship betwixt the clans in addition to the King was formally agreed upon. The understanding was non written downward but it constituted an understanding betwixt the clans that has been followed since then. In essence it laid downward Buganda's Constitution.
One of Buganda’s greatest regular army commanders in addition to chief, Semei Kakunguru in addition to his married adult woman Nakalema who was sis to Kabaka Mwanga.
The next are some of the principal attendants who were at the meeting:
| 1. Bukulu, from Ssese, who chaired the meeting 2. Kato Kintu, who became King 3. Mukiibi Ndugwa, of the Lugave clan, whose boy Kakulukuku was the outset Katikkiro of Buganda 4. Kisolo, of the Ngonge clan, who also became a Katikkiro of Buganda 5. Kyaddondo, of the Nvuma clan who was appointed Ssaabaddu | 6. Kayimbyobutezi, of the Njaza clan 7. Mwanje, of the Ngo clan 8. Balasi, 9. Kagobe, of the Ffumbe clan 10.Kayimbyokutega, from Kyaggwe in addition to of the Mpeewo clan 11. Kiwutta Kyasooka, of the Mbogo clan 12. Kyeya Mutesaasira, of the Ngo clan | 13. Nnyininsiko, of the Njovu clan 14. Bakazirwendo Ssemmandwa, of the Ngeye clan 15. Kakooto Mbaziira, of the Nnyonyi clan, from Bulimo inward Kyaggwe county 16. Nsereko Namwama, of the Kkobe clan 17. Nsumba, of the Mbogo clan | 18. Kisenge, of the Nnyonyi clan, from Mirembe inward Kyaggwe county 19. Kyeyune, of the Nnyonyi clan, from Mirembe inward Kyaggwe county 20. Mubiru, of the Mmamba clan, from Bumogera 21. Mutasingwa, of the Mbwa clan |
A Fetish Dr. (Omulubaale) who was keeping the Naggalabi which was the traditional bespeak throne gave 1 stick (Akati Kamu) to Kintu in addition to told him to intermission it into pieces which Kintu did at once. Then the Fetish set together nine sticks to brand a packet (Kaganda) in addition to fifty-fifty prepared to a greater extent than others to brand many bundles (Buganda) in addition to told Kintu to intermission in addition to so similar he had done with the 1 stick. Kintu failed to intermission the bundles with ease every bit it had been with 1 stick in addition to thence the Mulubaale explained to him that it was really piece of cake to intermission 1 stick but it was really hard to intermission the bundles (Obuganda) in addition to that he should regulation his people inward BUGANDA in addition to non inward single STICKS. Therefore, it's from hither that the call Buganda was adopted in addition to Muwaawa dropped. Every 1 would refer to Kintu's part of regulation every bit "Obuganda Bwa Kintu". When the kingdom was formed in addition to given the call Buganda, the people inward the Kingdom also came to live called Baganda for many in addition to Muganda for Singular, their linguistic communication Luganda in addition to their civilisation Kiganda. They loved 1 another, spoke the same linguistic communication in addition to were never jealousy of each other.
Other theories province that Rukidi's blood brother Kato was called Kimera rather than Kintu. According to this schoolhouse of thought, Kintu was just a mythical figure in addition to Kimera is the 1 who established the royal dynasty of Buganda. The Baganda strenuously resist this theory, in addition to instead assert that Kimera was a grandson of Kintu. Kimera is counted every bit the tertiary Rex inward the dynasty, rather than its founder.
| King | Burial Place/DATE | Father | Mother | Mother's Clan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kato Kintu | Nnono, Busujju/ 1200 - 1230 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 2 | Ccwa I | Unknown/ 1200 - 1275 | Kintu | Nambi Nantuttululu | Ngeye |
| 3 | Kimera | Bumera, Busiro/ 1275 - 1330 | Kalemeera* | Wannyana | Nseenene |
| 4 | Ttembo | Bujuuko, Busiro/ | Lumansi* | Nattembo | Mmamba |
| 5 | Kiggala | Ddambwe, Busiro | Ttembo | Najjemba | Ngonge |
| 6 | Kiyimba | Ssentema, Busiro | Kiggala | Nabukalu | Lugave |
| 7 | Kayima | Nnabulagala, Busiro | Wampamba* | Nakayima | Butiko |
| 8 | Nakibinge | Kkongojje, Busiro | Kayima | Nababinge | Mmamba |
| 9 | Mulondo | Bulondo, Busiro | Nakibinge | Namulondo | Butiko |
| 10 | Jjemba | Bubango, Busiro | Nakibinge | Najjemba | Ngonge |
| 11 | Ssuuna I | Gimbo, Busiro | Nakibinge | Nassuuna | Mmamba |
| 12 | Ssekamaanya | Kkongojje, Busiro | Mulondo | Nakku | Ffumbe |
| 13 | Kimbugwe | Bugwanya, Busiro | Ssuuna I | Nalugwa | Ndiga |
| 14 | Kateregga | Buteregga, Busiro | Ssekamaanya | Nabagereka | Butiko |
| 15 | Mutebi I | Kkongojje, Busiro | Kateregga | Namutebi | Mmamba |
| 16 | Jjuuko | Bujuuko, Busiro | Kateregga | Namutebi | Mmamba |
| 17 | Kayemba | Nabulagala, Busiro | Kateregga | Namutebi | Mmamba |
| 18 | Tebandeke | Bundeke, Busiro | Mutebi I | Nabukalu | Lugave |
| 19 | Ndawula | Musaba, Busiro | Jjuuko | Nandawula | Nseenene |
| 20 | Kagulu | Bbuga, Busiro | Ndawula | Nagujja | Njovu |
| 21 | Kikulwe | Kaliiti, Busiro | Ndawula | Nabikulwe | Ngo |
| 22 | Mawanda | Sserinnya, Busiro | Ndawula | Nakidde Luyiga | Ngo |
| 23 | Mwanga I | Kavumba, Busiro | Ggolooba Musanje* | Nabulya Nalugwa | Ndiga |
| 24 | Namugala | Muyomba, Busiro | Ggolooba Musanje | Nabulya Nalugwa | Ndiga |
| 25 | Kyabaggu | Kyebando, Busiro | Ggolooba Musanje | Nabulya Nalugwa | Ndiga |
| 26 | Jjunju | Luwunga, Busiro | Kyabaggu | Nanteza | Njovu |
| 27 | Ssemakookiro | Kisimbiri, Busiro | Kyabaggu | Nanteza | Njovu |
| 28 | Kamaanya | Kasengejje, Busiro | Ssemakokiro | Nansikombi | Nseenene |
| 29 | Ssuuna II | Wamala, Kyaddondo | Kamaanya | Nakkazi Kannyange | Mmamba |
| 30 | Muteesa I | Nabulagala, Kyaddondo | Ssuuna II | Muganzirwazza | Njovu |
| 31 | Mwanga II | Nabulagala, Kyaddondo | Muteesa I | Baagalaayaze | Ngonge |
| 32 | Kiweewa | Masanafu, Kyaddondo | Muteesa I | Kiribakka | Mmamba |
| 33 | Kalema | Mmende, Busiro | Muteesa I | Ndibuwakanyi | Mmamba |
| 34 | Ccwa II | Nabulagala, Kyaddondo | Mwanga II | Evelyn Kulabako | Ngabi |
| 35 | Muteesa II | Nabulagala, Kyaddondo | Ccwa II | Irene Namaganda | Nte |
| 36 | Mutebi II | *** | Muteesa II | Sarah Kisosonkole | Nkima |
Buganda warriors inward the 1920s. Riots were ignited yesteryear maids in addition to drivers inward Buganda inward 1945 over exploitation in addition to pitiful working weather condition yesteryear colonial employers. PHOTO BY WWW.HIPUGANDA.ORG
Economy
The traditional Ganda economic scheme relied on crop cultivation. In contrast with many other East African economical systems, cattle played only a pocket-size role. Many Baganda hired laborers from exterior Buganda to herd the Baganda's cattle, for those who owned livestock.
Bananas were the most of import staple food, providing the economical base of operations for the region's dense population growth. This crop does non require shifting tillage or bush fallowing to maintain soil fertility, in addition to every bit a result, Ganda villages were quite permanent. Women did most of the agricultural work, spell men ofttimes engaged inward commerce in addition to politics (and inward precolonial times, warfare). Before the introduction of woven cloth, traditional habiliment was manufactured from the bark of trees.
Baganda farm produce
Kinship
The Baganda work "classificatory" scheme of kinship terminology which seems mutual to virtually all the Bantu peoples of Central in addition to Southern Africa. Similar systems of kinship terminology tin live found, for example, amid the Ndebele of Zimbabwe, the Zulu of South Africa, the Ngoni in addition to Tumbuka of Eastern Zambia.
Name: Sylvia Nagginda.
Age: Born September 1964.
Trivia: H.M. The Queen was engaged on Valentines' hateful solar daytime 1999.
Signature style: Ethnic in addition to western.In this system, all brothers of the begetter are called "father", all sisters of the woman parent are called "mother", all their children "brother" in addition to "sister". In male-speaking terms, father's sister's daughters (cross-cousins) are called cousins. But they are terminologically differentiated from parallel cousins in addition to from sisters. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 total of 68 linguistic terms of relationships are used yesteryear the Baganda.
The Baganda have got a really of import aspect of the social or business solid unit of measurement structure; "the consanguinal kin group" or "blood line" which is a line of descent traced through the manlike individual members of the business solid unit of measurement or patri-sib. "By combining the patrilocal regulation of residence with consanguinal descent, the Baganda have got built a formidable scheme of clans."
Among the Baganda, the clan has remained the most of import kinship entity. The clan is linked yesteryear iv factors. First, 2 beast totems from 1 of which the clan derives its name. Second, an identifying drum crunch used at ceremonies. Third, sure distinguishing personal names. Fourth, special observations related to pregnancy, childbirth, naming of the child, in addition to testing the child's legitimacy every bit clan member.
The existence of patriarchy in addition to the patrilineal scheme amid the Baganda powerfulness suggest that private men have got the most dominant social status. But quite to the contrary, the clan seems to have got a to a greater extent than supreme influence. For example, when a homo dies amid the Baganda, his powerfulness over the holding ends. The clan chooses the heir. "The clan assumes command of inheritance; the wishes of the dead individual may or may non live honored. ....The eldest boy cannot inherit."
Baganda people
The Baganda practise the levirate custom. The homo who is the heir to the widow has the additional business solid unit of measurement responsibleness of adopting the widow's family. He ....."also adopts the deceased person's children, calling them his in addition to making no distinction betwixt them in addition to his ain children."
The Ganda Clan (Ekika) System
In the Ganda context, a clan is a socio-family grouping based on a patriarchal lineage of descent. There are 53 recognised "ekika" (clans) that constitute the system. The grouping or clan identifies itself inward terms of a symbol referred to every bit a totem (omuziro), to a greater extent than ofttimes than non inward cast of a particular animal, a bird, a type of fish, a particular insect, a particular flora or mushroom. Each Muganda must necessarily belong to a clan, that is, to 1 of thosefifty-three. The importance attached to that belonging yesteryear the Baganda tin live measured through several Ganda proverbs such as: Nnyoko abeeranga omugwiira,,naakuzaala ku kika ! (Foreign may your mother’s origins be, so long every bit she delivers you lot into a clan !) or, Oguzzanga ku busenze, n’otoguzza ku kika !(Rather scandalize your neighbourhood, than your clan !).
History of the Clans
The Clans would appear to pre-date the Kingship scheme inward Buganda. Their existence tin live traced to the outset known generation of kingship known every bit the Tonda Kings. This generation is supposed to have got lasted from close the years 400 to close 1200 AD. King Bemba Musota was the in conclusion monarch of this outset generation of kingship inward Buganda, a province which was in addition to so known every bit Muwawa. That generation was replaced yesteryear the 2nd in addition to electrical current generation, the Abalasangeye, tracing its blood human relationship from King Kintu; he was the outset monarch of that 2nd generation of kingship. His Majesty Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II is thence a direct descendant King Kintu. The total amount of the clan scheme is to a greater extent than ofttimes than non grouped into iv major groupings every bit follows:
a) On the arrival of Kintu (said to have got come upward from the North), in that location were Six clans already established in addition to recognized inward the geo-political in addition to cultural State,Buganda. These are referred to every bit the Nansangwa or the indigenous. These clans are: i) eFumbe ii) oLugave iii) eMamba iv ) eNgeye v ) eNjaza, vi ) eNnyonyi
b) Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 grouping of 16 clans came with King Kintu. That grouping is composed of the next clans: i) Abalangira ii) ekkobe iii) eMamba iv) eMbwa v) eMpeewo vii) eMpologoma viii) Namung’oona ix) eNgo x)eNg’nge xi) eNjovu xii) eNkejje xiii)eNkima xiv)eNtalaganya xv)eNvubu xvi)eNvuma
c) Another 11 clans are known to have got arrived inward Buganda along with King Kimera, traveling from Bunyoro. These are a mixture of clans which went into exile from Buganda during the troubled days of King Bemba Musota during the kingship generation of Tonda, joined yesteryear other ally clans inward the class of the exile or every bit they traveled back. They are: i) oBugeme ii) oButiko iii) aKasimba iv) aKayozi v)eKibe vi) eMbogo vii) oMusu viii) eNgabi ix) eNkerebwe x) eNsuma xi)eNseenene
d) Twenty other clans would appear to have got arrived individually from the exterior of Buganda to integrate the kingdom or, to have got evolved from within, every bit emanations of other clans for diverse reasons. This internal expansion of clans was partly the piece of work of the kings of the fourth dimension with the objective of asserting their potency yesteryear creating clans loyal to them. This grouping is composed of: i) aBabiito ii) aBasambo iii)aBaboobi iv) aKasnke v) eKikuba vi) eKinyomo vii) eKiwere viii) oLukato ix)eMbuzi x) oMutima xi) Nakinsige xii) eNdiga xiii) eNdiisa xiv) Ng’aali xv) eNjobe xvi) eNkebuka xvii) eNkula xviii) eNsunu xix) eNte xx) eNswaaswa.
The Structural organisation of the Clans
Each clan is structured on vi pillars or sub-chieftainships: i) Nnyumba ( home) in addition to its caput , perchance a begetter in addition to his immediate family, in addition to so ii) Luggya (compound or homestead) headed yesteryear a grand begetter leading upward to other increasingly bigger groupings of families known every bit iii) Mutuba iv ) Lunyiriri (lineage), v ) Ssiga in addition to vi)Kasolya (roof or top) which is the apex of the clan hierarchy, connecting upward to the Kabaka through the Katikkiro. Soocio-cultural governance in addition to arbitration are exercised at each of those levels from the bottom to the top. Unsettled matters tin in addition to so live pushed upward to the Kabaka’s arbitration through his appeals courtroom ( Kisekwa ) composed of the respective top heads of the diverse clans. The most mutual cases at
that grade tend to relate to estate inheritance or replacement of a clan master copy inward cases of expiry or incapacity.
The elements distinguishing the clans from each other
There are iv main characteristics which distinguish the clans from each other in addition to which are respected yesteryear the members of the clan concerned: i) The totem ( Muziro ) the main clan symbol is to a greater extent than ofttimes than non represented yesteryear an animal, a bird, an insect, a particular
plant, etc. Most of the clan symbols thence are living things, including the Mutima(heart ) clan. One exception to that categorisation should live mentioned. The Lukato(knitting needle) clan. Clan members are non expected to consume their clan symbols or wound them. It is a taboo! The other exceptions that demand to live pointed out are the 2 clans that do non have got a clan symbol. These are the Abalangira (princes in addition to princesses) clan in addition to the Ababiito clan. That exception reminds us of some other of import characteristic inward the
system. The Abalangira are expected to take away on their mother’s clan symbol. Another taboo, mutual to almost all clans is the intermarriage betwixt members of the same clan or the clan of their mother. ii) Akabbiro is some other distinguishing grade amid the clans. It tin live considered every bit a supporting totem. Like the totem itself, akabbiro is non to live eaten yesteryear members of the clan. It is also inward the cast of a plant, an animal, a plane or an insect. iii) Each clan has a distinct drum- beat, known every bit Omubala. This is sounded
or played during sure functions bringing together members of the clan in addition to their inlaws in addition to friends. Such occasions may relate to the installation of an heir. In the olden days of tribal wars, omubala would live played at the 2nd of a clan member’s divergence to or render from war. Such moments stand upward for pride or sadness, or simply pleasance within the clan. iv) Clan Names are yet some other characteristic distinguishing the
clans.
The most of import are the names (titles) of the clan chiefs at the top of the clan hierarchy. For instance, it is good established that the call Mugema automatically refers to the caput of the Nkima (Monkey) clan; Ssaabalangira is perhaps 1 of the most distinctive clan master copy names. It is the Abalangira clan head’s name. Apart from the clan chiefs’ names in that location are designated names mutual inward the diverse clans. For example, Sentongo in addition to Namuli are almost invariably of the Nkima clan; Mukiibi, Namakula in addition to Semakula of Lugave; Bosa in addition to Nabbosa of the Ndiga clan; Sewannyana in addition to Wannyana of Nseenene clan, etc. However, clan names tin cross over to some other clan through a practise known every bit okubbula. This is when a parent decides to call his or her kid after a loved relative or friend of some other clan.
Then in that location are some names that are really of import but do non belong to whatever particularclan. The most mutual names inward this category are those relating to twins. Naalongo is the call given to the woman parent of twins; Saalongo, the begetter of twins. These 2 names given to parents of twins tin live used both every bit names in addition to every bit titles. The names, Nakatoand Kato given respectively to the younger fille or man child of the twins; Babirye in addition to Wasswa for the elderberry fille or man child respectively; Kigongo, given to the kid that precedes the twins;
Kizza, the 1 that straight off follows the twins. Another laid of names that do non belong to whatever particular clan are those invoking the way or the period of time during which the kid is born. Musisi (earthquake) is given to a kid born during that period; Kiwanuka, a call invoking the activity of abrupt falling or dropping to the ground was traditionally given to a kid beingness born unexpectedly, say during travel. There are also names such every bit Mukasa or Kibuuka which invoke traditional gods inward the Ganda mythology. Finally, in that location are names which are self-given or given yesteryear society to an private to depict his or her graphic symbol or personality, for example, Naggagga for a richly individual or, Naamwatulira (outspoken) etc. Such names are to a greater extent than ofttimes than non referred to every bit “amapaatiike.”
The Functions in addition to Usefulness of the Clans in addition to the System.
The clan scheme plays an of import role inward the social life of the Baganda. i) The protection of the Ganda civilisation is inward many ways incumbent on the clans. Here, 1 may start with the diverse symbolisms attached to the totem, to the nativity of the twins, the naming of the children, inheritance, etc. The full general passing on of civilisation in addition to tradition to the succeeding generations is a fundamental responsibleness of the clans. The fearfulness of
shaming or letting down, non only the immediate business solid unit of measurement but, the whole clan is a really of import motivation encouraging the private Baganda to observe their culture. ii)The sustenance of the kingship is made possible yesteryear the clan system. Traditionally, each clan had several roles to play inward that respect. This was the instance with every business office surrounding the kingship right from his enthronement, housing, transportation, feeding, clothing, the palace maintenance, etc. Naturally, some of those responsibilities go on to live played yesteryear the clans but inward to a greater extent than or less a symbolic manner.
Beautiful baganda woman. Courtesy:Mrs.KC
ii) The social safety provided yesteryear the clan especially inward times of bereavement and, that pump warming feel of belonging to a large business solid unit of measurement are inestimable services. iii) The full general land of study underlying many of the dos in addition to don’ts, the things nosotros must do in addition to those nosotros must non do are embedded inward the clan system. The key examples are the taboos surrounding the totem; but also the homage to live paid to the clan elders. For
instance, terminal funeral rites must live performed within the clan circle, inward accordance with the clan code in addition to non simply within the immediate family. The awareness created yesteryear belonging to the clan system, lays useful basic foundations for the private members for the credence of social land of study inward the larger community.
Baganda Marriage
Although the Ganda (Baganda) have got long regarded matrimony every bit a primal aspect of life, their matrimony ceremonies have got traditionally been relatively elementary (save for those of the Kabaka ).The traditional term for matrimony was jangu enfumbire (come ready for me). This symbolized the prevailing potency patterns inward the typical household. In centuries past, the parents initiated matrimony for their children yesteryear choosing spouses for them without so much every bit obtaining consent from the children. Over time, however, boys started choosing their ain mates with the approving of parents, with due diligence to avoid courting relatives in addition to people with undesirable business solid unit of measurement in addition to social traits.
Baganda women at Okwanjula matrimony ceremony.
Marrying the Kiganda way is locally known every bit ‘Okwanjula’. This is when a homo is introduced to his married adult woman -to- be’s family. After this, introductions in addition to payment of "omutwalo" (dowry) were made in addition to and so a matrimony ceremony was conducted to mitt over the girl. In this whole process, the girl’s role amounted to no to a greater extent than than giving her consent. All these steps to matrimony usually involved large social gatherings with eating, drinking, in addition to dance. Before the formal introductions,the whole procedure starts with what is called okukyaala. This is when the lady shows in addition to introduces her husband-to-be to her parternal aunt, locally known every bit Senga.
Best men`s dress
This is an in-door lawsuit in addition to it does non telephone telephone for outsiders such every bit neighbours in addition to many relatives, since it is a little business office where the aunt’s business solid unit of measurement in addition to her neice(wife-to-be) host the husband-to-be, unremarkably accompanied yesteryear really few (3 or 4) of his relatives or friends. The purpose of this see is for the lady to present her husband-to-be to her aunt, who (the aunt)in plow volition innovate the homo to her blood brother (the lady’s father) on the introduction hateful solar daytime Kwanjula.
The fille would live dressed yesteryear an aunt in addition to the man child invited to regard whether he liked her. If so, introductions, dowry, in addition to the handover ceremony followed. According to Buganda culture, the wearing apparel code for the business office is traditional wear, kanzus for men in addition to gomesi’s for the women. The 2 sides have got a spokesperson each, who hold on talking on their behalf for biggest constituent of the function.At the man’s side, they mostly laid upward for presents or gifts to convey to the lady’s side, spell at the lady’s side it is basically training for eats, drinks in addition to entertainment. At the kwanjula, iii pots of beer had to live carried. One was the ekiguula, that would intermission the ice; the enjogenza, that facilitated the talks in addition to the tertiary pot was left for the family’s enjoyment. Other gifts included a handbasket of meat, chicken for the brother-in-law (muko), gomesi for the ssenga in addition to the girl’s mother, kanzu for the begetter in addition to mutwalo, coin that was the actual bride price.
Baganda women performing traditional trip the lite fantastic toe at a matrimony ceremony
No animals were allowed at the kwanjula. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 caprine animal was only accepted if the fille was pregnant or she had
given birth, before the ceremony. Even then, it was usually hidden behind the business solid straight off it was
brought in.
A typical traditional Ganda matrimony ( Kwanjula ) ceremony lasts iii to iv hours in addition to consists of the next steps:
• Abatambuze Bali Ku Mulyango: The bride’s father’s spokesman welcomes the groom in addition to his party. Until so welcomed, the groom in addition to his political party are considered strangers or passersby.
• Abagenyi Bayingidde: After beingness welcomed, the groom in addition to his political party come inward every bit guests.
• Abagenyi Batudde—Abaana Balamusa: If the bride has siblings, they are allowed to greet the groom in addition to his party.
• Abagenyi Banyonyola Ekibaleese: The groom’s spokesman explains the visitors’ argue for coming ( Ensonga ).
• Ekyaleese Abagenyi Kimanyibwa: Because the groom’s political party does non come upward until “invited” yesteryear 1 of the bride’s aunts, the aunt who gave the invitation “admits doing so after beingness exposed” ( Ssenga Ow ’ ensonga). This “outing” is usually done inward a lighthearted manner, every bit everybody at the gathering is privy
to the argue for the coming together but feigns ignorance until the groom’s spokesman declares their argue for coming in addition to the aunt is “outed.”
• Abagenyi Baleeta Enjogeza: The groom in addition to his political party serve the “conversation starter,” usually a drink. The credence of the imbibe yesteryear the bride’s father’s political party is a positive sign that they are willing to entertain subsequent negotiations.
• Okw ’ ogera Ebikwaata Ku Mulenzi: The groom’s spokesman relates the groom’s heritage in addition to status, that is, his business solid unit of measurement background, ancestry, piece of work ethic, in addition to achievements. The groom’s spokesman does his best to cast the groom inward a proficient light, every bit dubious ancestry or reputation on the constituent of the groom is plenty argue for the girl’s business solid unit of measurement or clan to reject the proposed union.
• Olukiiko Lulamusa: The groom’s political party accepts greetings from the girl’s uncles, aunts, in addition to neighbors. To present respect, the women inward the groom’s political party stoop or kneel every bit they are greeted.
• Okw ’ ogera Ebikwaata Ku Muwala: The bride’s father’s spokesman relates the bride’s heritage in addition to status, that is, her business solid unit of measurement background, ancestry, in addition to achievements. As with the groom’s spokesman, the bride’s father’s spokesman does his best to highlight the bride’s proficient reputation, piece of work ethic, ancestry, in addition to achievements, every bit shortcomings inward whatever of these areas tin induce the groom’s political party to reject the bride.
Bugandan bride
• Okusiima Ebirabo: If satisfi ed with the bride’s reputation (and they usually are, because yesteryear the fourth dimension this ceremony takes place, the necessary background investigations would have got been conducted to the satisfaction of the groom in addition to his family), the groom’s spokesman seeks permission present the groom’s
appreciation for the first-class project that the bride’s parents, family, in addition to clan have got done inward raising her. He in addition to so proceeds to give gifts to the bride’s father, mother, blood brother ( muko ), paternal aunt ( Ssenga ), other aunts, grandparents, in addition to others.
• Okuyingira Mu Nju—Okulya Entaba Luganda: The groom in addition to his spokesman in addition to 2 to iii others come inward the bride’s business solid unit of measurement business solid for a brief coming together with the bride’s uncles in addition to aunts, in addition to the groom is formally accepted every bit a boy of the family. At this time, roasted java beans in addition to drinks are shared to seal the kinship or brotherhood ( Oluganda ).
• Okulya Ekijjulo: Once the kinship is sealed, the conversation changes from formal to familial. The main feast is announced, in addition to the groom eats with some other grouping (excluding parents) within the house.
• Obusiimo, Empeta Ne Cake: Then optional events such every bit painting present taking,
presentation of additional presents, central of engagement rings, in addition to the cutting of a cake take away place.
• Okusibuula: The groom in addition to his political party exit for domicile in addition to come upward for the bride at the Kasuze Katya Ceremony
Family structure
Baganda family. courtesy:Mrs.KC
In the belatedly in addition to early on 19th century, a detailed study conducted amid the Baganda found that, "Polygyny, the type of matrimony inward which the hubby has plural wives, is non only the preferred but the dominant cast of matrimony for the Baganda."Commoners had 2 or three, chiefs had dozens, in addition to the Kings had hundreds of wives. What was the construction of the polygynous family?
Although amid the Baganda, the nuclear business solid unit of measurement of the mother, father, in addition to their children constitutes the smallest unit of measurement of the Baganda kinship system, the traditional business solid unit of measurement consists of "...... several nuclear units held inward association yesteryear a mutual father." Because the Baganda people are patrilineal, the household business solid unit of measurement also includes other relatives of the begetter such every bit younger single or widowed sisters, aged parents, in addition to children of the father's clan sent to live brought upward yesteryear him. Included inward this same bigger household volition live servants, woman individual slaves, in addition to their children. The begetter remains the caput of the nuclear business solid unit of measurement units.
Baganda women. Courtesy:Mrs.KC
Having so many people inward this household should non live confused with other types of large families like, ".....'the joint' family, with its several married brothers in addition to their families living together or the 'extended' family, consisting of a grouping of married off outflow living inward 1 household nether a patriarch or matriarch." The Baganda are also patrilocal. Therefore, the novel families tend to to a greater extent than ofttimes than non live close or with the husband's parents.
Baganda men carrying approximate for a matrimony ceremony
Religion
The Baganda believed inward superhuman spirits inward the cast of mizimu, misambwa in addition to Balubaale. The Balubaale were believed to have got been men whose exceptional attributes inward life were carried over into death. The mizimu were believed to live ghosts of dead people for it was believed that only the trunk would boot the bucket in addition to rot but the soul would soundless be every bit omuzimu (singular of mizimu). Such ghosts were believed to operate at the business solid unit of measurement grade to haunt whoever the dead individual had grudge with. If the mizimu entered natural objects, they were believed to go misambwa. At some other level, the mizimu could go tribal figures in addition to also live known every bit Balubaale.
The supreme beingness amid the Baganda was the creator, Katonda, believed to have got had neither children nor parents.The name, important creator of all things in addition to Lord of Creation indicates that he was recognized to live superior to all, in addition to was referred to every bit "the begetter of the gods.' He was said to have got created the heavens in addition to the ground with all that they contain. Katonda was however, non believed to live really different from the other Balubaale. In fact he was believed to live 1 of the seventy-three Balubaale inward Buganda. There were iii temples for Katonda inward Buganda in addition to all of them were situated inward Kyaggwe nether the tending of priests from the Njovu clan.However, fiddling was known of this supreme god in addition to he was non expected to intervene routinely inward human affairs.
At the 2nd grade is Lubaale of whom in that location are to a greater extent than than 2 dozen. Lubaales were of major significance to the state in addition to the hateful solar daytime to hateful solar daytime life of the people. The give-and-take Lubaale was translated every bit "god" yesteryear early on writers inward English linguistic communication on Buganda but the histories of the Lubaales, which were good known to the Baganda, all tell of them having been humans who, having shown exceptional powers when alive, were venerated after expiry in addition to whose spirits were expected to intercede favorably inward national affairs when asked. They are thus to a greater extent than similar the Saints of Christian belief than "gods".In this document, they volition live referred to every bit Guardians. Ggulu, god of the sky in addition to the begetter of Kiwanuka, god of lightning. Then in that location was Kawumpuli, god of plague, Ndaula, god of smallpox, Musisi, god of earthquakes, in addition to Wamala, god of Lake Wamala; Musoke was the god of the rainbow in addition to Kitaka was the god of the earth.
ssabo shrine
The Guardians were the focus of the organized religious activity of the nation, beingness recognized in addition to venerated yesteryear all. Even to a greater extent than important, they were the 1 establishment which the King, otherwise almost an absolute ruler, could non ignore or disrespect. Before all major national events, such every bit coronations in addition to wars, the oracles at the major temples were consulted in addition to offerings were made. For a King to ignore the pronouncements of the oracle or to desecrate a temple was a sure invitation to disaster. Each shrine (ekiggwa) was headed yesteryear a priest or priestess, the Mandwa, who, when the Guardian Spirit was upon him or her, also functioned every bit the oracle. Generally the business office of Mandwa for a perticular temple was assigned to 1 clan, which would provide the priests in addition to priestesses. Each Guardian had at to the lowest degree 1 temple, inward which was kept a laid of sacred drums in addition to other ceremonial objects. The edifice in addition to upkeep of the temples were governed yesteryear really elaborate in addition to exacting rituals.
Kasubi tomb
The most pop Guardian was Mukasa, Guardian of the Lake. He had temples inward his honor all over the province but the master copy temple was on Bubembe isle inward Lake Victoria. To this temple the King would send an annual offering of cows in addition to a asking for prosperity in addition to proficient harvests. Next to his temple was 1 to his wife, Nalwanga, to whom women would pray for fertility. The other nationally renowned Guardian was Kibuuka of Mbaale. His legend tells that he was a full general of such dandy prowess that it was said of him that he could wing similar a plane over the battlefield. Killed inward activity inward the fourth dimension of Kabaka Nakibinge, his remains were enshrined at Mbaale ( at nowadays known every bit Mpigi) in addition to he became the Guardian of War. His temple was desecrated yesteryear the British in addition to the contents, including his jawbone, were set on display inward a museum inward Cambridge. The Primary School at Mpigi is named Kibuuka Memorial inward his honor, in addition to was built at the site of his shrine. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 listing of the to a greater extent than good known Guardians is given inward the next table.
| Guardian | Specialty | Main Shrine | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wanga | . | Unknown | Fixed Lord's Day in addition to Luna inward sky |
| Muwanga | The Most Powerful | Kiwanga, Kyaggwe | Son of Wanga |
| Musisi | Earthquakes | Bukasa Island, Ssese | . |
| Wannema | Phyical Handicaps | Bukasa Island, Ssese | Son of Musisi |
| Wamala | . | Busundo, Ssingo | Son of Musisi |
| Mukasa | Good Health, Fertility, Wealth | Bubembe Island, Ssese | Son of Wannema |
| Kibuuka | War | Mbaale (Mpigi), Mawokota | Son of Wannema |
| Nende | War | Bukeerere, Kyaggwe | Son of Mukasa |
| Mirimu | . | Ndejje, Bulemeezi | Son of Mukasa |
| Musoke | . | . | Son of Mukasa |
| Kitinda | Wealth, Long Life | Kkoome Island | Son of Musisi |
| Ggulu | . | None | Had no priests |
| Walumbe | Sickness, Death | Ttanda, Ssingo | Son of Ggulu |
| Kiwanuka | Fertility, Thunder | Mmengo, Kyaddondo | Son of Ggulu |
| Nakayaga | Fertility | . | Kiwanuka's Wife |
| Namirembe | . | . | Kiwanuka's Wife |
| Nagaddya | Marriage, Harvest | Nkumba, Busiro | Kibuuka's Mother |
| Nalwoga | . | Nsazi Island | Nagaddya's Sister |
| Nanziri | . | . | Mukasa's Wife |
| Nabamba | . | Kirugu, Kyaggwe | Came from Busoga |
| Lubanga | . | Bubiro, Kyaggwe | Came from Buruli |
| Ddungu | Game Hunting | Mabira Forest | Came from Bunyoro |
| Namalere | Good Health | Ssugu, Bukunja | . |
| Nagawonye | Rain, Crops | Mubanda, Bulemeezi | . |
| Kawaali | Smallpox | Kakooge, Busiro | Son of King Ssuuna I |
| Kawagga | . | Buwagga, Kyaddondo | Son of King Kateregga |
| Kawumpuli | Plague | Buyego, Kyaddondo | Son of King Kayemba |
| Nabuzaana | Obstetrics | . | Her priestesses were Banyoro |
Shrine where offerings are made at Ssezibwa falls, spiritual Buganda site used for traditional healing in addition to royal retreat. close Kampala, Uganda
Every hamlet recognised the presence of numerous local spirits, usually associated with a particular constituent of the local scenery, perhaps a forest, a current or a python. These, every bit a rule, were unfriendly spirits, in addition to the only duty 1 owed them was to avoid displeasing them. This powerfulness require a little offering of nutrient to live left at a particular spot from fourth dimension to fourth dimension but to a greater extent than ofttimes than non simply meant keeping out f their way yesteryear obeying sure taboos. Wood in addition to current spirits, known every bit Misambwa, were known to bathe at sure times, no 1 would venture to the good at those hours. Similarly some tracts were off limits to gatherers of firewood. Lurid tales of the fate that befell transgressors are soundless told to this day.
The Bakabonas/traditional healers. Courtesy:peterhoesing
The ancient Baganda were thus similar the followers of major modern religions inward honoring their gods in addition to praying for their help. They differed, soundless inward the human relationship they saw betwixt the gods in addition to the rules governing ordinary conduct in addition to morals. To the philosophical query "Is murder incorrect because God forbade it or did God forbid murder because it is wrong?" the Muganda would emphatically answer "the latter". The state had an elaborate in addition to carefully observed code of conduct governing personal in addition to business solid unit of measurement relationships, cleanliness, the crafts, warfare in addition to government, a code which was observed non because the gods ordained it but because it was the right thing to do. To this hateful solar daytime the Muganda considers the declaration "eyo ssi mpisa yaffe (that is non our custom)" a major censure.
A communal rather than divine footing for proficient conduct was useful inward preserving the moral foundation of Buganda society, especially inward the 19th century when the prestige in addition to influence of the Guardians waned every bit that of the Kabaka grew. Thus yesteryear the destination the reign of Mutesa I inward 1884 the formal influence of the Guardians inward national matters was gone, within some other generation Christianity in addition to Islam would have got totally supplanted them. Traditional mores were to a greater extent than resilient, in addition to only began to alter significantly after 1945, especially inward areas of business solid unit of measurement relationship. In the in conclusion generation the novel monastic say represented yesteryear imported religions in addition to political systems has been found to live wanting, non only inward the pitiful cohesiveness in addition to business office of the province but fifty-fifty inward the personal conduct of religious in addition to political leaders. Thus the traditional ways are 1 time once again treated with respect, fifty-fifty to the extent that the traditional terms for such things every bit a shrine (ekiggwa) or a prayer (okusamira) are at nowadays beingness used to depict Christian churches in addition to services. Previously they were terms of abuse used to depict "pagans". What the terminal equilibrium volition live betwixt tradition in addition to the at nowadays dominant Christianity in addition to Islam only fourth dimension volition tell.
Traditional rituals performance
There were temples dedicated to the different Balubaale throughout Buganda. Each temple was served yesteryear a medium in addition to a priest who had powers over the temple in addition to acted every bit a liaison betwixt the Balubaale in addition to the people. In particular clans, priesthood was hereditary, but a priest of the same god could live found inward different clans. The priests occupied a topographic point of religious importance within society in addition to they usually availed themselves for consultation.
The kings had special shrines of worship. The royal sis known every bit Nnaalinya took accuse of the king's temple. There is a tradition amid the Baganda that the Balubaale cult was introduced yesteryear Kabaka Nakibinge to strengthen his potency in addition to that he combined both political in addition to religious functions for that matter.
Clothing
The rural Muganda (Baganda individual) adult woman typically wears a busuuti. This is a floor-length, brightly colored cloth wearing apparel with a foursquare neckline in addition to short, puffed sleeves. The garment is fastened with a sash placed just below the waist over the hips, in addition to yesteryear 2 buttons on the left side of the neckline.
Baganda women wearing basuuti
Traditionally, the busuuti was strapless in addition to made from bark-cloth. The busuuti is worn on all festive in addition to ceremonial occasions. The indigenous wearing apparel of the Baganda homo is a kanzu, a long, white cotton wool robe. On special occasions, it is worn over trousers with a Western-style suit jacket over it. Younger people have on Western-style clothing. Slacks, jeans, skirts, suits, in addition to ties are also worn.
Baganda men dress
Food
The staple nutrient of the Baganda is matooke, a plantain (a tropical fruit inward the banana family). It is steamed or boiled in addition to commonly served with groundnut (peanut) sauce or meat soups. Sources of poly peptide include eggs, fish, beans, groundnuts, beef, chicken, in addition to goats, every bit good every bit termites in addition to grasshoppers inward season.
Matooke
Common vegetables are cabbage, beans, mushrooms, carrots, cassava, sweetness potatoes, onions, in addition to diverse types of greens. Fruits include sweetness bananas, pineapples, passion fruit, in addition to papaya. Drinks include indigenous fermented beverages made from bananas (mwenge), pineapples (munanansi), in addition to maize (musoli). Although Baganda have got cutlery, most prefer to consume with their hands, especially when at home.
Music in addition to Dance
Baganda kids doing traditional dance
Travelers that have got had a safari or a tour to Republic of Uganda have got been mesmerized yesteryear music of the people of Buganda region. The Baganda boast of a diverseness of dances originating from private clans based on different themes such as; economical in addition to social activities, politics, education, dear in addition to their history depending on the audience for whom the performance is made.
The baganda, similar other tribes work music to praise in addition to worship God or gods every bit good every bit people of authority, to celebrate their life cycle-rituals in addition to rites, celebrate labor or piece of work achievements such every bit a proficient harvest,to educate the population,to earn a leaving( every bit employment) ,as a cast of recreation,as good every bit a cultural way of disseminating cultural values from generation to generation.
Baganda have got iii predominant dances; Bakisimba, Muwogola in addition to Nankasa all inspired yesteryear their daily life.All kiganda dances involve a flawless `circular’ displace of the waist in addition to a tip toeing displace of the feet plus hands spread out from the shoulder articulation but bent forrad or upward words at the elbow articulation depending on the type of dance. The trip the lite fantastic toe moves or patterns are dictated yesteryear the lyrics or vocal important but mostly yesteryear the tempo of the song.
Baganda traditional Dancers
If 1 took a Republic of Uganda safari,they would definitely dear the traditional Baganda dance`s costumes that are universally used for all their dances.The woman individual dancers set on tops that cove their shoulders,cover the midriff with a white or cream silk stuff that accentuates the trunk undulations, a broad floor-length kikoyi that allows costless leg movements to all directions,a raffia skirt around the dorsum plus a sash around the waist line that gives a clear complete to the raffia skirt.
At the backside, a trip the lite fantastic toe beast pare is added on top of the raffia skirt in addition to sash in addition to talocrural articulation bells are worn too.Modern dancers today add together decorative bracelets in addition to caput bands to this costume.
Male dancers have on the kikoyi also that covers only to the mid calf to allow their rather vigorous trip the lite fantastic toe moves in addition to the world acceptability to have got much of their bodies bare.
The Baganda have got a diverseness of trip the lite fantastic toe instruments but majorly drums of different sizes; the Empunyi (rhythm drums for the primal beat), Namunjoloba (a little drum beaten yesteryear 2 little sticks to create the rhytmic audio that controls all trip the lite fantastic toe motifs or flows), the Embuutu (a large drum for the diverse trip the lite fantastic toe rhytms), Engalabi (a long cylindrical drum that adds color in addition to texture to accompaniment), Amadinda (a xylophone to give the music melodies), Endigidi (a tube fiddle for melody), Entongoli (bow lyre for melody), Engombe (a moo-cow horn that adds excitement at the climax), Endere (flute), Ensaasi (shakers made out of a guoards) plus singers- soloist in addition to choristers.The xylophone determine the tempo or stair of the music or vocal in addition to the drums follow suit.
Madinda player
The baganda have got `Amagunju ‘a royal trip the lite fantastic toe whose beginning in addition to essence has attachment to;
i. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ritual trip the lite fantastic toe formulated to entertain the newly enthroned King (Kabaka) in addition to forestall him from crying every bit he presided over the Lukiiko (parliament)
ii. The trip the lite fantastic toe having been created yesteryear the uncle to the Rex -Gunju from the Obutiko (Mushroom) clan hence the call of the dance.
iii. The trip the lite fantastic toe having been danced yesteryear only yesteryear the people of the Mushroom clan.
iv. The fact that Uncle Gunju designed a royal topographic point that placed the kabaka inward a higher topographic point every trunk else –Namulondo which has been inward existence for over 200 years upward to date. It is a symbol of potency of the Kabaka (King) every bit he is the only to sit down inward it.
Dancers work the same instruments in addition to costumes, every bit manlike individual dancers take away energetic high side yesteryear side kicks staggering every bit if they are drunk, all to entertain the king.Songs to this trip the lite fantastic toe all relate to the Mushroom clan.The manlike individual dancers dominate the Amagunju trip the lite fantastic toe every bit they brand their side yesteryear side- kicks said to have got also been used t pave way for the Kabaka every bit he moved to the parliament.The woman individual dancers are how ever graceful in addition to gentle making sedate in addition to depression trunk movements,the lower trunk movements are same every bit those of the Bakisimba trip the lite fantastic toe but they alter their trip the lite fantastic toe motifs according the songs of the dance.
In the `nalintema’ vocal for example, dancers simulate swinging a sickle to clear the garden for planting good every bit inward some other song, they curvature over double to pick mushrooms.Now days, this trip the lite fantastic toe takes topographic point at the royal courts, danced yesteryear all people dissimilar before when it was danced yesteryear only those of the Mushroom clan at different celebrations.This trip the lite fantastic toe is soundless danced for the Kabaka when he leaves his palace in addition to a Republic of Uganda tour to the Kabaka`s (King`s) palace volition provide a dandy chance for 1 to regard these performances live.
Passages of rite
A Muganda (Baganda individual) passes through the stages of omwana (child), omuvubuka (youth), in addition to omusajja or omukazi (man, woman). At expiry 1 becomes an omuzima (spirit) in addition to a candidate for reincarnation.
Baganda youths dancing
At nativity the umbilical cord is retained for after work inward a ceremony called Kwalula Abaana. During this ceremony the kid gathers with other members of the father's clan to have their clan names.
Boys in addition to girls are expected to accommodate inward their conduct to what the Baganda refer to every bit mpisa (manners). This includes beingness obedient to adults, greeting visitors properly, in addition to sitting correctly (for girls). Sex instruction for females is to a greater extent than systematic than it is for males. The father's sis (Ssenga) is the most important moral potency for girls. Grandmothers instruct girls presently after their menstruation, during a period of time of seclusion, close sexual matters in addition to hereafter domestic responsibilities. Marriage in addition to the nativity of children are prerequisites for adult status.
Baganda homo carrying a homo on his hand
Ritual sex
The Baganda have got Kiganda (customary) norms of labia enlongation (okusika enfuli), stylized articulation in addition to gesticulation of sexual practice (okusikina) in addition to hygiene inward sexual practice (eby`ekikumbi).
Parents have got customary mandates for ritual sexual practice to celebrate other important rites of passages for their children.
Baganda women
Okumala ekizadde (to consummate a birth): after a kid is born, custom demand that the parents have got penetrative sexual intercorse to ensure that the kid lives well. There is varying duration betwixt delivery in addition to ritual sex, it could live "four days", "one week" when the adult woman has healed or after the bad blood halt dripping.
Emikolo gy`abalongo (the ceremonies of twins). In Kiganda customarily practise twin ceremonies provides a licence to work relatively obscene linguistic communication with deep sexual images in addition to metaphors. Cultural songs for celebrating twin ceremonies are noted for their explicit work of sexual innuendos. In a society inward which opened upward world beak close sexual practice in addition to sexuality was a taboo, especially across generations (kizekka 1976,kinsman et al 2000, Muyinda 2004), the boldness of these songs is indeed noteworthy celebration of sexuality:
Twakedde kumakya kuzina balongo-Be chwi
Akanta kanuma kanjwi-jwiya- Be chwi
Nnalongo baamuyisayo akeeyo- Be chwi
We wake upward this morning time to dance/fuck twins-Be chwi
My fiddling thing/sex organ is hurting me,its arching-Be chwi
The twin woman parent ha some fiddling broom/penis swept through her-Be chwi
(Excerpt from Baganda twin song)
Performance of ritual sexual practice inward twin ceremonies involves to a greater extent than than the twin parents. At nativity of the twins, 1 of the necessary rituals is for 1 of the parents families to provide siblings for the parents. These (often the younger siblings) are called Ssanlongo omukulu (twin father) in addition to Nnalongo omukulu (twin mother). they are responsible for acting on behalf of the twins in addition to are symbolically responsible for their well-being, 'lest they kill the whole clan.' Their role is to ensure twins rituals in addition to observances do occur.
in the ritual sexual practice deed specifically called okuzina abalongo (dancing for the twins) cultural dancing in addition to jubilation occurs, Nnalongo lies on her dorsum with her legs spread in addition to the immature of banana fruit (empumumpu) is planted on top of her genitalia. Then Ssanlongo omukulu kneels betwixt her legs knocks this baby-banana fruit off her either with his penis, or some other constituent of his body. Thereafter, drums beats the loudest, leading to some other ritual which involves specific nutrient ingredient cooked without tabular array salt in addition to to a greater extent than violation of taboo: stepping into the food. Four nights after the twin ceremony, the twin parents must perform ritual sexual practice called Okumala emikolo gyabalongo (completing the ceremonies of the twins).
Okumala amabeere (To consummate Breast Milk). during the procedure of weaning the cjild from thorax milk to nutrient supplements, in addition to eventually termination of breastfeeding, the biological parents must have got penetrative sexual intercourse. It is believed that the penetrative sexual practice serve every bit a buffer to protect the kid from damage in addition to failure to do so plow the thorax milk sour in addition to choke the children to death.
Okumala amabega (to consummate the menarche of a daughter) : this happens inward Okumenya amabega (To intermission the buttocks) which is 1 of the several euphemism for "to start menstruation. As a constituent of rites surrounding menarche, biological parents must have got ritual sexual practice before the in conclusion hateful solar daytime of their daughters menstrual flow, inward monastic say to ensure her salubrious menstruation, fertility in addition to reproduction in addition to the good beingness of her children.
Beautiful Baganda sisters.Courtesy:Mrs.KC
Okumala obufumbo (To consummate marriage). Parents are mandated to have got ritual sexual practice when their children marry. The bride is collected from her father`s household. Prior to leaving for her husband`s locale, she must undergo customary symbolic rites of farewell with different members of her clan. Customarily, on the hateful solar daytime the groom`s business solid unit of measurement or entourage pays the dowry in addition to collect their bride, the 2 sets of parents must perform ritual sexual practice before the newly married couplet consummate their marriage. The begetter tin bound over the mother`s legs if they were unable to have got actual penetrative sexual intercourse.
Following matrimony it was expected of a homo to build business solid for his married adult woman in addition to progeny. Customary Kiganda practise prescribed ritual sexual practice called okumala enju (to consummate the house) prior to occupying the novel house., especially if it was a novel property, inward monastic say to ensure benign cooperation of ancestral shades of that lineage (empewo z`abajajja or the air current of our grannies). Thus, on completion of the business solid a homo invites his kinsmen in addition to friends for ancestral worship in addition to jubilation. Later, during the nighttime he would engage inward penetrative sexual practice with his married adult woman (or the spouse who owned that infinite inward cases of polygyny). This inward lawsuit symbolically stamped ownership yesteryear the ancestry over the household, holding in addition to land, allowing the ancestral spirit access to oversee in addition to protect members` prosperity.
Sex to appease the spirit of death
This ritual sexual practice is called okwabya olumbe (bursting the death). Its a label for a serial of rituals encompassed within in conclusion funeral rites. Sexual intercourse is mandated inward iii peculiar instances: okumala kafiisa (completing to live robbed yesteryear death), okumala olumbe (completing the death) in addition to eby`abakuza (things of guardians/widow inheritors).
Okumala kafiisa is a cultural requirement of sexual intercourse betwixt 2 biological parents after the expiry of their child. This custom is essential especially where the dead kid had non yet produced an offspring. After the burial ceremony in addition to ensuing period of time of mourning, the parents are supposed to have got sexual intercourse to grade or celebrate the destination of their world mourning for their child. Prior to the sexual act, the parents bathe with a herbal concoction of purificative in addition to preventive medicines obtained from traditional healers to spiritually insure their children, clan members in addition to kins against some other see from death. this ritual culminates inward sexual intercourse.
Baganda woman
After having fulfilled their spiritual, moral, cultural in addition to kin obligations, the couplet are costless to proceed their normal life.
During the in conclusion funeral rites ceremony (Okwabya olumbe) the ritual ceremony okumala olumbe is mandated for the families of the immediate business solid unit of measurement members. The most visible version of this ritual is the cultural prescription for widows. In the yesteryear the widow was required to have got sexual intercourse with the manlike individual agnate of her deceased husband. This deed is ofttimes authenticated inward traditional Kiganda culture.
There is at nowadays a symbolic cultural practices that widows undergo. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 widow is instructed to sit down on the flooring inward the doorway of their main business solid with legs stretched outwards. Then a manlike individual agnate of the belatedly spouse bound once, twice or thrice over her extended legs to symbolise the sexual act.
Baganda couples
When a married adult woman lost a family- including parents, grand parents, siblings in addition to nieces or nephews- after returning from the in conclusion funeral rites, she is expected to slumber apart from the hubby (precisely on the floor). When the hubby is ready to start conjugal relations with her, the hubby would purchase her mourning married adult woman a novel cloth called "geomesi." He volition in addition to so nowadays it her in addition to invite her to bed inward monastic say to kumala olumbe- also variously called okumu-nazaako olumbe- (to launder off her death)or okumunazaako amaziga (to launder off tears from her).
Baganda women mourners
Source:http://books.google.com.gh/books
http://www.buganda.or.ug/
The Tradition Of 'Visiting The Bush' (Labia Elongation)
Among many others is the tradition the Baganda commonly refer to every bit visiting the bush. Visiting the bush is elongating the labia minora of the womens sexual practice organs.Labia minora are 2 structures situated at the entrance of the vagina.
The aunties prescribe herbs to live used to their nieces inward the procedure to hold the labia minora long whenever they are stretched. They also learn them what to stretch in addition to how to go close the whole business of pulling every bit it is called.
Since all ladies are traditionally expected to grow upward in addition to larn married, in addition to thus serve their husbands sexual desires, this civilisation of pulling or visiting the bush is highly practiced fifty-fifty today with many parents intending their daughters to live sleeping accommodation superstars when the fourth dimension comes. Some parents have fifty-fifty resorted to introducing their fille children to this practise at a tender age, for some every bit early on every bit 7 years.
Ssenga Nassanga who gives advice on sexual matters inward Buganda says that the fille kid should live introduced to the tradition at the historic period of time of 13 years.
Unless your fille acts older in addition to to a greater extent than understanding, below this age, a kid below 13 years of historic period of time could go around disclosing what you lot told her to her peers with no shame, she advises.
Ssenga Nassanga says that the practise of pulling is really of import in addition to every immature fille should undergo it to ensure a happy sexual practice life inward her adulthood.
She says that completing the project proved that the fille is courageous, determined in addition to has observe for civilisation in addition to her hereafter husband.
The outset few times you lot attempt it out it is painful in addition to thus discouraging. Therefore if a adult woman goes the whole way they are brave in addition to should live appreciated for it, she says.
I marvel at a homo who does non present gratitude to a married adult woman that went through this ordeal to the really end, remarks the 66-year-old Ssenga.
Why visiting the bush is important
Traditionally, this civilisation is considered sexually of import inward a number of ways. The elongated labia minora act every bit a door to the vagina. It is from the vagina that a adult woman gets all they want inward life. You are thence supposed to hold it every bit sacred every bit you lot would appear after your home. You never exit you lot domicile opened upward all the time, elaborates Ssenga Nassanga.
In acting every bit a door, the elongated labia helps hold the womans sexual practice organs warm, which is the traditional requirement that the vagina should live warm in addition to non mutual frigidity at whatever 1 time.
According to Ssenga Nassanga, women who see the bush also protect themselves from sexual harassers. Rape becomes impossible if a adult woman did see the bush. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 homo cannot tally their sexual practice organ into a adult woman unless she is willing to allow him. Remember in that location is a door that she solitary opens to allow inward anyone or anything, she elaborates.
Most importantly, the traditionalists believe that in that location is no way a couplet tin savor sexual practice if the adult woman did non see the bush. It is believed to heighten foreplay in addition to orgasm.
Like many other traditions, this also is slow dying out. Very few girls today pay hear to this practise in addition to most immature men do non fifty-fifty know their women are supposed to have got done it every bit per tradition.
The whites do non do these things in addition to they carry on normally. I do non believe all this crap of the long labia minora being essential for sexual pleasance anyway, says Dianaa finalist educatee at Makerere University, Kampala. Another manlike individual educatee from the academy also says he does non brain whether a fille has done it or not.
I tin non walk out on a fille just because I realize she did non go to the bush. This is the twentieth century for Gods sake, he exclaims.
While many immature men in addition to women concur with the 2 students, in that location are many others soundless standing yesteryear their traditional in addition to cultural norms. Omulangira Ndawula says that he does non empathize how a adult woman who did non see the bush expects to hold her hubby sexually satisfied in addition to contented.
During a recent sexual practice instruction gathering at Cooper Theatre inward Kampala, in that location were elderly ladies inward the audience who wanted to know how to maintain their labia minoralong fifty-fifty after birth and repeated sexual intercourse, which, they believed, made them shorter.
Retouch is non just meant only for pilus ladies, responded Ssenga Nassanga, who was 1 of the facilitators. You have got to take away off fourth dimension 1 time inward a spell to revisit the bush fifty-fifty inward your adulthood, she advised. Retouch inward womens linguistic communication way revisiting the pilus saloon to beautify themselves.
Ssenga Hamida who is hosted on CBS FM every Mon at 9am to address business solid unit of measurement issues quelled all beak that the tradition was only a necessity inward Buganda saying that it was for all cultures inward Republic of Uganda every bit far every bit she is concerned.(http://www.ugpulse.com/heritage/the-tradition-of-visiting-the-bush/293/ug.aspx)
| Buganda (Drums) Bummu |
 On the 21 of Nov 2011, Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II prior to opening the 19th Session of the Buganda Lukiiko inaugurated a novel laid of vi drums which he named Buganda Bummu.The drums were established every bit a symbol unity amid the Baganda a displace the Kabaka has fronted since his coronation every bit King of Buganda at Buddo Naggalabi inward 1993. The drums volition live managed yesteryear Nkusu every bit the master copy drummer clan in addition to volition live assisted Bummu yesteryear Mbogo in addition to Kinyomo clans on this duty. Buganda Bummu joins a long listing of drums established yesteryear past Kings of Buganda for diverse reasons. Below is a detailed listing of drums established yesteryear past Kings of Buganda with a brief introduction.  Drums played a dandy constituent inward the life of the Baganda inward the yesteryear in addition to are soundless used considerably today. However, some of the of import drums are no longer beaten in addition to the bulk of the nowadays generation is ignorant of their names in addition to history. Drums although ranking every bit musical instruments, they are set to a multitude of uses. In the past, in that location were literally several hundred different drum beats for the drums in addition to each musical rhythm was known yesteryear the people who conveyed its definite important to them. For example, One musical rhythm could hateful that a sure master copy was passing by, some other could hateful that a sure trip the lite fantastic toe was taking place, some other would hateful a telephone telephone to state of war or a burn alert in addition to so forth. In the instance of an urgent telephone telephone or claim, it was the duty of the outset individual who heard it to repeat the message in addition to thus inward a few minutes a claim or telephone telephone was carried hundred miles away.  As a full general rule, drums inward Buganda belonged to the Kabaka in addition to when he presents a master copy with whatever office, he confers upon him a drum. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 individual so promoted is said to have got eaten a drum (alidde Engoma) or if a boy takes his father’s place, it way he has eaten his father’s drum (alidde engoma ya kitaawe) Children of the Kabaka born spell he is genuinely inward possession of powerfulness or on the throne are known every bit “Abaaba b’Engoma” literally important the children of the drum every bit they are considered inward the direct line of succession. It is thence evident that the give-and-take Ngoma or drum indicates powerfulness or potency in addition to is comparable to the English linguistic communication give-and-take “scepter”. This born out yesteryear the Kiganda saying “abantu magoma gavugira aliwo” (the drum beats for the office, non for the individual who holds it) Kiganda drums are of 2 types in addition to named according to their size, work in addition to the most of import ones are also given names- a form of personification. The other grouping is known every bit Ngalabi made of varying sizes which are long in addition to slender. In the past, the ceremonial of the courtroom was intricate with the work of a large number of drums belonging to the Kabaka. Each grouping of drums was named in addition to men were specifically appointed to take away upward residence at the Lubiri for the purpose of beating the drums.  At the moment, in that location are far fewer drums inward work because most of them were lost during Muteesa I’s reign due to the many civil wars, battles in addition to fires in addition to were never replaced. It is also truthful that, modern life is to a greater extent than exacting than the yesteryear inward its demands upon the pockets of all classes of the state in addition to so the Kabaka is unable to maintain an regular army of drums-beaters in addition to the drummers themselves prefer to a greater extent than profitable occupations. Hence, a large number of drums have got fallen into disuse either from reasons of economic scheme or from a lack of drummers with knowledge of special beats attached to their work in addition to inward most cases fifty-fifty the whereabouts of such drums are unknown.  The drums laid constituent for the sole work of the Kabaka contained fetches, some of which have got been examined in addition to proven to live phallic origin. It was thought that when beaten in addition to heard yesteryear the Kabaka, his vigor was increased. Such drums were considered sacrosanct in addition to were used at specified times of the hateful solar daytime or nighttime for the do goodness of the Kabaka. No adult woman was allowed to touching a drum when she was menstruating, lest it would kill her in addition to at the same fourth dimension she would defile the drum. Among the royal drums, the most of import are known every bit Mujaguzo. It is believed to have got been established during the reign of Kabaka Mutebi I. It started with a single drum of the Ngalabi that is believed to have got been handed downward from the fourth dimension of Ssekabaka Kimera. This drum is called Timba in addition to is highly venerated. It call was chosen from the pattern of a serpent which stands out inward relief circular the trunk of the drum. It is kept yesteryear Sekalala every bit its hereditary keeper. It is this drum that the Kabaka beats on enthronement every bit King of Buganda.  SSekabaka Mutebi I made some other drum called Kawulugumo in addition to other little ones which together with Timba cast Mujaguzo. The number was increased yesteryear each successive Kabaka upward to Muteesa I’s reign. Mujaguzo is at the 2nd made of close l drums with the main department consisting of the following; 1 Timba- 1 Ngalabi 2 Kawulugumo- 1 large drum 3 Namanonyi- One large drum 4 Nkonyi- Four medium sized drums 5 Njawuzi- Five medium sized drums 6 Njuyi- Twenty 5 little to medium sized drums. Kawulugumo It is beautifully decorated with cowry shells in addition to is beaten yesteryear Lukungo Kawula of Lugave clan in addition to members of this clan crunch the other drums associated with Kawulugumo. Kawula is the master copy drummer of the royal drums. Namanonyi It ranks adjacent to Kawulugumo in addition to is also decorated with cowry shells. The accompanying drums are called Ndubi (comprising of drums from Njawuzi in addition to Nkonyi both mentioned above). They are beaten yesteryear members of the Butiko clan spell Namanonyi is beaten yesteryear Kimomera, the assistant master copy drummer. There were several occasions on which Mujaguzo was sounded apart from the coronation day. It was sounded when the Kabaka went to confer with the spirit Mukasa god of the lake.  It was also taken in addition to beaten at the topographic point where the Kabaka intended to visit. Mujaguzo was also sounded on special days when Kabaka’s relatives who lived inward Busiro would pay homage inward the palace. Whenever Mujaguzo was sounded, the Baganda would realize that something of importance was happening. The dissonance of the whole sequence at unopen quarters is deafening but at a distance the qualities of each drum may live distinguished in addition to to the native ear at whatever rate, it conveys music of fragile charm. Drums that brand upward Mujaguzo are made from Muvule (Chlorophora Excelsa) but other drums are made from whatever suitable form of timber according to the size of the drum required especially lite wood which is non readily attacked yesteryear insects is preferred.  There were many other drums in addition to groups of drums, some of which are soundless inward use. Drums denote the expiry of the Rex in addition to also the destination of the period of time of mourning. In the evening, the Mugema sent the royal drums (Nanzigo) to the Kabaka in addition to they were beaten to allow the people know that the mourning had ended. Drums also warned people to cease mourning such that no sign of it would live found anywhere nether the penalization of death. Two little drums called Kangujunguju joined together brand Kanaba. It was the only drum sounded whenever expiry of a prince or boy of a prince occurred. There was also some other drum Busemba which was sounded to denote sandiness. It is the drum for death. After a Rex had been enthroned, his suit collected in addition to carried out all the drums which surrounded them but only Busemba was left in that location inadvertently. The unfortunate individual who outset drew attending to this apparent oversight, was straight off seized in addition to set to death, in addition to his arm-bones prepared every bit drum sticks for this drum. That is where the Kiganda proverbs is Ajukiza Busemba ya’gikuba (He who draws attending to Busemba shall after wards serve to crunch it) was developed. This custom is said to have got its beginning inward the next story. Ssekabaka Tembo killed Kimera inward the wood in addition to the ghost haunted him in addition to wished to live avenged on him. To appease the ghost, Tembo made a drum in addition to directed that the drum sticks used for beating it should live the bones of human being. The bones were provided in addition to the ghost of Kimera was quieted. It is quite possible that this drum was used at executions in addition to preceded the throngs of unfortunate condemned ones every bit they were hurried to their agony. However, during Ssekabaka Mwanga’s reign, he refused to follow the custom of slaying an innocent to procure the famous drum sticks hence the saying “Busemba yazikira ku Mwanga” (Busemba was ceased with Mwanga). Busemba is inward the hereditary accuse of Nadunga of the Lugave clan but the whereabouts of the drum, if it soundless exists is non known. Another collection of drums is known as Endoda which was established yesteryear Ssekabaka Muteesa I who wanted additional drums inward Mujaguzo with a high pitch similar Ndubirizi in addition to consists of iv drums, 1 large, 2 smaller, in addition to 1 ngalabi. The drum is managed in addition to drummed yesteryear Kigonya of the Nsenene clan. It was used at Sessions of the Lukiiko especially after the Kabaka declares an heir to 1 of his officials. It is accompanies yesteryear joyful applause of the audience before the Kabaka. Entamivu or Nkagwe it is some other good known drum which was captured originally yesteryear Kabaka Kyabagu from inhabitants of Kyaggwe. The Kabaka himself used to crunch it when he appointed a master copy of a war-like expedition. This drum never leaves the palace. It was unremarkably used concurrently with Enjongo, a slender drum in addition to 2 others called Bwayita, to accompany the Amadinda (native xylophone). Enyenya is a royal drum reputed to live of greater antiquity than Mujaguzo but it was phased out on the establishment of Mujaguzo. Its crunch went every bit follows ‘Kungulu ntono munda butekula’. There was some other interesting collection of drums known as Kawugulu which consisted of 2 drums joined together in addition to 2 other smaller drums called Nsuku zafe or Kangujunguju. It was established during the reign of Ssekabaka Mulondo who became King spell soundless a child. His uncles of Butiko clan wished to amuse him in addition to so they made these drums which were all beaten together every bit the members of the clan danced circular in addition to circular wearing bells on their legs in addition to girdles of plantain leaves or long haired skins. Members of this clan thereby became hereditary courtroom entertainers in addition to the dancers are called Banagunju from Gunju the caput of the clan.  There is the Entenga drum which consists of twelve little drums each tuned to a particular banker's complaint inward the scale. They are placed inward a line together with iii other drums 1 large, 1 smaller in addition to the tertiary is called Enjongo. The little drums are outset beaten to denote the tune in addition to and so the other iii bring together inward with an accompaniment resulting into dandy entertainment. They are considered to live really of import drums in addition to are kept inward the Lubiri. Many different songs tin live played on them to entertain the Kabaka. It is stated that Kabaka Kyabagu took Entenga from Kajujugwe of Bukerere in addition to its drummer was Nagamala, boy of Kyasimbi of the Lugave clan. Buganda Mirembe is some other of import drum beaten yesteryear Batambulira of the Ffumbe clan. It was established during Ssekabaka Kagulu’s reign the boy of Ssekabaka Ndawula. When his people abandoned him due to his cruelty, he made this drum in addition to gave it the call Buganda Mirembe which way peace to betoken that he had mended his ways in addition to would no longer persecute his subjects.  Katengejo which is beaten yesteryear Kamya in addition to Kajoba. It is thought to have got been established yesteryear sekabak Jjunju. It was captured from Jjunju yesteryear his blood brother Semakokiro inward the battle at Bajjo which accounts for its beat, Olukomera olw’e Bajjo ‘The debate at Bajo”. Kirimalabasaja nyago (Many must boot the bucket from spears) this drum was established yesteryear Ssekabaka Ssuuna who wanted it beaten inward the regular army when the soldiers were going to the battle land in addition to when the Abakondere (trumpeters) played the song, Gulemye-mpangala Abamanya mwesindike”. Nakawanguza (the Conqueror) when the Kabaka was successful inward his attacks on the surrounding tribes, he ordered that this drum live made. It is beaten yesteryear Kiribata of the Ntalaganya clan. Tadde when the Kabaka went visiting or hunting in addition to intended to remain away for the night, the Katikkiro went inward advance with many people. When the political party returned, the Kabaka received many congratulations, because the see or the hunting was considered to live a form of an expedition in addition to the people said “Ebemba tekyala etabala butabazi (Ebemba does non visit, he fights). The beating of this drum was constituent of the ceremonies in addition to the drummer is Kamya of the Ndiga clan. Kalalankoma it is believed that the Kabaka is similar wasp (Kalalankoma) whereby when you lot go close him, you lot must live wary or he volition regain you lot guilty of some offence in addition to you lot live stung. The drum is beaten yesteryear Kyasi of Lugave clan.  Baganda people performing traditional acrobatics Njagala-kwetika all the Kabaka’s servants had to carry things on their heads from amid who the Kabaka chose his chiefs. The drum is beaten yesteryear Kyemwa. Bwesige when the Kabaka saw that he was similar a lake from which his subjects got all proficient things, he made this drum. Bwesige buli e nyanja (Trustworthiness is inward the lake), the drummer is Beyuna. Kulebera seeing that it was the Kabaka solitary who promoted people he made this drum to denote that fact. It is beaten yesteryear Kyanjo in addition to its total call is Lulebera-si-kugwa. Va-mu-lugundo (Give way) when the wives of the Kabaka were walking, no 1 was allowed to live on the route inward front end of them. So the drummer went ahead warning people to clear the way for the King’s wives. The drummer is Gunagwera. Kyejo when the Kabaka executed mischief-makers, this drum was beaten every bit a warning to others. Kyejo-kita (mischief Kills). It is managed yesteryear Ndiga clan. Basengeja this is rather an amusing allusion. When the Kabaka saw that beer makers were treated with also much observe yesteryear the crowds at the fourth dimension of filtering, he came upward with this drum to divert that attending to himself. The drummer is Omutemi-wente. Bantadde the Kabaka chose the bulk of his chiefs from attendants inward the Lubiri in addition to established this drum to proclaim that he who was but a retainer is at nowadays at freedom every bit a chief. The drummer is Batawuka.  Nyanja its important is the same every bit that of Bwesige, already described. Bwe-mbata this drum used to crunch to proclaim the fact that the Kabaka sometimes killed in addition to sometimes acquitted people defendant of incorrect doing. It sounds Bwe-mbata-bwe-mbabulirira. It is beaten yesteryear Lukade. Gwe Ngo gwe Musota the Kabaka saw that he was similar a leopard in addition to a serpent which made him untouchable in addition to he proclaimed this yesteryear beating on this drum. Gwe Ngo gwe Musota, Ekirimala abasajja yago. (You are a leopard in addition to a snake. That which ends all men is the spear). Kikolw’omuganzi this drum was established yesteryear the Kabaka to honor sure favorites of his people who were non chiefs. Mulyabyaki it is the drum which was given yesteryear the Kabaka to the master copy of an expedition. It sounded Gwa gwa gwa in addition to used on of import occasions. Another similar drum carried on expeditions but at nowadays abolished, was called Najemba. Wango tabuka the Kabaka is similar a leopard in addition to when you lot passby him, you lot say you lot have got been inward danger of beingness killed. In appreciation of this pop conception, this drum was established. It is beaten yesteryear Wasonko of Ngonge Clan. Kuku kanga Balimi this drum was made yesteryear Ssekabaka Ssuuna which was beaten to warn women who did non cultivate their plantain gardens that they jeopardy their hands to live cutting off. The drum was beaten especially early on inward the morning time to warn the women to larn to piece of work lest they lose their hands. Kya-gwe-kireta whenever the Kabaka stayed at a place, people gathered from all directions in addition to that is why this drum was established Kya-gwe-kireta Singo kireyta (Kya gwe comes, Singo, all come) it is at nowadays obsolete in addition to wa beaten yesteryear Lugayavu. Sindika tagenda is some other drum at nowadays obsolete which was work to proclaim that the Kabaka is similar a stone in addition to no 1 could force him against his will. Its drummer was Magwa.  Makumbi is also some other obsolete drum similar to Kuku kanga Balimi warning people to cultivate their banana gardens or jeopardy having their hands cutting off. Batankulu had an interesting yesteryear but is nolonger inward use. It was a state of war drum belonging officially to Kibuuka Omumbaale, who is said to have got taken it from Ssekaala of Bugoma inward Ssese. Kibuuka used it inward the wars of Ssekabaka Nakibinge the boy of Layima, against the Banyoro. When the Baganda heard the drum, they would rush furiously upon the enemy. It sounded tuliluloja in addition to was beaten yesteryear Majuluba. After the wars, it remained at Mbale inward Mawokota inward the temple of the Lubale (Spirit). Later the Kabaka established a corresponding drum to live beaten early on morning time to awaken his attendants in addition to at that fourth dimension no 1 was allowed to speak inward the Lubiri before the drum had sounded. Bawemukira this is also an obsolete drum which was established to proclaim the acquittal of a individual who had been slandered. The drummer was Mbuga. Mbade mulowooza was the drum which was established during the period of time when in that location was peace in addition to harmony inward the land. It was established inward appreciation for the proficient things do yesteryear people in addition to their observe for him. It was beaten yesteryear Kyenyi. Netunze another obsolete drum which was beaten yesteryear Mugambwa of the Ffumbe clan. It was established yesteryear the Kabaka inward honor of the loyal mode inward which his servants risked their lives to serve him. Gali nya drum was established yesteryear Ssekabaka Ssemakokiro to tape that his woman parent was of the Ffumbe clan. Its crunch was Amafumbe galinya e Bakka. It is no longer inward use. Yewa-awala this drum was established in addition to beaten whenever people who had been sent out to carry out human sacrifice but didn’t to it were caught. Mavumisizi is the drum which conquered Buddu to live annexed to Buganda. It belonged to Luziga of the Ndiga clan who was sent out yesteryear Ssekabaka Junju boy of Kyabagu to conquered Buddu in addition to Kiziba.  Baganda people KASUBI TOMBS The Kasubi tombs, traditionally known every bit Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga, a religious topographic point inward the Buganda kingdom is situated on a colina within Kampala-Uganda. The tombs are a burial topographic point for the iv previous Kings of Buganda known traditionally every bit Kabakas, in addition to are situated 5 kilometers away from Kampala metropolis middle on Kasubi hill. The Kasubi tombs are 1 of the burial grounds/royal tombs of the Kabakas of Buganda, in addition to the site is an illustration of traditional Ganda Architecture, civilisation in addition to living traditions. The palace was built yesteryear Kabaka Mutesa I inward 1882 in addition to according to culture, each Rex was supposed to live buried at a divide site when he died in addition to a royal shrine to business solid his jawbone which was believed to contain his spirit was to live established at some other site. Mutesa I was the 35th King of Buganda (1856-1884) in addition to the outset Rex to live buried inward his former palace (the Tombs) at Kasubi without removing his jawbone. Mwanga II who succeeded his begetter Mutesa inward 1884 was the 2nd Rex to live buried at the Tombs after his remains were brought dorsum from exile (Seychelles islands) inward 1910. His boy Daudi Chwa II succeeded him at the historic period of time of 1 yr inward 1896 in addition to ruled until his expiry inward 1939. He also was buried inward the Tombs. Daudi Chwa II was succeeded yesteryear his boy Edward Mutesa II in addition to the in addition to so governor of the Republic of Uganda protectorate. He died inward 1966 inward exile (London) in addition to his remains were brought dorsum in addition to buried inward the Tombs inward 1971.  The Kasubi Tombs is an of import Burial site for the Kabakas of Buganda because old traditions were broken at the site when the Kabakas were buried together. Each prince in addition to princess who is a descendant of the iv Kabakas is also buried at Kasubi behind the main shrine. The site is of import every bit a cemetery of the royalty of the Buganda kingdom. The tombs comprise the Bujjabukula (Gatehouse) a beautifully built gate, which is the entrance of the site. It's constructed with wooden columns in addition to a wall made of wooden woven reeds. The gate leads to a little courtyard with a circular house-House of Royal drums (Ndoga-obukaba) where the drums are kept. In the main courtyard, in that location are several houses built for the widows of the kabakas in addition to other ritual purposes. At Kasubi in addition to all other royal tombs, in that location is an expanse behind a back-cloth mantle known every bit kibira (forest) where the existent Tombs of the kabakas are in addition to where sure royal ceremonies are performed similar the novel Luna ceremony in addition to the consultations of the mediums. In front end of the curtain, in that location are raised platforms corresponding to the topographic point of each kabakas tomb behind the curtain. Entrance to the "Secret forest" is only limited to the widows of the Kabakas, the royal family, the Buganda Prime-minister (katikkiro) in addition to the Nalinya (kabakas official sister).  The King-Kabaka on Shoulders The Kasubi Tombs are adorned with royal regalia similar spears, drums,medals, photographs in addition to shields of the kabakas buried there. The construction is supported yesteryear wooden poles wrapped inward backcloth in addition to the flooring covered with grass in addition to palm leaves mats. Backcloth traditionally pop for habiliment is a cloth made from the soft dorsum of a fig tree (Ficus natalensis) in addition to has a stiff ritual importance to the people of Uganda. Thatching of the roof is carried out yesteryear members of the Ngeye clan (colobus monkey clan) emmet the decorators of the poles are from the Leopard clan, who are the only people allowed to do this work. Pregnant women in addition to widows are non allowed to come inward the edifice spell its beingness thatched since this is believed to induce leakage. Similarly, the thatchers are non supposed to have got sexual intercourse during the thatching period. The dandy roof is supported yesteryear 52 rings, which stand upward for the 52 clans inward the Ganda culture. The Baganda cultures tin also live experienced at sites similar Katereke prison theater where the Rex imprisoned his brothers inward a trench. Naggalabi coronation site, Buddo where the kabakas of Buganda have got been crowned for the yesteryear 700 years. Wamala Tomb the undercover burial topographic point of Kabaka Suuna II (1836-1856) who had 148 wives in addition to 218 Children. Namasole Kanyange Tombs where the woman parent to Kabaka Suuna II was buried. Ssezibwa Falls is a spiritual topographic point for the kings in addition to Baagalayaze Nnamasole Tombs where the woman parent of Kabaka Mwanga II was buried.  |
The Founding of Buganda
The early on history of Buganda has been passed downward the generations every bit oral history. Unfortunately, every bit with many cases of oral history, the stories have got taken on several different versions depending on the source. There are different versions of history detailing how the kingdom of Buganda was established, in addition to these are given below.
The Coming of Kintu
Prior to the establishment of Kintu's dynasty, the people who lived inward the expanse that came to live known every bit Buganda had non been united into a single political entity. The people were organized into groups that had a mutual ancestry in addition to constituted the most of import unit of measurement inward Buganda's civilisation - the clan. Despite a mutual linguistic communication in addition to culture, the clans were loosely autonomous. The clan leaders (Abataka) ruled over their respective clans. There was no caste scheme in addition to all clans were equal. This did non preclude the fact that from fourth dimension to time, the leader of 1 clan powerfulness live militarily stronger than the others. In such a case, the leader could flora hegemony over the other clans for a time.
There was no to a greater extent than ofttimes than non accepted overall leader however. The leadership would overstep to whoever proved his powerfulness inward battle. There were times when in that location was no mutual leader at all if none of the clan leaders could overwhelm the others. Some powerful leaders who are said to have got established themselves for periods of fourth dimension prior to Kintu's arrival include: Sseguku, Buwumpya, Bukokoma, Bukulu, Bandi, Beene, Ggulu, Kyebagaba, Muyizzi, Bukuku, Bukadde-Magezi, Nakirembeka, Tonda, Maganda, Mukama, in addition to Bemba. According to the most widely accepted version of history, Bemba was the acknowledged leader at the fourth dimension of Kintu's arrival.
Kintu came into Buganda every bit a conquering hero. It is seems that at that time, Buganda was really sparsely populated. There are said to have got been a total of 5 clans inward Buganda at that time, at nowadays called the original clans (bannansangwawo). These were the Ffumbe, Lugave, Ngeye, Nnyonyi Nnyange in addition to Njaza clans. When Kintu invaded Buganda, he is reputed to have got brought 13 clans with him. So it appears that the sheer forcefulness of numbers played a key role inward Kintu beingness able to flora himself every bit king. Another factor may have got been that Bemba was a harsh in addition to ruthless ruler. His subjects were already primed to rebel against him in addition to indeed some prominent clan leaders joined Kintu's invading force. Key amid these was Mukiibi, caput of the Lugave clan, who was assigned command of the invading force. Follow this link for the consummate listing of the clans of Buganda.
As an interesting aside, Buganda was the call of the business solid inward which Bemba used to live. This business solid was located at Naggalabi, Buddo. When Bemba was defeated inward battle, Kintu slept inward Bemba's business solid every bit a sign of his victory. Thus Kintu became the 'ruler' of Bemba's house. This call eventually came to hateful all the territory that Kintu ruled. To this day, when a novel Rex of Buganda is crowned, the ceremony takes topographic point at Naggalabi, to recall Kintu's victory over Bemba.
Site of the coronation of kings at Naggalabi, Buddo.
After the battle to oust Bemba, in that location was a full general conclave of the clans in addition to clan elders which was held at Magonga inward Busujju county, on a colina called Nnono. This coming together was of dandy historic significance for it was at this coming together that Buganda's cast of governance, in addition to the human relationship betwixt the clans in addition to the King was formally agreed upon. Although it was unwritten, this constituted an understanding betwixt the clans that has been followed since then. In essence it laid downward Buganda's Constitution. These were the principal attendants at the meeting:- Bukulu, from Ssese, who chaired the meeting
- Kato Kintu, who became King
- Mukiibi Ndugwa, of the Lugave clan, whose boy Kakulukuku was the outset Katikkiro of Buganda
- Kisolo, of the Ngonge clan, who also became a Katikkiro of Buganda
- Kyaddondo, of the Nvuma clan who was appointed Ssaabaddu
- Mwanje, of the Ngo clan
- Balasi,
- Kagobe, of the Ffumbe clan
- Kayimbyokutega, from Kyaggwe in addition to of the Mpeewo clan
- Kiwutta Kyasooka, of the Mbogo clan
- Nnyininsiko, of the Njovu clan
- Bakazirwendo Ssemmandwa, of the Ngeye clan
- Kakooto Mbaziira, of the Nnyonyi clan, from Bulimo inward Kyaggwe county
- Nsereko Namwama, of the Kkobe clan
- Kyeya Mutesaasira, of the Ngo clan
- Nsumba, of the Mbogo clan
- Kisenge, of the Nnyonyi clan, from Mirembe inward Kyaggwe county
- Kyeyune, of the Nnyonyi clan, from Mirembe inward Kyaggwe county
- Mubiru, of the Mmamba clan, from Bumogera
- Mutasingwa, of the Mbwa clan
- Kayimbyobutezi, of the Njaza clan
In add-on to armed services conquest, Kintu cleverly allied himself with the leaders of the original clans. For example, his regulation wife, Nnambi Nantuttululu was the fille of Bakazirwendo, the leader of the Ngeye clan. His Prime Minister (Katikkiro) Kakulukuku, was the boy of Mukiibi, caput of the Lugave clan in addition to old armed services commander. Kintu was the outset Rex inward Buganda to portion his potency with the other clan leaders. This may also have got played a key role inward getting him accepted every bit the Rex of Buganda. In organizing the kingdom, Kintu conceded to the clan leaders potency over their respective clans inward matters of culture. Kintu in addition to so became arbiter betwixt the clans inward instance of disputes, thus cementing his role as Ssaabataka, head of all the clans. The consummate listing of kings starting with Kintu is shown here.
The next is the consummate listing of officers inward Kintu's adminstration appointed at Nnono:
Name | Clan | Office |
| Kakulukuku | Lugave | Katikkiro |
| Kisolo | Ngonge | Deputy Katikkiro |
| Kyaddondo | Nvuma | Ssaabaddu |
| Kiwutta | Mbogo | Ssaabagabo |
| Ssebukyu | Nkima | Ssaabawaali |
| Kalibbala | Nseenene | Musaale |
| Mubiru | Mmamba | Navy Commander |
| Kawungu | Ffumbe | Head Fisherman |
| Mabingo | Kkobe | Head Smith |
| Kalumamba | Nseenene | Tuner of Royal Drums |
| Mutaawe | Ngabi | Head Herdsman |
| Kafuuma | Nnyonyi | Roaster of Royal Coffee |
| Kayimbyobutezi | Njaza | Chief Hunter |
| Mwanje | Ngo | Palace Chief |
Alternative Versions of Kintu's Story
Version 1:
Prior to Kintu's time, Buganda used to live called "Muwaawa". The caput of the Ffumbe clan, who was called Buganda Ntege Walusimbi, had leadership over other clans. Walusimbi had several children including Makubuya, Kisitu, Wasswa Winyi, in addition to Kato Kintu. When Walusimbi died, his boy Makubuya replaced him every bit ruler. On his death, Makubuya inward plow was replaced yesteryear his blood brother Kisitu every bit ruler. During Kisitu's reign, a renegade prince called Bemba came from the expanse of Kiziba (now inward nothern Tanzania) in addition to established military camp at Naggalabi, Buddo. From in that location he sought to deal Kisitu in addition to replace him every bit ruler of Muwaawa. Bemba had a reputation of beingness barbarous in addition to ruthless. Apparently Kisitu was easily intimidated in addition to inward his fear, he vowed to give his chairSsemagulu to whoever would succeed inward killing off Bemba. (This Ssemagulu was the symbol of authority.).
Beautiful Baganda women. Courtesy:Mrs.KC
On hearing his brother's vow, Kintu gathered some followers from amid his brothers in addition to some of the diverse clans in addition to attacked Bemba. Bemba was defeated inward the ensuing battle in addition to he was beheaded yesteryear 1 Nfudu of the Lugave clan. Nfudu apace took Bemba's caput to Kintu, who inward plow took it to Kisitu. On seeing Bemba's head, Kisitu abdicated his throne inward favor of Kintu with the words that "Kingship is earned inward battle". Despite his abdication, Kisitu wanted to retain leadership of the Ffumbe clan, so he told Kintu to start his ain clan. He also told Kintu that the kingdom should live renamed Buganda inward retention of their mutual ancestor Buganda Ntege Walusimbi. Thus was the royal clan separated from the Ffumbe clan. Kintu established a novel scheme of governance inward alliance with the other clan leaders every bit nosotros saw earlier.
Version 2:
Other stories suggest that Kintu was non indegenous to Buganda. Some assert that he came from the east, close Mt. Elgon. Kato Kintu came with his elderberry blood brother Rukidi Isingoma Mpuga. Rukidi conquered the lands of Bunyoro where he established himself every bit king. According to this version, the expanse that formed the inwardness of Buganda was inward fact a remote outpost of the kingdom of Bunyoro. Rukidi sent his blood brother Kato to regulation this outpost but on reaching the area, the younger blood brother essentially broke away from Bunyoro in addition to established his ain kingdom that came to live known every bit Buganda. Another version gives essentially the same story but instead suggests that Rukidi in addition to Kato came from the nothern expanse around Madi. They landed at a port called Podi, which was inward the province of Bunyoro. From in that location Kintu reached Kibiro with many of his followers. They were: Bukulu in addition to his married adult woman Wada; Kyaggwe in addition to his married adult woman Ndimuwala; Kyaddondo in addition to his married adult woman Nansangwawo; Bulemezi in addition to his married adult woman Kweba; Mazinga in addition to his married adult woman Mbuubi.Some suggest that Rukidi's blood brother Kato was called Kimera rather than Kintu. According to this schoolhouse of thought, Kintu was just a mythical figure in addition to Kimera is the 1 who established the royal dynasty of Buganda. The Baganda strenuosly resist this theory, in addition to instead assert that Kimera was a grandson of Kintu. Kimera is counted every bit the tertiary Rex inward the dynasty, rather than its founder. More volition live said about Kimera later.
Version 3:
Another version of Kintu's story suggests that he was born inward Ssese on Bukasa island. According to this version, Kintu's begetter was Kagona, in addition to his woman parent was Namukana. Bemba was ruler on the Buganda mainland but he was really unpopular. He alienated the clan leaders inward his efforts to flora his potency over them. Mukiibi, caput of the Lugave clan, was 1 such leader who rebelled against Bemba. Bemba was non amused yesteryear Mukiibi's rebellion in addition to he attacked him. Mukiibi fled to Ssese to salve his life. There, he allied himself with Kintu in addition to they raised an regular army that attacked Bemba in addition to deposed him from the throne.It is notable that the kings of Buganda never established direct regulation over the islands of Ssese similar they did with other areas nether their dominion, although it was good accepted that the islands formed constituent of the territory of Buganda. Indeed Ssese was only made a county in addition to given a county master copy nether the 1900 agreement. The Ssese islands were referred to every bit the islands of the gods. All the original clans, every bit good every bit those that came with Kintu have got of import shrines inward Ssese. For this reason, some have got suggested that wherever Kintu came from, he must have got come upward through Ssese to larn to Buganda. Ssese was thus the springboard from which Buganda was created, in addition to consequently was never subjected to direct regulation inward recognition of this pivotal role.
Version 4:
In his book "Ssekabaka Kintu ne Bassekabaka ba Buganda Abaamusooka" (in Luganda, published yesteryear Crane Publishers Ltd.); Chelirenso E. S. Keebungero presents a cogent instance for the declaration that Kintu was indigenous to Buganda rather than an invading all conquering hero. The volume reports extensive enquiry amid clan elders asserting that Kintu was inward fact born inward Buganda. Kintu is said to have got been the boy of King Buganda (after whom the kingdom took its name). That King Buganda did indeed be is fairly good established in addition to his shrine is known to live at Lunnyo, close Entebbe inward Busiro. According to this version, King Buganda was deposed yesteryear his blood brother Bemba. As stated elsewhere Bemba was a ruthless in addition to unpopular ruler. So the clan elders concocted a undercover plot to take away the belatedly king's immature sons out of the country. They were sent to the Masaaba mountains to the E (now Mt. Elgon) in addition to in that location looked after yesteryear royal attendants until they had matured plenty to atomic number 82 an regular army into battle. When the fourth dimension was judged to live right, the elders sent messengers to Masaaba who returned with Kintu the prince. They in addition to so joined Kintu inward the successful battle to oust Bemba. According to this version, the chronology of the kings that preceded Kintu is every bit follows: King | Father | Capital |
| Muntu | Bwera, Mawogola | |
| Bukadde Bukokoma | Muntu | Naggalabi, Busiro |
| Ssenkuule | Bukadde Bukokoma | Naggalabi, Busiro |
| Beene | Bukadde Bukokoma | Mitwebiri, Busiro |
| Mukama | Bukadde Bukokoma | Katoolingo, Busiro |
| Buganda | Mukama | Lunnyo (Entebbe), Busiro |
| Bemba | Mukama | Naggalabi, Busiro |
| Kintu | Buganda | Nnono, Busujju |
The ease with which Kintu was accepted yesteryear all the clan elders, in addition to the elaborate powerfulness sharing organisation that was established after his accession to the throne would appear to back upward the disputation that indeed he was a returning native born prince rather than an unknown unusual born invader. Clearly, in that location is soundless a lot of piece of work to live done inward unearthing the early on history of Buganda.
Kintu the Person vs Kintu the Legend
The legend of Kintu is told yesteryear the Baganda every bit the story of the creation. According to this legend, which nosotros volition particular inward a moment, Kintu was the outset individual on earth. Unfortunately, many writers of the history of Buganda have got confused the 2 people called Kintu; i.e. Kintu the outset Rex of Buganda, in addition to Kintu the alleged outset homo on earth. This confusion has led some to conclude that in that location was never a Rex called Kintu, in addition to that Kintu is merely a legend. What Baganda scholars assert however, is that Kintu was indeed a legend relating the creation of man. Creation stories abound inward all cultures in addition to that in that location should live a creation story amid the Baganda is non surprising. Thus the Baganda regarded the Kintu inward this legend every bit the begetter of all people. It appears that when Kato established himself every bit king, he gave himself the call Kintu, a call that he knew the Baganda associated with the begetter of all people. Thus Kintu was inward lawsuit trying to flora his legitimacy every bit ruler of the Baganda yesteryear associating himself with the legendary outset individual inward Buganda. It is for this argue that he also named his principal married adult woman Nambi. With that inward mind, allow us at nowadays particular the legend of Kintu the outset individual on earth.
Kintu the Legend
Long long ago, Kintu was the only individual on the earth. He lived solitary with his cow, which he tended lovingly. Ggulu the creator of all things lived upward inward sky with his many children in addition to other property. From fourth dimension to time, Ggulu's children would come upward downward to ground to play. On 1 such occasion, Ggulu's fille Nambi in addition to some of her brothers encountered Kintu who was with his moo-cow inward Buganda. Nambi was really fascinated with Kintu in addition to she felt compassion for him because he was living alone. She resolved to conjoin him in addition to remain with him despite the opposition from her brothers. But because of her brothers' pleading, she decided to render to sky with Kintu in addition to enquire for her father's permission for the union.
Ggulu was non pleased that his fille wanted to larn married to a human beingness in addition to live with him on the earth. But Nambi pleaded with her begetter until she persuaded him to bless the union. After Ggulu decided to allow the matrimony to proceed, he advised Kintu in addition to Nambi to exit sky secretly. He advised them to pack lightly in addition to that on no status were they to render to sky fifty-fifty if they forgot anything. This admonition was so that Walumbe, 1 of Nambi's brothers should non regain out close the matrimony until they had left, otherwise he would insist on going with them in addition to convey them misery ( walumbe means that which causes sickness in addition to death). Kintu was really pleased to have got been given a married adult woman in addition to together they followed Ggulu's instructions. Among the few things that Nambi packed, was her chicken. They laid out for ground early on the adjacent morning.
But spell they were descending, Nambi remembered that she had forgotten to convey the millet that her chicken would feed on. "I have got left my chickens' millet on the porch, allow me render in addition to fetch it," she begged Kintu. But Kintu refused in addition to said, "Don't go back. If you lot do, you lot volition come across Walumbe in addition to he volition for certain insist on coming with you." Nambi, however, did non hear to her husband, in addition to leaving him on the way she returned to fetch the millet. When she reached the house, she took the millet from the porch, but on her way back, she all of a abrupt met Walumbe who asked: "My sister, where are you lot going so early on inward the morning? Nambi did non know what to say. Filled with curiosity, Walumbe insisted on going with her. Therefore Kintu in addition to Nambi were forced to go to ground together with Walumbe.
It did non take away long for Kintu in addition to Nambi to larn children. One day, Walumbe went to Kintu's domicile in addition to asked his brother-in-law to give him a kid to aid him with the chores inward his (Walumbe's) house. But remembering Ggulu's warning, Kintu would non hear of it. Walumbe became really angry with Kintu for refusing him the elementary favor he had asked. That really night, he went in addition to killed Kintu's son. Naturally, this caused a deep rift betwixt them. Kintu went dorsum to sky to study Walumbe's actions to Ggulu. Ggulu rebuked Kintu, reminding him of the original warning he had disregarded. Kintu blamed Nambi for returning to larn the millet. Ggulu in addition to so sent some other of his sons, Kayikuuzi, to go dorsum to ground with Kintu in addition to attempt to persuade Walumbe to render to sky or if necessary render him yesteryear force.
On reaching earth, Kayikuuzi tried to persuade Walumbe to go dorsum to sky but Walumbe would non hear of it. "I similar it hither on ground in addition to I am non coming dorsum with you" he said. Kayikuuzi decided to capture Walumbe yesteryear force, in addition to a dandy deal broke out betwixt them. But every bit Walumbe was close to live overpowered, he escaped in addition to disappeared into the ground. Kayikuuzi went after him, excavation huge holes inward the ground to attempt in addition to regain his brother. When Kayikuuzi got to where he was hiding, Walumbe run dorsum out to the earth. Further struggle betwixt the brothers ensued but 1 time once again Walumbe escaped into the ground. The famous caves that are found today at Ttanda inward Ssingo are said to live the ones that were dug yesteryear Kayikuuzi inward the deal with his blood brother Walumbe. (Kayikuuzi means he who digs holes).
The struggle went on for several days in addition to yesteryear now, Kayikuuzi was unopen to exhaustion. So he went in addition to talked to Kintu in addition to Nambi every bit follows: "I am going dorsum into the ground 1 to a greater extent than fourth dimension to larn Walumbe. You in addition to your children must remain indoors. You must strictly enjoin your children non to brand a audio if they regard Walumbe. I know he is also getting tired so when he comes out of the ground, I volition come upward upon him secretly in addition to take away handle of him." Kintu in addition to Nambi went into their house, but some of the kids did non go in. Kayikuuzi 1 time once again went underground to regain Walumbe. After a struggle, Walumbe came dorsum out to the surface with Kayikuuzi inward pursuit. Kintu's children who were exterior at the fourth dimension saw Walumbe coming in addition to sreamed inward terror. On hearing the screams, Walumbe went underground 1 time again. Kayikuuzi was furious with Kintu in addition to Nambi for non having followed his instructions. He told them that if they did non tending to do the elementary thing he had asked of them, he was also giving upward the fight. Kintu inward his embarrassment had nada to a greater extent than to say. So he told Kayikuuzi "You render to heaven. If Walumbe wants to kill my children, allow him do so, I volition hold having more. The to a greater extent than he kills, the to a greater extent than I volition larn in addition to he volition never live able to kill off all my children". Ttanda, where the deal betwixt Walumbe in addition to Kayikuuzi allegedly took topographic point is figuratively referred to every bit the topographic point of expiry (i.e. Walumbe's place).
So that is the legend of creation, in addition to how sickness in addition to expiry started. Nonetheless, Kintu's descendants volition ever remain every bit Kintu said inward his in conclusion words to Kayikuuzi. Hence the Kiganda saying "Abaana ba Kintu tebalifa kuggwaawo". Which way that Kintu's children (i.e. the Baganda), volition never live wiped off the human face upward of the earth.
Kato Kintu the outset Rex used this saying to his advantage, yesteryear taking on the call of the reputed begetter of all people inward Buganda. However Kintu the legend in addition to Kato Kintu the outset Rex are distinct in addition to should non live confused with 1 another. Kintu the legend was reputedly the outset individual on ground in addition to thence could non have got been a Rex since he had no people to regulation over!
Baganda women traditional wear
What About Kimera?
Most historians concur that in that location is a unopen human relationship betwixt the royal families of Buganda in addition to Bunyoro. What is debatable soundless is the nature of the relationship, in addition to when the 2 became separate. Various versions of this story have got already been given above. Here, nosotros volition address the number of who Kimera was according to the oral tradition of the Baganda.
When Kintu died, his officials did non want to brand this world knowledge inward the fearfulness that this powerfulness induce instability inward the kingdom. So Kintu was buried secretely at Nnono, in addition to the officials set out the give-and-take that the Rex had disappeared. After some time, the officials chose Ccwa, 1 of Kintu's sons to go Rex inward his father's place. Ccwa had only 1 boy called Kalemeera. Kalemeera was only a immature man child yesteryear the fourth dimension his begetter ascended the throne. As he became older, Kalemeera began to empathize the significance of the story that his grandpa Kintu had disappeared. He became apprehensive that Ccwa his begetter powerfulness also disappear inward the same way. Thus Kalemeera began next his begetter around everywhere he went, fearful of letting him out of his sight. Eventually, Ccwa became exasperated with his son's behaviour in addition to he concocted a programme that would forcefulness Kalemeera to exit his father's side.
Baganda adult woman attending the coronation wears a traditional wrapper called 'basuti', in addition to proudly displays across her thorax a bark cloth banner announcing her homeland. Because Baganda kingship is matrilineal, whatever powerful adult woman identifies with the throne because she may give nativity to a king.
The scheme that was concocted involved Walusimbi the Katikkiro (Prime Minister), falsely accusing Kalemeera of having had an illicit affair with his wife. When the instance was brought before Ccwa, the Rex ruled against his son, in addition to he fined him heavily. Kalemeera was forced to go to Bunyoro to seek the aid of Rex Winyi inward paying off the fine. (According to this version of history, Winyi was the boy of Rukidi Mpuga Isingoma, founder of the Bunyoro dynasty. But since Rukidi was Kintu's blood brother in addition to Kintu was the begetter of Ccwa, it follows that Winyi was Kalemeera's uncle in addition to he was inward a topographic point to aid him out at this hr of need). Bunyoro at that fourth dimension was the only source of Fe implements inward the whole part in addition to Kalemeera's programme was to import some of these into Buganda in addition to work the profits to aid pay off the fine.
The story continues that spell inward Bunyoro, Kalemeera had an affair with Wannyana, 1 of Winyi's wives. When it became evident that Wannyana had go pregnant every bit a result, Kalemeera decided to render to Buganda apace to escape Winyi's wrath. Unfortunately for him, Kalemeera took sick on the way domicile in addition to he died. His attendants took his skull in addition to buried it at Sserinnya inward Busiro. Since then, a memorial business solid for Kalemeera has been maintained at Sserinnya.
In the meantime, Wannyana came to term in addition to gave nativity to a babe man child who after came to live called Kimera. Kimera grew upward inward Bunyoro, nether the tending of Katumba, of the Nkima clan, who was a unopen friend in addition to advisor of Wannyana. (Katumba had tricked Winyi into having the babe thrown away rather than have got him killed every bit would otherwise have got happened. He in addition to so secretly rescued the boy.) Back inward Buganda, Ccwa continued to regulation every bit king. At his death, Ccwa had no manlike individual heir to succeed him since his boy Kalemeera had already died. So Walusimbi, of the Ffumbe clan was given stewardship of the throne. Walusimbi proved unpopular however, in addition to he was presently replaced yesteryear Ssebwaana, of the Lugave clan. Since neither of these was of the royal lineage, they are considered to have got been only stewards rather than kings. The throne was inward demand of a royal occupant so the clan leaders decided to send for Kimera inward Bunyoro, whom they had been informed was a boy of Kalemeera. When Kimera left Bunyoro to come upward to Buganda, he knew he was going to go Rex in addition to he brought many people in addition to a lot of holding with him. Wannyana his mother, in addition to her friend Katumba were amid the many people who came with Kimera. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 total of 28 clans are said to have got come upward into Buganda at Kimera's time. Katumba was given the nickname Mugema (meaning he who prevented trouble) because he prevented Kimera's expiry every bit a boy. Katumba was caput of the Nkima clan, in addition to 'Mugema' became his official title. Because of his role inward rearing Kimera to maturity, in addition to guiding him to the throne of Buganda, Mugema is regarded every bit 1 of the most of import clan leaders.
1937: His Highness Daud Cina Buganda, Karaka of Buganda, who received the Honorary K B E inward the Coronation Honours List. (Photo yesteryear Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
The royal lineage from Kimera's fourth dimension to the nowadays Rex is unbroken despite the interruption of 1966-1993. Because he filled the dandy void that occurred after the reign of Ccwa I, Kimera is held inward dandy awe yesteryear the Baganda, 2nd only to that with which Kintu, the dynasty's founder is regarded. Indeed, a prince ascending the throne is ever told that he is succeeding Kimera his ancestor. This had special resonance for Mutebi II the nowadays king, because he also came to the throne after a period of time when the royal reign had been interrupted. This led the clan leaders to go beyond the ritual reminders, in addition to genuinely call him Kimera at the coronation.
Bugandan kids
Basuuti wearing apparel of Baganda people
The Nnabagereka Sylvia Nagginda, Queen of Buganda
Beautiful baganda woman
Buganda basuuti dress. courtesy:Mrs.KC
Ugandan Barkcloth
Posted: Feb 27, 2011 in Aid & Development, ArtTags: barkcloth, Uganda, University of North Texas
The making of barkcloth has been a constituent of Ugandan civilisation for centuries. It is a sacred cloth which defines the spirit of the Buganda kingdom. Barkcloth remains a ceremonial wearing apparel code for royalty, chiefs, in addition to heirs during coronations in addition to funerals. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, in addition to Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has named it amid the world’s collective heritage.
The fine art of making barkcloth is slow disappearing to the modern conveniences of the twenty-first century. Barkcloth is harvested from the mutuba tree in addition to does non damage the tree. The bark of the tree regenerates in addition to tin live harvested repeatedly over dozens of years. It is a great illustration of an environmentally-friendly, renewable material.
This unique cloth tin live incorporated into many modern uses, including fashion, accessories, housewares, interior design, in addition to art. The vision is to create sustainable jobs inward Republic of Uganda yesteryear creating a global demand for barkcloth.
This video documents the procedure of making barkcloth. The slideshow provides some ideas of finished products made from barkcloth.
The University of North Texas did a fantastic exhibition featuring Ugandan barkcloth that took topographic point March 1 through March 26, 2011. For to a greater extent than information, click Ugandan Bark Cloth Exhibition Highlights Sustainable Art.
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